Relationship between the spatial distribution of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and the hydrological variability of rivers

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Di Maio ◽  
Lynda D. Corkum
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Hydrological Variability ◽  
River Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mussel Habitat

Hydrological variability refers to the differences in the patterns of flow among rivers. Drainage basins in southwestern Ontario and southeastern Michigan were selected a priori using records of flow variability. Hydrological variability was then used as a macrohabitat measure of mussel habitat. The distribution and relative abundance of mussels were determined in drainage basins of two hydrologically different types, three event responsive (i.e., hydrologically flashy) and three stable (i.e., hydrologically stable). Eleven event and 10 stable sites were sampled once each from 18 to 30 August 1993. Fifteen species of unionids were found in the study area (13 in event rivers and 9 in stable rivers), with different relative abundances in each regime. Multivariate analyses revealed that there are distinct mussel communities based on the hydrological variability of the river. Amblema plicata, Pyganodon grandis, and Fusconaia flava characterized event sites and Elliptio dilatata, Lampsilis radiata, and Lasmigona costata characterized stable sites. We propose that some unionids can be associated with river types with specific hydrological features and their distribution can be predicted using flow-related stream attributes.

scholarly journals Psoriasis epidemiology screening tool (PEST) is useful for the detection of psoriatic arthritis in the Japanese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Setoyama ◽  
Yu Sawada ◽  
Natsuko Saito-Sasaki ◽  
Shun Ohmori ◽  
Daisuke Omoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Severe Arthritis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Erythematous Skin ◽  
Independent Variable

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that involves various systemic organs and tissues and is characterized by scaly erythematous skin. Among the different types of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is frequently reported, and occasionally develops into severe arthritis leading to joint dysfunction. There are various tools, especially questionnaires, to identify the presence of PsA in European and American populations; however, little is known about the utility of these tools in the Asian population. In this study, we investigated the utility of a representative tool, the psoriasis epidemiology screening tool (PEST) questionnaire, to identify PsA among Japanese patients with psoriasis. A total of 143 patients with psoriasis were enrolled in this study. Among them, 29 patients were diagnosed with PsA. The frequency of PsA was significantly increased in patients with PEST scores > 3, with a sensitivity of 93.1% and a specificity of 78.9%. Among the questions in the PEST questionnaire, “Have you ever had a swollen joint?” showed the highest frequency to answer “Yes” among patients with PsA. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high PEST scores (> 3) was an independent variable in PsA patients. Taken together, our study suggests that the PEST questionnaire is a useful tool to identify PsA among Japanese patients with psoriasis.

scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

Examination of customer-centric measures among different types of customers in the context of major Canadian ski resort

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-459
Author(s):  
Matti J. Haverila ◽  
Kai Christian Haverila
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Satisfaction Model

Purpose Customer-centric measures such as customer satisfaction and repurchase intent are important indicators of performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine what is the strength and significance of the path coefficients in a customer satisfaction model consisting of various customer-centric measures for different types of ski resort customer (i.e. day, weekend and ski holiday visitors as well as season pass holders) in a ski resort in Canada. Design/methodology/approach The results were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach for the four different types ski resort visitors. Findings There appeared to differences in the strength and significance in the customer satisfaction model relationships for the four types of ski resort visitors indicating that the a priori managerial classification of the ski resort visitors is warranted. Originality/value The research pinpoints differences in the strength and significance in the relationships between customer-centric measures for four different types ski resort visitors, i.e. day, weekend and ski holiday visitors as well as season pass holders, which have significant managerial implications for the marketing practice of the ski resort.

Convergence of management practices in India’s IT sector with ana priorivalidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-421
Author(s):  
Jayashree Mahesh ◽  
Anil K. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group A

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document similarities and differences between management practices of different types of organizations in India’s IT sector through an empirical survey. The authors expected these differences to be significant enough for us to be able to groupa priorithis set of companies meaningfully through cluster analysis on the basis of the similarity of their management practices alone.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed-methods approach, 73 senior-level executives of companies working in India’s IT sector were approached with a pretested questionnaire to find out differences on eighteen management practices in the areas of operations management, monitoring management, targets management and talent management. The different types of organizations surveyed were small and amp; medium global multinationals, large global multinationals, small and medium Indian multinationals, large Indian multinationals and small and medium local Indian companies. The differences and similarities found through statistical testing were further validateda priorithrough cluster analysis and qualitative interviews with senior-level executives.FindingsThe management practices of multinationals in India are moving toward Western management practices, indicating that management practices converge as the organizations grow in size. Though the practices of large Indian multinationals were not significantly different from those of global multinationals, the surprising finding was that large Indian multinationals scored better than global multinationals on a few practices. The practices of small and medium Indian companies differed significantly from those of other types of organizations and hence they formed a cluster.Practical implicationsThe finding that large Indian IT multinationals have an edge over global multinationals in certain people management practices is a confirmation of the role of human resource practices in their current success and their continuing competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis is perhaps the first study of its kind to document state of specific management practices across different types of organizations in India’s IT sector and then use measures on these practices to group a priori these organizations for validation.

Distribution of fungi in a Triassic fern stem

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Harper ◽  
Jean Galtier ◽  
Thomas N. Taylor ◽  
Edith L. Taylor ◽  
Ronny Rößler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Fossil Plant ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fungal Distribution ◽  
Fungal Associations

ABSTRACTDocumented evidence of fungi associated with Mesozoic ferns is exceedingly rare. Three different types of fungal remains occur in a portion of a small, permineralised fern stem of uncertain systematic affinities from the Triassic of Germany. Exquisite preservation of all internal tissues made it possible to map the spatial distribution of the fungi in several longitudinal and transverse sections. Narrow, intracellular hyphae extend through the entire cortex, while wide hyphae are concentrated in the cortical intercellular system adjacent to the stele and leaf traces. Hyphal swellings occur in the phloem and adjacent cortex, while moniliform hyphae (or chains of conidia) are present exclusively in parenchyma adjacent to the stele. No host response is recognisable, but host tissue preservation suggests that the fern was alive during fungal colonisation. The highest concentration of fungal remains occurs close to the stele and leaf traces, suggesting that the fungi either utilised the vascular tissues as an infection/colonisation pathway or extracted nutrients from these tissues. This study presents the first depiction of fungal distribution throughout a larger portion of a fossil plant. Although distribution maps are useful tools in assessing fungal associations in relatively small, fossil plants, preparing similar maps for larger and more complex fossils would certainly be difficult and extremely arduous.

scholarly journals Measuring social networks in primates: wearable sensors versus direct observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2236) ◽  
pp. 20190737
Author(s):  
Valeria Gelardi ◽  
Jeanne Godard ◽  
Dany Paleressompoulle ◽  
Nicolas Claidiere ◽  
Alain Barrat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Data Yield

Network analysis represents a valuable and flexible framework to understand the structure of individual interactions at the population level in animal societies. The versatility of network representations is moreover suited to different types of datasets describing these interactions. However, depending on the data collection method, different pictures of the social bonds between individuals could a priori emerge. Understanding how the data collection method influences the description of the social structure of a group is thus essential to assess the reliability of social studies based on different types of data. This is however rarely feasible, especially for animal groups, where data collection is often challenging. Here, we address this issue by comparing datasets of interactions between primates collected through two different methods: behavioural observations and wearable proximity sensors. We show that, although many directly observed interactions are not detected by the sensors, the global pictures obtained when aggregating the data to build interaction networks turn out to be remarkably similar. Moreover, sensor data yield a reliable social network over short time scales and can be used for long-term studies, showing their important potential for detailed studies of the evolution of animal social groups.

scholarly journals Large-scale integrated subglacial drainage around the former Keewatin Ice Divide, Canada reveals interaction between distributed and channelised systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. M. Lewington ◽  
Stephen J. Livingstone ◽  
Chris D. Clark ◽  
Andrew J. Sole ◽  
Robert D. Storrar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Subglacial Meltwater ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

Abstract. We identify and map traces of subglacial meltwater drainage around the former Keewatin Ice Divide, Canada from ArcticDEM data. Meltwater tracks, tunnel valleys and esker splays exhibit several key similarities, including width, spacing, their association with eskers and transitions to and from different types, which together suggest they form part of an integrated drainage signature. We collectively term these features 'meltwater corridors' and propose a new model for their formation, based on observations from contemporary ice masses, of pressure fluctuations surrounding a central conduit. We suggest that eskers record the imprint of a central conduit and meltwater corridors the interaction with the surrounding distributed drainage system. The widespread aerial coverage of meltwater corridors (5–36 % of the bed) provides constraints on the extent of basal uncoupling induced by basal water pressure fluctuations and variations in spatial distribution and evolution of the subglacial drainage system, which will modulate the ice dynamic response.

Blood cell morphology of the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pupin ◽  
Roberto Sacchi ◽  
Stefano Scali ◽  
Alessandra Binda ◽  
Marco Zuffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Blood Cell Morphology

Abstract The morphology of erythrocytes, trombocytes, monocytes, basophils and lymphocytes on Moorish geckos (Tarentola mauritanica) is quite similar to that of other reptiles, even though some peculiarities were detected for heterophils and eosinophils. Moreover, we found a fourth type of granulocyte whose morphology highly differs from both heterophils and eosinophils. Sexually-based differences in the relative abundance of different types of leukocytes was detected: lymphocytes were the most frequent in females, while heterophils and eosinophils prevailed in males. Interestingly, in most individuals we found intra-erythrocytic vacuoles whose structure is similar to that previously described as Chelonoplasma in tortoises and Serpentoplasma in snakes.

The spatial distribution and relative abundance of gap-junctional connexin40 and connexin43 correlate to functional properties of components of the cardiac atrioventricular conduction system

1993 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Gourdie ◽  
N.J. Severs ◽  
C.R. Green ◽  
S. Rothery ◽  
P. Germroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Atrioventricular Node ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Atrioventricular Conduction ◽  
Purkinje Fibre ◽  
Purkinje Fibres ◽  
Atrioventricular Bundle ◽  
Junctional Protein ◽  
Gap Junctional

Electrical coupling between heart muscle cells is mediated by specialised regions of sarcolemmal interaction termed gap junctions. In previous work, we have demonstrated that connexin42, a recently identified gap-junctional protein, is present in the specialised conduction tissues of the avian heart. In the present study, the spatial distribution of the mammalian homologue of this protein, connexin40, was examined using immunofluorescence, confocal scanning laser microscopy and quantitative digital image analysis in order to determine whether a parallel distribution occurs in rat. Connexin40 was detected by immunofluorescence in all main components of the atrioventricular conduction system including the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, and Purkinje fibres. Quantitation revealed that levels of connexin40 immunofluorescence increased along the axis of atrioventricular conduction, rising over 10-fold between atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle and a further 10-fold between atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibres. Connexin40 and connexin43, the principal gap-junctional protein of the mammalian heart, were co-localised within atrioventricular nodal tissues and Purkinje fibres. By applying a novel photobleach/double-labelling protocol, it was demonstrated that connexin40 and connexin43 are co-localised in precisely the same Purkinje fibre myocytes. A model, integrating data on the spatial distribution and relative abundance of connexin40 and connexin43 in the heart, proposes how myocyte-type-specific patterns of connexin isform expression account for the electrical continuity of cardiac atrioventricular conduction.

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