ECONOMIC LOSSES FROM NATURAL DISASTERS: QUANTIFICATION APPROACHES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-83
Author(s):  
Jonathan Van der Kamp ◽  
Jonathan Neo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Asian Countries

AS INUNDAÇÕES DE 2009 NA AMAZÔNIA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: IMPACTOS AO PRODUTO INTERNO BRUTO MUNICIPAL

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Alex Santiago Nina ◽  
Cláudio Fabian Szlafsztein
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis

Nos últimos anos, tem aumentado a frequência dos desastres naturais na Amazônia, concomitantemente com a necessidade de estimar os seus prejuízos econômicos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar qual é o tipo e a intensidade do impacto das inundações de 2009, consideradas as maiores já registradas na Amazônia, no crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal. A metodologia consistiu na análise de correlação linear entre o desempenho econômico e algumas variáveis referentes ao tipo de inundação e indicadores socioeconômicos. Os resultados mostram que as inundações bruscas são as mais problemáticas em longo prazo. As principais estratégias a serem adotadas perpassam pela inclusão de ações de mitigação de desastres naturais ao planejamento do desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia. Palavras-chave: Produto Interno Bruto. Inundação. Amazônia. THE 2009 FLOODS IN THE AMAZON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT ON THE MUNICIPAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Abstract: In the last years, have been increase the frequency of natural disasters in Amazon, concomitantly whit the need of estimate their economic losses. This work have the objective of check what is the type and intensity of 2009 floods impacts, considered the major already registered in Amazon, to the increase of municipal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The methodology was the linear correlation analysis between the economic performance and some variable relative to inundation type and socioeconomics indicators. The results bring which the fast floods are the major problem in the long term. The means strategies to be adopted are the inclusion of natural disasters mitigation actions in plan of sustainable development of Amazon. Keywords: Gross Domestic Product. Flood. Amazon. LAS INUNDACIONES DE 2009 EN LA AMAZONÍA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: IMPACTO EN EL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO MUNICIPAL Resumen: En los últimos años ha aumentado la frecuencia de los desastres naturales en la Amazonia, concomitantemente con la necesidad de estimar sus prejuicios económicos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar cual es el tipo y la intensidad del impacto de las inundaciones de 2009, consideradas las mayores ya registradas en la Amazonia, al crecimiento del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) municipal. La metodología consistió el análisis de correlación linear entre el desempeño económico y algunas variables referentes al tipo de inundación e indicadores socioeconómicos. Los resultados muestran que las inundaciones bruscas son las mas problemáticas a largo plazo. Las principales estrategias a ser adoptadas pasan por la inclusión de acciones de mitigación de desastres naturales a la planificación del desarrollo sostenible de la Amazonia. Palabras clave: Producto Interno Bruto. Inundaciones. Amazonia. 

scholarly journals Report on the 3rd International Conference on Flood Recovery, Innovation and Response (FRIAR) 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele De Wrachien ◽  
David Proverbs
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Semiarid Areas

The terms flood or flooding are often used in different ways. According to the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), <em>flooding is defined as the overflowing or failing of the normal confines of a river, stream, lake, canal, sea or accumulation of water as a result of heavy precipitation where drains are lacking or their discharge capacity is exceeded</em>. The occurrence of floods is the most frequent amongst all natural disasters. Although flooding is a serious hazard in humid regions, it can also be devastating in semiarid areas, where high rates of runoff following storms produce widespread flood damage down valley. These hazards involve tragic loss of life, damage to buildings and natural environments, and massive short-term disruption to the lives of the affected population. One-third of the annual natural disasters and economic losses, and more than half of the respective victims are flood-related.

scholarly journals Benefits of a Biofilm System and Low Ammonia Levels to Decrees the Early Mortality Syndrome in Shrimp Larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected with (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Guillermo Galindo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
In Series ◽  
System Water

The world shrimp aquaculture, has faced several problems, causing severe losses in shrimp hatcheries; between the most critical has been diseases such as early mortality syndrome (EMS) caused by (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). The EMS was initially detected in Asian countries; after, it was disseminated to Mexico and other countries. In Mexico, EMS caused severe economic losses during 2013-2016; and it has not yet been eradicated. Various causes for EMS have been reported; none is entirely accurate, but water quality is essential for successful shrimp aquaculture; therefore, the aim this work was evaluate the ammonia concentration effect on susceptibility to (EMS) on post-larvae (PL-15) shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with (V. parahaemolyticus), using a biofilm system (water with, microalgae, dinoflagellates, protozoa and other planktonic microorganisms). So series of 5 flasks each one were arranged as following: Series S; 900 ml of filtered seawater (FSW) and 10 PL-15 shrimp per flask. Series SB; 840 ml of FSW, 60 ml of biofilm and 10 PL-15 shrimp. Series E; 900 ml of FSW, infected with 2 ml (V. parahaemolyticus) 106 CFU/ ml and 10 PL-15 shrimp. Series EN; fifteen flasks with 900 ml of FSW, 10 PL-15 shrimp, added with NH4Cl (0.535 mg/ml), to get 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/l final ammonia concentration in 5 sub-series of 3 flasks each one. During experiment, ammonia concentration and PL-15 shrimp mortality were evaluated in all flask. Ammonia concentration was higher in series EN than in series E; the same was observed in Series S respect to SB, but at lower values. At end of experiment, mortality in series EN was 90% Vs 60% in E. Similarly, mortality in series S was 10% Vs 0% in SB. This results confirm that the ammonia increases PL shrimp mortality, and biofilm system reduce ammonia and consequently PL-15 shrimp mortality.

scholarly journals Taiwan Vulnerability Analysis: A Comparative Study with Japan, China, U.S.A., U.K., France, and the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shou Su
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

<p>Taiwan has performed well economically during the past four decades. However, economic development can be profoundly hampered by natural disasters. Sustainable economic development requires environmental resilience. With 23 million people occupying only 13,974 square miles of land, Taiwan is both densely populated and highly exposed to natural disasters: 73.1% of the total population lives in vulnerable areas, and Taiwan is ranked as the country most exposed to multiple hazards (The World Bank, 2005). Storms and floods damage Taiwan frequently, with an average of six typhoons hitting Taiwan annually for the past four decades. Taiwan had the highest occurrence and highest death toll on the natural disaster density indicator (NDDI) in comparison with China, Japan, U.S.A, U.K., France, and the Netherlands from 1985 to 2014. Also, Taiwan’s economic losses during the past thirty years are estimated at $650, 000 per km². This is approximately 5 times that of the Netherlands’ $134,362 and the U.K.’s $135,292, 8 times that of the U.S.A.’s $78,186 losses, and 9 times that of France’s $70,599. Research finds that every dollar invested into disaster preparedness would save $4 to $7 dollars in post-disaster damages (Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2005; The National Academy of Sciences, 2012). Hence, promoting urban resilience policies for disaster risk reduction should become a priority in Taiwan and other Asian nations in the future. Most important is the need of a strong political commitment and leadership to initiate and implement spatial policies toward resilience.</p>

scholarly journals Institutions and the losses from natural disasters

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Raschky
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract. Natural hazards can be seen as a function of a specific natural process and human (economic) activity. Whereby the bulk of literature on natural hazard management has its focus on the natural process, an increasing number of scholars is emphasizing the importance of human activity in this context. Existing literature has identified certain socio-economic factors that determine the impact of natural disasters on society. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effects of the institutional framework that influences human behavior by setting incentives and to point out the importance of institutional vulnerability. Results from an empirical investigation of large scale natural disasters between 1984 and 2004 show that countries with better institutions experience less victims and lower economic losses from natural disasters. In addition, the results suggest a non-linear relationship between economic development and economic disaster losses. The suggestions in this paper have implications for the discussion on how to deal with the adverse effects of natural hazards and how to develop efficient adaption strategies.

Windstorm and storm surges in Europe: loss trends and possible counter-actions from the viewpoint of an international reinsurer

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1831) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Berz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Design Code ◽  
The World

Windstorm disasters (including storm surges) account for about one-third of all natural disasters throughout the world (by number, fatalities and economic losses), but for more than two-thirds of the corresponding insured losses. Trend analyses reveal that major windstorm disasters and the losses generated by them have increased drastically in recent decades. Risk partnership between the state, the affected population and the insurance industry assumes a key role with regard to the windstorm hazard. Scientists, engineers and insurers must work together in formulating their requirements and shaping them in such a way that politicians can derive clearly recognizable policy options (e.g. land-use, restrictions, design-code adjustments) from them. Another important aspect is stepping up the efforts being made towards curbing climate change, which will, otherwise, exacerbate the risk in the future.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF DISASTER VICTIMS IN KRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kocherla Gangadhar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Social and economic development throughout India is frequently interrupted by extreme events. The Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters, thus to social and economic losses. Although disaster events impact this region, in the latter, they can cause a sharp increase in poverty. As disasters pose an important hurdle to the development of this coastal area, it is important to assess their global, regional, economic, and social impacts. Most economic assessments of the impacts of disasters have concentrated on direct losses that is, the nancial cost of physical damage. Equally important are indirect and secondary impacts of disasters, including the destruction of communities and their negative impacts on families. It is expected that concerted action on risk management will help create an increased awareness of the economy wide signicance of natural disasters and the problems they pose for long term development. Accordingly, this growing awareness will lead to an increased resilience in the selected area.

scholarly journals Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plan (IT-DRP) Model-Based on NIST Framework in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Hanung Nindito Prasetyo ◽  
Nana Supriatna ◽  
Anugrah Pambudi Raharjo ◽  
Wawa Wikusna
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Recovery Plan ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Technology And Communication

Based on data, Indonesia ranks second in the list of the highest number of deaths due to natural disasters in the Asia-Pacific. Over the past 20 years, various natural disasters in this country have also caused economic losses of at least US$ 22.5 billion. This data means that disasters in various sizes and scales can occur and affect business. Disaster threats can occur in various forms, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods. The threat of disasters will certainly disrupt and can have a fatal impact on the sustainability of business supported by information technology, the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KPPPA) as a case study has an interest in this matter. One of the infrastructures that become an essential asset as the performance support capacity of the KPPPA is an information system and technology. System tools and Information technology are business process support tools at the KPPPA so that businesses have sustainability and can run well. Disasters that occur will undoubtedly have a fundamental impact that can damage the system and technology in the organization so that it will positively affect the course of business processes. For this reason, integrated planning is needed to handle the disaster so that business processes can continue to run as they should. One of the integrated plans is designing an Information Technology and Communication Disaster Recovery Plan (IT-DRP). This study discusses the NIST framework implementation as one of the IT-DRP models which have been applied in KPPPA.

scholarly journals AS INUNDAÇÕES DE 2009 NA AMAZÔNIA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: IMPACTOS AO PRODUTO INTERNO BRUTO MUNICIPAL

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Alex Santiago Nina ◽  
Cláudio Fabian Szlafsztein
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis

Nos últimos anos, tem aumentado a frequência dos desastres naturais na Amazônia, concomitantemente com a necessidade de estimar os seus prejuízos econômicos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar qual é o tipo e a intensidade do impacto das inundações de 2009, consideradas as maiores já registradas na Amazônia, no crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal. A metodologia consistiu na análise de correlação linear entre o desempenho econômico e algumas variáveis referentes ao tipo de inundação e indicadores socioeconômicos. Os resultados mostram que as inundações bruscas são as mais problemáticas em longo prazo. As principais estratégias a serem adotadas perpassam pela inclusão de ações de mitigação de desastres naturais ao planejamento do desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia. Palavras-chave: Produto Interno Bruto. Inundação. Amazônia. THE 2009 FLOODS IN THE AMAZON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT ON THE MUNICIPAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Abstract: In the last years, have been increase the frequency of natural disasters in Amazon, concomitantly whit the need of estimate their economic losses. This work have the objective of check what is the type and intensity of 2009 floods impacts, considered the major already registered in Amazon, to the increase of municipal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The methodology was the linear correlation analysis between the economic performance and some variable relative to inundation type and socioeconomics indicators. The results bring which the fast floods are the major problem in the long term. The means strategies to be adopted are the inclusion of natural disasters mitigation actions in plan of sustainable development of Amazon. Keywords: Gross Domestic Product. Flood. Amazon. LAS INUNDACIONES DE 2009 EN LA AMAZONÍA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: IMPACTO EN EL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO MUNICIPAL Resumen: En los últimos años ha aumentado la frecuencia de los desastres naturales en la Amazonia, concomitantemente con la necesidad de estimar sus prejuicios económicos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar cual es el tipo y la intensidad del impacto de las inundaciones de 2009, consideradas las mayores ya registradas en la Amazonia, al crecimiento del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) municipal. La metodología consistió el análisis de correlación linear entre el desempeño económico y algunas variables referentes al tipo de inundación e indicadores socioeconómicos. Los resultados muestran que las inundaciones bruscas son las mas problemáticas a largo plazo. Las principales estrategias a ser adoptadas pasan por la inclusión de acciones de mitigación de desastres naturales a la planificación del desarrollo sostenible de la Amazonia. Palabras clave: Producto Interno Bruto. Inundaciones. Amazonia. 

scholarly journals On-Demand Satellite Payload Execution Strategy for Natural Disasters Monitoring Using LoRa: Observation Requirements and Optimum Medium Access Layer Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Lara Fernandez ◽  
Joan Adria Ruiz-de-Azua ◽  
Anna Calveras ◽  
Adriano Camps
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Execution Strategy

Natural disasters and catastrophes are responsible for numerous casualties and important economic losses. They can be monitored either with in-situ or spaceborne instruments. However, these monitoring systems are not optimal for an early detection and constant monitoring. An optimisation of these systems could benefit from networks of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors on the Earth’s surface, capable of automatically triggering on-demand executions of the spaceborne instruments. However, having a vast amount of sensors communicating at once with one satellite in view also poses a challenge in terms of the medium access layer (MAC), since, due to packet collisions, packet losses can occur. As part of this study, the monitoring requirements for an ideal spatial nodes density and measurement update frequencies of those sensors are provided. In addition, a study is performed to compare different MAC protocols, and to assess the sensors density that can be achieved with each of these protocols, using the LoRa technology, and concluding the feasibility of the monitoring requirements identified.

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