Elemental concentration in the hair taken from healthy people for the past 20 years — 1. Long-term changes over 20 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sera ◽  
S. Goto ◽  
T. Hosokawa ◽  
C. Takahashi ◽  
J. Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Long Term Variations

We developed a standard-free method for untreated hairs and the method has been applied to quantitative analysis of more than 30,000 hairs taken from the people concerned in order to evaluate exposure to some toxic elements and intakes of essential elements. Besides these analyses, we have measured nearly 2000 hairs collected from healthy people in Japan over the past 20 years. It was found that concentrations of some elements, such as vanadium, chromium, manganese, copper and mercury, keep increasing up to the present. Such tendencies were particularly notable for female, while not clearly observed for male. Concentrations of some essential elements, such as calcium, magnesium and zinc, show no obvious long-term variations. On the other hand, iron and selenium show slightly decreasing tendencies. With regard to toxic elements, it was found that arsenic, chromium and mercury are tending to increase year by year.

Elemental concentration in the hair taken from healthy people for the past 20 years — 2. Sex-specific differences and changes with age

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sera ◽  
S. Goto ◽  
T. Hosokawa ◽  
C. Takahashi ◽  
J. Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

A standard-free method for untreated hairs has been applied to quantitative analysis of the hairs taken from 1256 healthy people living in the Iwate prefecture, Japan. It was found that there are clear sex-specific differences in the concentration of some elements. Concentrations of many essential elements, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and bromine, are clearly higher for female. In particular, calcium concentration is 2.6 times higher for female in comparison with that for male. Contrarily, concentrations of some toxic elements such as chromium, arsenic and mercury are higher for male. On the other hand, concentrations of many elements vary with age. Those of calcium, magnesium and zinc start to increase in the middle of teens and reach maximum in the middle of twenties for female. Mercury concentration increases as the ages advance, while those of chromium, arsenic and lead show no clear changes with age.

STUDIES ON DAILY CHANGES OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION IN BEARD SAMPLES BY MEANS OF THE STANDARD-FREE METHOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
T. SASAKI ◽  
J. ITOH ◽  
Y. SAITOH
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Daily Changes

We developed and reported a standard-free method for beard (including mustache and whiskers) samples that enables us to quantitatively analyze powdered beard samples of extremely small quantity. In order to investigate intake of essential elements and also exposure to toxic elements, daily changes of elemental concentration in the body give us essential information. Firstly, we have measured dependence of elemental concentration in beard, mustache and whiskers on the collecting regions in the face. Then, daily changes of elemental concentration in the body, which reflect daily ingestion of foods and waters, have been estimated by means of quantitative analyses of beard samples. These beard samples were taken from three persons everyday over successive 7, 14 and 33 days, respectively. As a result, some elements show long-term changes and a few toxic elements such as arsenic and lead exhibit changes in a period of a few days. We have also measured daily changes of elemental concentration in urine and beard taken from the same person at the same time every half day over 10 days, and clear correlation of daily changes of the arsenic concentration between urine and beard samples was observed. It is found that the standard-free method is quite effective for beard samples of very small quantities, and that beard analyses are quite suited to studies on daily changes of elemental concentration in the human body in comparison with the other samples depending on the elements.

Unbanked in India: A qualitative analysis of 24 years of financial inclusion policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087281988118
Author(s):  
Gaurav R Sinha ◽  
Lissette M Piedra
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Complex Information

Social work has historically engaged in pioneering interventions to improve the financial well-being of people. India is an interesting case as it has the highest number of unbanked people on one side and numerous policy interventions on the other. Using systematic review and Gioia methodology, we analyzed 24 years of financial inclusion policies. Our analysis revealed that the efficacy of policies was impeded by flawed designs, as the policymakers preferred ‘quick fixes’ over long-term solutions. Our study highlights the need for learning from the past and organizing complex information in a way that helps policymakers in taking informed policy design decisions.

Long-term variations in the geomagnetic activity level Part II: Ascending phases of sunspot cycles

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mussino ◽  
O. Borello Filisetti ◽  
M. Storini ◽  
H. Nevanlinna
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Long Term Variations

Abstract. Monthly averages of the Helsinki Ak-values have been reduced to the equivalent aa-indices to extend the aa-data set back to 1844. A periodicity of about five cycles was found for the correlation coefficient (r) between geomagnetic indices and sunspot numbers for the ascending phases of sunspot cycles 9 to 22, confirming previous findings based on a minor number of sunspot cycles. The result is useful to researchers in topics related to solar-terrestrial physics, particularly for the interpretation of long-term trends in geomagnetic activity during the past, and to forecast geomagnetic activity levels in the future.

Memory of Futures

KronoScope ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Adam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Far Future

AbstractWe think of memories as being focused on the past. However, our ability to move freely in the temporal realm of past, present and future is far more complex and sophisticated than commonsense would suggest. In this paper I am concerned with our capacity to produce and extend ourselves into the far future, for example through nuclear power or the genetic modification of food, on the one hand, and our inability to know the potential, diverse and multiple outcomes of this technologically constituted futurity, on the other. I focus on this discrepancy in order to explore what conceptual tools are available to us to take account of long-term futures produced by the industrial way of life. And I identify some historical approaches to the future on the assumption that the past may well hold vital clues for today's dilemma, hence my proposal to engage in 'memory of futures'. I conclude by considering the potential of 'memory aids for the future' as a means to better encompass in contemporary concerns the long-term futures of our making.

scholarly journals Memory and Alterity in Zar: Religious Contact and Change in the Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Ninteenth Century ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in the Blue Nile town of Sennar, supported by archival and historical documentation, this article explores the history of Zar spirit possession in Sudan, and the light this throws on the interplay of religions over the past 150 years. Life history data supports the argument that contemporary Zar is grounded in forms and rituals derived from the ranks of the ninteenth-century Ottoman army, and these remain the basis of ritual events, even as they accommodate ongoing changes in this part of Africa. Many of these changes are linked to the dynamic interplay of Zar with forms of Islam, on the one hand, and Christianity, on the other. In the former colonial periods, political power resided with the British, and Khawaja (European) Christian Zar spirits are remembered as far more important. Today that authority in Zar has shifted to spirits of foreign Muslims and local holy men, on the one hand, and to subaltern Blacks, on the other. These speak to concerns of new generations of adepts even as changes in the larger political and religious landscapes continue to transform the context of Zar.

scholarly journals Flare Stars in the ETA Tauri Fields Significant Long-Term Variations of their Flaring Activity

1989 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
G. Szécsényi-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flare Stars ◽  
Frequency Variations ◽  
Flare Frequency ◽  
Long Term Variations

Photographic surveys completed during the past 30 years yielded data of about 600 flare stars in these fields. Although their average flare number is very low 17 of the stars produced 10… 120 flare ups. In order to investigate the possible long-term activity changes of these objects a new method - which is described below -was developed. Making use of it significant flare frequency variations were found at two out of three ‘active’ flare stars.

scholarly journals Errors of Observation in Double-Star Work

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
W. D. Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Double Star ◽  
Astronomical Observation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Binary ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Observational Errors ◽  
Long Term Variations

Astronomical observation frequently is focused on minute quantities, and on digging information even from below the 'noise level'. In all cases of long-term variations, such as visual binary motions, measurements over a long time interval have to be combined. All of this requires a knowledge of the observational errors in the past and present. We usually are not at liberty to discard old observations since we cannot repeat them at any later time desired. Visual observations leave no re-measurable records, so we have to take the word of the observer, and make the best of it.

scholarly journals A Transient Shock-Wave in the Shell of the Be Star HD 184279

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
D. Ballereau ◽  
J. Chauville
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
Spectroscopic Observations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Long Term Variations

HD 184279 (V1294 Aql) has presented in the past an emission spectrum on the first terms of the Balmer series, and shell absorptions on the hydrogen and neutral helium lines. Their variations have been reported by Merrill (1952), Merrill and Lowen (1953) and Svolopoulos (1975). Ballereau and Hubert-Delplace (1982) evidenced long-term V/R variations with an amplitude of ∼100 km s-1. Short-term photometric variations are irregular (Tempesti and Patriarca, 1976), while long-term variations are correlated with radial velocity (RV) of shell lines (Horn et al., 1982). Ballereau and Chauville (in preparation) extended the spectroscopic observations until 1984 and confirmed the pseudo-periodic variations, the last half-period ranging over 3.4 years (April 1, 1980-August 1, 1983).

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