SOLVING TRAFFIC JAMS: HUMAN INTERVENTION OR SELF-ORGANIZATION?

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014
Author(s):  
ETAY MAR OR ◽  
ERAN SHIR ◽  
SORIN SOLOMON
Keyword(s):  
Critical Density ◽  
Original Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Jamming Transition ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
External Intervention

We study the effect of external intervention on the self-organized jamming phase transition. The classical traffic model of Biham, Middleton, and Levine (BML) is modified to give priority to longer queues. It is shown that this lowers the critical density at which the jamming transition takes place (in comparison to the original model).

Traffic Jams

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Charbonneau
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Numerical Implementation ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

This chapter considers the occurrence of traffic jams in the flow of moving automobiles as an example of complex collective behavior emerging from the interactions of system elements. It begins with a discussion of the basic design principle of an automobile traffic model and the numerical implementation of the model using the Python code. It then describes a representative simulation involving an ensemble of 300 cars initially at rest and distributed randomly, with a mean spacing of 10 units. It also examines how the traffic jam model behaves, traffic jams as avalanches, and the self-organized criticality of car traffic. The chapter includes exercises and further computational explorations, along with a suggested list of materials for further reading.

scholarly journals Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Kadiri ◽  
Serguei Kostcheev ◽  
Daniel Turover ◽  
Rafael Salas-Montiel ◽  
Komla Nomenyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Hydrogen Silsesquioxane ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Structure Topology ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Long Range Ordering

Our aim was to elaborate a novel method for fully controllable large-scale nanopatterning. We investigated the influence of the surface topology, i.e., a pre-pattern of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) posts, on the self-organization of polystyrene beads (PS) dispersed over a large surface. Depending on the post size and spacing, long-range ordering of self-organized polystyrene beads is observed wherein guide posts were used leading to single crystal structure. Topology assisted self-organization has proved to be one of the solutions to obtain large-scale ordering. Besides post size and spacing, the colloidal concentration and the nature of solvent were found to have a significant effect on the self-organization of the PS beads. Scanning electron microscope and associated Fourier transform analysis were used to characterize the morphology of the ordered surfaces. Finally, the production of silicon molds is demonstrated by using the beads as a template for dry etching.

Self-Organization and Trade Union Democracy

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Public Sector Union ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Union Democracy ◽  
Democratic Polity ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article is an offshoot of a three year study into the self-organized groups for women, black members, disabled members and lesbians and gay men which have been enshrined in the constitution of the UK's public sector union UNISON. The argument is that self-organization has become a significant axis around which trade union democracy is being reconstituted in the late twentieth century. However, our understanding of this phenomenon has been obscured by the ascendancy of mainstream union perspectives over self-organized perspectives, which has unfortunately been compounded by academic researchers. A re-conceptualization of self-organization proceeds in three stages. First, it is contextualized politically and theoretically in terms of trade union histories, new social movements and models of a diversified democratic polity. Second, it is re-signified by attending to its actual unfolding over the past two decades and the self-understandings of its activists. Third, is problematized with reference to exogenous pressures towards bureaucracy and oligarchy, and endogenous pressures towards essentialisms and exclusions.

scholarly journals Transition from Self-Organized Criticality into Self-Organization during Sliding Si3N4 Balls against Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Bogatov ◽  
Podgursky ◽  
Vagiström ◽  
Yashin ◽  
Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

The paper investigates the variation of friction force (Fx) during reciprocating sliding tests on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films. The analysis of the friction behavior during the run-in period is the focus of the study. The NCD films were grown using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD) on single-crystalline diamond SCD(110) substrates. Reciprocating sliding tests were conducted under 500 and 2000 g of normal load using Si3N4 balls as a counter body. The friction force permanently varies during the test, namely Fx value can locally increase or decrease in each cycle of sliding. The distribution of friction force drops (dFx) was extracted from the experimental data using a specially developed program. The analysis revealed a power-law distribution f-µ of dFx for the early stage of the run-in with the exponent value (µ) in the range from 0.6 to 2.9. In addition, the frequency power spectrum of Fx time series follows power-law distribution f-α with α value in the range of 1.0–2.0, with the highest values (1.6–2.0) for the initial stage of the run-in. No power-law distribution of dFx was found for the later stage of the run-in and the steady-state periods of sliding with the exception for periods where a relatively extended decrease of coefficient of friction (COF) was observed. The asperity interlocking leads to the stick-slip like sliding at the early stage of the run-in. This tribological behavior can be related to the self-organized criticality (SOC). The emergence of dissipative structures at the later stages of the run-in, namely the formation of ripples, carbonaceous tribolayer, etc., can be associated with the self-organization (SO).

Influence of Resin Viscosity and Filler Volume on Self-Organized Micro Interconnection

2006 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyokazu Yasuda ◽  
Koushi Ohta ◽  
Kozo Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Filler Dispersion

The novel selective interconnection using the resin containing low-melting-point-alloy fillers was developed as a high density assembly method of a low-temperature and highly reliable electronic interconnection. By means of the coalescence of fillers and wetting onto the terminal material due to the Laplace pressure of the fillers, self-organization onto the terminals was formed. The influence of the filler volume ratio and resin viscosity on the self-organized interconnecting was investigated by the numerical analysis with a multi-filler dispersion model corresponding to a real process, and was evaluated by using the normalized parameter (self-organization ratio). We clarified the existence of the optimal value of the filler volume ratio. The rate controlling factor transferred from the filler volume to the inflow velocity by the increase of the viscosity.

scholarly journals Research on MAS-Based Supply Chain Resilience and Its Self-Organized Criticality

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Geng ◽  
Renbin Xiao ◽  
Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Neighborhood Structure ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

Building resilient supply chain is an effective way to deal with uncertain risks. First, by analyzing the self-organization of supply chain, the supply chain resilience is described as a macroscopic property that generates from self-organizing behavior of each enterprise on the microlevel. Second, a MAS-based supply chain resilience model is established and its local fitness function, neighborhood structure, and interaction rules that are applicable to supply chain system are designed through viewing the enterprise as an agent. Finally, with the help of a case, we find that there is an agglomeration effect and a SOC characteristic in supply chain and the evolution of supply chain is controlled by parameters of MAS. Managers can control the supply chain within the resilient range and choose a good balance between interest and risk by controlling enterprises’ behavior.

scholarly journals Self-Organized Translational Wheeling Motion in Stochastic Self-Assembling Modules

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Miyashita ◽  
Kohei Nakajima ◽  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Rolf Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Shape Difference ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Organization Process ◽  
And Behavior

Self-organization is a phenomenon found in biomolecular self-assembly by which proteins are spontaneously driven to assemble and attain various functionalities. This study reports on self-organized behavior in which distributed centimeter-sized modules stochastically aggregate and exhibit a translational wheeling motion. The system consists of two types of centimeter-sized water-floating modules: a triangular-shaped module that is equipped with a vibration motor and a permanent magnet (termed the active module), which can quasi-randomly rove around; and circular modules that are equipped with permanent magnets (termed passive modules). In its quasi-random movement in water, the active module picks up passive modules through magnetic attraction. The contacts between the modules induce a torque transfer from the active module to the passive modules. This results in rotational motion of the passive modules. As a consequence of the shape difference between the triangular module and the circular module, the passive modules rotate like wheels, being kept on the same edges as the active module. The motion of the active module is examined, as well as the characteristics and behavior of the self-organization process.

scholarly journals Ontological diversity in urban self-organization: Complexity, critical realism and post-structuralism

2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522199239
Author(s):  
Beitske Boonstra ◽  
Ward Rauws
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Ontological Dimension

As urban self-organization grows into a key concept in spatial planning—explaining spontaneous spatial transformations—the understandings and applications of the concept divert. This article turns to the ontological dimension of urban self-organization and scrutinizes how a critical realist and a post-structuralist ontology inspire theoretical practices, analytical tendencies, empirical readings, and subsequent planning interventions in relation to urban self-organization. This is illustrated with an example of the self-organized regeneration of a deprived street in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. With this contribution, we aim to create ontological self-awareness among planning scholars in studying urban self-organization and invite them to reflect on how their positions complement, deviate, and potentially challenge or inspire those of others. We argue that by clarifying ontological diversity in urban self-organization, theoretical practices and complexity-informed planning interventions can be further deepened and enriched.

Quantum dots: Self-organized and self-limiting assembly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri D. Vvedensky
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Semiconductor Quantum Dots ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Quantum Nanostructures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Site Control

This article describes the self-organized and self-limiting assembly of quantum dots, with particular emphasis on III–V semiconductor quantum dots. It begins with a background on the second industrial revolution, highlighted by advances in information technology and which paved the way for the era of ‘quantum nanostructures’. It then considers the science and technology of quantum dots, followed by a discussion on methods of epitaxial growth and fabrication methodologies of semiconductor quantum dots and other supported nanostructures, including molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. It also examines self-organization in Stranski–Krastanov systems, site control of quantum dots on patterned substrates, nanophotonics with quantum dots, and arrays of quantum dots.

scholarly journals Tuning the Spatially Controlled Growth, Structural Self-Organizing and Cluster-Assembling of the Carbyne-Enriched Nanostructured Metamaterials during Ion-Assisted Pulse-Plasma Deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lukin ◽  
Oğuz Gülseren
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Self Organizing

Structural self-organizing and pattern formation are universal and key phenomena observed during growth and cluster-assembling of the carbyne-enriched nanostructured metamaterials at the ion-assisted pulse-plasma deposition. Fine tuning these universal phenomena opens access to designing the properties of the growing carbyne-enriched nano-matrix. The structure of bonds in the grown carbyne-enriched nano-matrices can be programmed by the processes of self-organization and auto-synchronization of nanostructures. We propose the innovative concept, connected with application of the universal Cymatics phenomena during the predictive growth of the carbyne-enriched nanostructured metamaterials. We also propose the self-organization approach for increase stability of the long linear carbon chains. The main idea of suggested concept is manipulating by the self-organized wave patterns excitation phenomenon and their distribution by the spatial structure and properties of the nanostructured metamaterial grows region through the new synergistic effect. Mentioned effect will be provided through the vibration-assisted self-organized wave patterns excitation along with simultaneous manipulating by their properties through the electric field. We propose to use acoustic activation of the plasma zone of nano-matrix growing. Interaction between the inhomogeneous electric field distribution generated on the vibrating layer and the plasma ions will serve as the additional energizing factor controlling the local pattern formation and self-organizing of the nano-structures. Suggested concept makes it possible to provide precise predictive designing the spatial structure and properties of the advanced carbyne-enriched nanostructured metamaterials.

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