INSTANTANEOUS INFORMATION ALWAYS STABILIZES?

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
YANG ZHANG ◽  
WEIHONG HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Local Stability ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Stability Loss ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Bertrand Competition ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Additional Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cournot And Bertrand Competition

The impact of information improvement on local stability is examined for continuous dynamics. It is conventionally believed that removal of uncertainty always brings additional stability to an existing equilibrium. This paper shows that the relation between information and equilibrium stability may not be monotonic. Removal of information lag may sometimes destabilize the otherwise stable continuous model. Economic applications to Cournot and Bertrand competition are examined where the role of improved information on stability is shown to be cost-structure specific. Elimination of lags may cause stability loss. The conclusion drawn on two-dimensional continuous dynamics is briefly generalized to multidimensional system.

Phonon Coupling and Dielectric Response in 2D Semiconductor

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslan Usman ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
Hamid Latif ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Exciton Coupling ◽  
Gain Energy ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Layered Transition Metal ◽  
The Impact

The impact of phonon and their surrounding environment on exciton and its complexes were investigated in monolayer WSe2 semiconductor. Phonon up-conversion has been studied in past for conventional III–V semiconductors, but its role in two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides has rarely been explored. We investigated the photoluminescence up-conversion mechanism in WSe2 monolayer and found that a lower energy photon gain energy upto 64[Formula: see text]meV to be up-converted to emission photon at room temperature. Moreover, the phonon-exciton coupling mechanism has also been investigated and the role of dielectric screening has been explored to get complete insight of coulomb’s interaction in these electron-hole pairs. Investigations of charge carrier’s lifetime reveal that boron nitride encapsulated monolayer has shorter recombination time as low as 41 ps as compared to a bare monolayer on SiO2 substrate. These results are very promising for realizing spintronics-based application from two-dimensional layered semiconductors.

scholarly journals The EU Falsified Medicines Directive: Key Implications for Dispensers

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
European Directive ◽  
2D Barcode ◽  
Market Authorization ◽  
Falsified Medicines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The EU Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) mandates the serialisation of prescription-only medicines using a two-dimensional (2D) barcode by pharmaceutical companies and the systematic verification of this 2D barcode in pharmacies. This European directive has ramifications for many stakeholders, including market authorization holders, wholesalers, parallel importers, and dispensers. Focusing primarily on the impact on UK dispensers, the following questions are addressed in this article: Where should the affected medicines be scanned? and who will pay for the incoming changes to practice? The role of the EU FMD in terms of drug recalls, the preparation required for EU FMD compliance, and the potential for added healthcare value are also discussed. Dispensers must prepare for the February 2019 EU FMD deadline date by choosing a point within their dispensing processes to scan medicines. Dispensers must also budget appropriately for the incoming costs associated with new hardware and processes.

scholarly journals A deep insight into the ion foreshock with the help of test particle two-dimensional simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1235
Author(s):  
Philippe Savoini ◽  
Bertrand Lembège
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Shock Front ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Field Component ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shock Profiles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two-dimensional (2D) test particle simulations based on shock profiles issued from 2D full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used in order to analyze the formation processes of ions back streaming within the upstream region after interacting with a quasi-perpendicular curved shock front. Two different types of simulations have been performed based on (i) a fully consistent expansion (FCE) model, which includes all self-consistent shock profiles at different times, and (ii) a homothetic expansion (HE) model in which shock profiles are fixed at certain times and artificially expanded in space. The comparison of both configurations allows one to analyze the impact of the front nonstationarity on the back-streaming population. Moreover, the role of the space charge electric field El is analyzed by either including or canceling the El component in the simulations. A detailed comparison of these last two different configurations allows one to show that this El component plays a key role in the ion reflection process within the whole quasi-perpendicular propagation range. Simulations provide evidence that the different field-aligned beam (FAB) and gyro-phase bunched (GPB) populations observed in situ are essentially formed by a Et×B drift in the velocity space involving the convective electric field Et. Simultaneously, the study emphasizes (i) the essential action of the magnetic field component on the GPB population (i.e., mirror reflection) and (ii) the leading role of the convective field Et in the FAB energy gain. In addition, the electrostatic field component El is essential for reflecting ions at high θBn angles and, in particular, at the edge of the ion foreshock around 70∘. Moreover, the HE model shows that the rate BI% of back-streaming ions is strongly dependent on the shock front profile, which varies because of the shock front nonstationarity. In particular, reflected ions appear to escape periodically from the shock front as bursts with an occurrence time period associated to the self-reformation of the shock front.

Role of the spacer cation in the growth and crystal orientation of two-dimensional perovskites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Parikh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli ◽  
Manoj Pandey ◽  
Abul Kalam ◽  
Daniel Prochowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
The Impact

The impact of organic spacer cations on controlling the growth and crystal orientation of two dimensional halide perovskite thin films is discussed along with the mechanism for obtaining vertical orientation.

scholarly journals A deep insight into the Ion Foreshock with the help of Test-particles Two-dimensional simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Savoini ◽  
Bertrand Lembege
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Shock Front ◽  
Field Component ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Shock Profiles ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two dimensional test-particles simulations based on shock profiles issued from 2D full PIC simulations are used in order to analyze the formation processes of ions backstreaming within the upstream region after these interact with a quasi-perpendicular curved shock front. Two different types of simulations have been performed based on (i) a FCE (Full Consistent Expansion) model which includes all self-consistent shock profiles at different times, and (ii) a HE (Homothetic Expansion) model where shock profiles are fixed at certain times and artificially expanded in space. The comparison of both configurations allows to analyze the impact of the front non stationarity on the backstreaming population. Moreover, the role of the space charge electric field is analyzed by switching it in/off in the simulations. A detailled comparison of these two last different configurations allows to show that the electric field component plays a key role in the ion reflection process within the whole quasi-perpendicular propagation range. Simulations evidence that the different populations observed in-situ namely the FAB (Field-Aligned Beam) and GBP (Gyro-Phase Bunch) populations are essentially formed by a E→t × B→ drift involving the convective electric field E→t. Simultaneously, the study emphasizes the leading role of the electrostatic (longitudinal) field E→l built up within the shock front in the acceleration process in addition to the magnetic mirror reflection (Fast Fermi). This electrostatic field component appears as essential to form backstreaming ions at high θBn angles and in particular at the edge of the ion foreshock around 70°. Moreover, the HE model shows that the rate BI% of reflected ions is strongly dependent on the shock front profile which varies because of the shock front non stationarity. In particular, reflected ions appear to escape periodically from the shock front as bursts  with an occurrence time period associated to the self-reformation of the shock front.

Role of Material Properties in the Finite Element Solution for Three-Dimensional Composites—A Sensitivity Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
H-B Hellweg ◽  
M A Crisfield
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional material test data for orthotropic laminae are difficult to obtain. Consequently, various simplifications are made for the material properties of individual layers in a finite element analysis, ranging from the assumption of transversely isotropic layers to applying two-dimensional material data in a three-dimensional analysis. In order to investigate the impact and validity of such simplifications, the sensitivity of the stresses and deformations in a finite element analysis on the material properties was investigated.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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