THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT’S EXPENDITURE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON AIR POLLUTION IN TAIWAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
JR-TSUNG HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Area ◽  
County Level ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Primary Finding

This study explores the influence of government’s spending on environmental protection on air pollution in Taiwan. Using the panel data of 20 counties, county-level cities, and municipalities in Taiwan covering the period from 2013 to 2018 and the spatial econometric analysis due to considering the possible spatial dependence of air pollution represented by PM2.5 concentration and SO2 emissions, the primary finding is that government’s spending in the environmental protection can statistically significantly improve air pollution regardless of where the financial source is. However, rather than the local fiscal expenditure on environmental protection, subsidies of the air pollution control from the central government can play more important roles to effectively improve air quality of the local area in Taiwan.

The Zhenhua Case: the emergence of civil environmental public interest litigation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Restoration Cost

Abstract In 2015, the All-China Environment Federation v Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Corporation Limited case was the first civil environmental public interest litigation (CEPIL) against air pollution in China. Constituting a milestone in the field of air pollution control in China, this case (i) confirms the eligibility of a non-governmental organisation (NGO) to file civil public interest litigations; (ii) discusses remedies for the ecological destruction caused by air pollution; (iii) assesses the ecological and environmental damage using the ‘virtual restoration cost’ method; and (iv) uses public apology as an innovative way for Zhenhua to assume liability. By applying and interpreting several important rules under the Environmental Protection Law of China (EPLC) for the first time, this case sets an example for future CEPILs against air pollution in China.

CROSS-BOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL UNDER “ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS”: PERSPECTIVES FROM HONG KONG–GUANGDONG COLLABORATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 601-625
Author(s):  
TING YIN TIFFANY WONG ◽  
YUAN XU ◽  
YOUNGHO CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
One Country Two Systems ◽  
Effective Collaboration

This study aims to examine how “One Country, Two Systems” has shaped and influenced the collaboration on cross-boundary air pollution control between the governments of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Guangdong province. The presence of the Chinese central government significantly fostered the start of this collaboration, but the implementation and collaborative relationship were relatively weak and unsustainable due to the two local governments’ largely different interests, goals and political demands. We found that the emphasis on “One Country” especially after 2003 led to the signature of more joint agreements in comparison with what the emphasis on “Two Systems” did between 1997 and 2003. Joint agreements appear to be necessary conditions for effective collaboration, but too many of them without satisfying implementation could have resulted in less concrete benefits. A balanced stress on “One Country” and “Two Systems” might bring an appropriate number of joint agreements with good implementation for more effective collaboration.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Treatment Analysis of Air Quality Including Particulate Pollutants: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9476
Author(s):  
Bowen Jiang ◽  
Yuangang Li ◽  
Weixin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

At present, China’s air pollution and its treatment effect are issues of general concern in the academic circles. Based on the analysis of the development stages of air pollution in China and the development history of China’s air quality standards, we selected 17 cities of Shandong Province, China as the research objects. By expanding China’s existing Air Quality Index System, the air quality of six major pollutants including PM2.5 and PM10 in 17 cities from February 2017 to January 2020 is comprehensively evaluated. Then, with a forecast model, the air quality of the above cities in the absence of air pollution control policies since June 2018 was simulated. The results of the error test show that the model has a maximum error of 4.67% when simulating monthly assessment scores, and the maximum mean error of the four months is 3.17%. Through the comparison between the simulation results and the real evaluation results of air quality, we found that since June 2018, the air pollution control policies of six cities have achieved more than 10% improvement, while the air quality of the other 11 cities declined. The different characteristics of pollutants and the implementation of governance policies are perhaps the main reasons for the above differences. Finally, policy recommendations for the future air pollution control in Shandong and China were provided.

scholarly journals A New Study on Air Quality Standards: Air Quality Measurement and Evaluation for Jiangsu Province Based on Six Major Air Pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyan Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies

China’s current Air Quality Index (AQI) system only considers one air pollutant which has the highest concentration value. In order to comprehensively evaluate the urban air quality of Jiangsu Province, this paper has studied the air quality of 13 cities in that province from April 2015 to March 2018 based on an expanded AQI system that includes six major air pollutants. After expanding the existing air quality evaluation standards of China, this paper has calculated the air quality evaluation scores of cities in Jiangsu Province based on the six major air pollutants by using the improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model. This paper has further analyzed the effectiveness of air pollution control policies in Jiangsu Province and its different cities during the study period. The findings are as follows: there are distinct differences in air quality for different cities in Jiangsu Province; except for coastal cities such as Nantong, Yancheng and Lianyungang, the southern cities of Jiangsu generally have better air quality than the northern cities. The causes of these differences include not only natural factors such as geographical location and wind direction, but also economic factors and energy structure. In addition, air pollution control policies have achieved significant results in Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Yancheng, Zhenjiang, Tai’an and Lianyungang. Among them, Nantong has seen the biggest improvement, 20.28%; Changzhou and Wuxi have improved their air quality by more than 10%, while Yangzhou, Suzhou, and Yancheng have improved their air quality by more than 5%. However, the air quality of Nanjing, Huai’an, Xuzhou, and Suqian has worsened by different degrees compared that of the last period within the beginning period, during which Suqian’s air quality has declined by 20.07% and Xuzhou’s by 16.32%.

scholarly journals Measuring Environmental and Economic Performance of Air Pollution Control for Province-Level Areas in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Gong ◽  
Jianing Mi ◽  
Chunyan Wei ◽  
Ruitao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Province Level

This paper proposes an improved three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the environmental-economic efficiency (EEE) of air pollution control for 30 province-level areas of China during the period of 2012 to 2016. In this model, capital, labor, and total energy consumption are the three inputs, while gross domestic product (GDP) and waste gas emissions represent the desirable and undesirable outputs, respectively. This model allows the weights of economic growth and environmental protection to be adjusted as needed by policymakers; the model is adopted to evaluate the effects of government measures on environmental protection and economic growth. Ultimately, the effects from environmental factors and statistical noise are excluded from the EEEs of local governments and the managerial efficiencies are calculated. The results simultaneously reflect the local performance of air pollution control and economic development, which can be used to clarify the ranking of provinces nationwide.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control Policies Based on Historical Evaluation and Deep Learning Forecast: A Case Study of Chengdu-Chongqing Region in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Hao Gao ◽  
Weixin Yang ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Research Period

Air pollution is a common problem for many countries around the world in the process of industrialization as well as a challenge to sustainable development. This paper has selected Chengdu-Chongqing region of China as the research object, which suffers from severe air pollution and has been actively involved in air pollution control in recent years to achieve sustainable development. Based on the historical data of 16 cities in this region from January 2015 to November 2019 on six major air pollutants, this paper has first conducted evaluation on the monthly air quality of these cities within the research period by using Principal Component Analysis and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution. Based on that, this paper has adopted the Long Short-Term Memory neural network model in deep learning to forecast the monthly air quality of various cities from December 2019 to November 2020. The aims of this paper are to enrich existing literature on air pollution control, and provide a novel scientific tool for design and formulation of air pollution control policies by innovatively integrating commonly used evaluation models and deep learning forecast methods. According to the research results, in terms of historical evaluation, the air quality of cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing region was generally moving in the same trend in the research period, with distinct characteristics of cyclicity and convergence. Year- on-year speaking, the effectiveness of air pollution control in various cities has shown a visible improvement trend. For example, Ya’an’s lowest air quality evaluation score has improved from 0.3494 in 2015 to 0.4504 in 2019; Zigong’s lowest air quality score has also risen from 0.4160 in 2015 to 0.6429 in 2019. Based on the above historical evaluation and deep learning forecast results, this paper has proposed relevant policy recommendations for air pollution control in the Chengdu-Chongqing region.

scholarly journals Replies to Challenges in the Field of Air Pollution Control in Foundry Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
R. Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Emission Limit

Abstract The solution of applications for air pollution control in foundries for iron and non-ferrous metals may not only be understood as the observance of requested emission limit values at the stack outlet. An effective environmental protection already starts with the greatest possible capture of pollutants at the source with at the same time minimisation of the volume flow necessary for this. Independent of this, the downstream installed filtration system has to realise a degree of separation of definitely above 99%. Furthermore, when selecting the filter construction, attention has to be paid to a high availability. An even temporarily production without filter will more and more no longer be accepted by residents and authorities. Incidents at the filter lead to a shutdown of the whole production. Additional measures for heat recovery while preparing concepts for filtration plants help to reduce the energy consumption and serve for a sustained conservation of environment. A consequent consideration of the items above is also condition for the fact that environmental protection in foundries remains affordable. The lecture deals with the subjects above from the point of view of a plant constructor.

scholarly journals Analysis of Air Pollution Control Measures in Environmental Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Protection Measures

The air quality of the ecological environment is closely related to people's health. However, due to the rapid economic development in recent years, it has indirectly led to the continuous deterioration of the quality of the atmospheric environment. Effective control of air pollution in environmental engineering is an important measure to improve the ecological environment and the quality of people’s lives. Therefore, this paper combines the main causes and hazards of air pollution to analyze environmental protection measures in-depth.

scholarly journals Research on the Establishment and Stability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Air Pollution Cooperative Control Alliance: An Evolutionary Game Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Wei. Zhu ◽  
Shaonan. Shan ◽  
Xiaohui. Shi ◽  
Hui. Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Core Elements

Air pollution control refers to a vital issue in the integrated and coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. As impacted by the fluidity of air pollution, air pollution control cannot be achieved independently by a single local government in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and a long-term mechanism should be established for regional coordination and cooperative control. However, in the pursuit of maximising benefits by the participating parties, difficulties in effective coordination between the various control bodies occurred and a dilemma was created in the cooperative control of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Based on the existing research, this study first builds an evolutionary game model to analyse the evolutionary path and stability of cooperative alliance of air pollution control behaviour in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Second, this study explores the core elements of reaching alliances and consolidating cooperative control among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Last, in combination with the simulation results, this study compares the feasibility of cooperative control among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with and without central government constraints. As indicated from the results, without the constraints of the central government, intergovernmental cooperative control is correlated with intercity public benefits, cities’ own benefits, and air pollution losses, whereas it is not effective since it cannot control the phenomenon of “free-riding” by cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Under the control of the central government, a stable strategy among cities can evolve toward a fast and efficient cooperative management. To achieve air pollution control effectively, the air pollution control alliance should be formed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the benefits of cooperation lay the basis for reaching cooperative control. The mentioned findings highlight that (1) the benefits of cooperation lay the basis for cooperative control, (2) punitive policies of central government increase the evolutionary rate of cooperative control, and (3) cooperation costs determine the long-term stability of the alliance.

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