ON PARITY CONSERVATION AND THE QUESTION OF THE 'MISSING' (RIGHT-HANDED) NEUTRINO

1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. BARUT ◽  
G. ZIINO
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Neutrino Field ◽  
Parity Conservation ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Right

The neutrino problem is set anew in the light of a reformulation of the Dirac field theory that provides a natural account for the effect commonly interpreted as 'P-violation', and restores P-mirror symmetry. A two-component (left-handed) neutrino field is automatically derived, whose P-mirror image does not correspond to a 'missing' particle but is the (right-handed) antineutrino field.

FERMION QUANTUM FIELD THEORY WITH A NEW GAUGE SYMMETRY, RELATED TO A PSEUDOSCALAR-CONSERVED-CHARGE VARIETY

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2081-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ZIINO
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Chiral Model ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Massive Spin ◽  
Field Formalism

Massive chiral fields, “left-handed” for fermions and “right-handed” for antifermions, are shown to be a natural prediction of a new approach to the Dirac field theory which in the zero-mass limit spontaneously yields Weyl’s two-component scheme. Such an approach gives an improved theoretical framework to the “standard model”: It accounts for (and clarifies the origin of) the “P-violation” effect, without needing any ad-hoc external prescriptions. A double-faced—either “Dirac” or “chiral” — model of a massive spin[Formula: see text] fermion is involved, due to the internal coexistence of two anticommuting—scalar and pseudoscalar—varieties of charges, the former being responsible for “P-conserving” processes and the latter for “P-violating” ones. The resulting scheme, besides naturally embodying the P-violation effect, leads paradoxically to a retrieval of parity symmetry itself: owing to the anticommutivity property of the above coexisting charge varieties, a chiral fermion is predicted to be the same as a mere pseudoscalar-charge particle, and the ordinary CP mirror image of the weak-isospin fermionic current may now become the true P mirror image of it. On these grounds a suitable generalized field formalism is built, which turns out to be endowed also with chiral gauge invariance, in spite of the presence of mass. Such novel global gauge symmetry is shown to express pseudoscalar-charge conservation; its local extension is seen to yield a “minimal” coupling, which could in particular apply to magnetic-monopole dynamics.

Microsurgically generated discontinuities provoke heritable changes in cellular handedness of a ciliate, Stylonychia mytilus

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-356
Author(s):  
X.B. Shi ◽  
Z.I. Qiu ◽  
W. He ◽  
J. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Edge ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anteroposterior Polarity ◽  
Posterior Anterior ◽  
Stylonychia Mytilus

Stylonychia mytilus is a dorsoventrally flattened ciliate with compound ciliary structures arranged in a specific manner on the cell surface. In mirror-image (MI) doublets of this ciliate, two nearly complete sets of ciliary structures are arrayed side-by-side, one in a normal or ‘right-handed’ (RH) arrangement, the other in a reversed or ‘left-handed’ (LH) arrangement. MI-doublets exist in two forms, one with the RH component on the right, the LH component on the left, and feeding structures near the center (‘buccal-adjoining MI-doublet’); the other with the RH component on the left, the LH component on the right, and feeding structures on the lateral edges (‘buccal-opposing MI-doublet’). We describe an operation that can generate either type of MI-doublet. This operation interchanges large anterior and posterior regions of the cell, transposing the original posterior region anteriorly (P—A) and the original anterior region posteriorly (A—P), while retaining the original anteroposterior polarity of each region. Two sets of new ciliary structures then are formed in mirror-image arrangement, with the set in the P—A region oriented normally and the set in the A—P region undergoing a reversal of polarity along its anteroposterior axis. This sometimes creates end-to-end MI forms, but more commonly produces side-by-side MI-doublets through a folding together of the P—A and A—P regions. This folding occurs because one lateral edge of the cell had been removed during the operation; if the left edge was removed, the complex folds to the left and forms a buccal-adjoining MI-doublet, whereas if the right edge was removed, the complex folds to the right and forms a buccal-opposing MI-doublet. Both types can reorganize and later divide true-to-type, although the ‘buccal-opposing’ type is by far the more stable of the two. The generation of mirror-image forms is dependent on the prior abnormal juxtaposition of regions from opposite ends of the cell, and involves a coordinated respecification of large-scale organization. We interpret this response to be a consequence of intercalation of missing intervening positional values in the zone of posterior-anterior abutment.

scholarly journals Question of Parity Non-Conservation in Weak Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zuodong sun
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Law ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Parity Conservation ◽  
Wise Choice ◽  
The Right

In order to reasonably explain the phenomenon of cell bioelectricity, we proposed the conservation law of cell membrane area, established the ion inequality equation, and therefore paid attention to the mystery of "θ-τ". We researched and analyzed the "θ-τ" mystery, discussed the parity non-conservation in weak interactions, suggested possible experiments to test the parity non-conservation in weak interactions, and gave our research and analysis conclusions: The experimental scheme proposed by C. N. Yang and T. D. Lee in the hypothesis cannot be used as a positive evidence of whether the weak interaction parity is conserved, nor can it directly answer whether θ and τ in the "θ-τ" mystery are the same particle; The Co60 β decay experiment such as C. S. Wu is a pseudo-mirror experiment, and it has not overturned the so-called "parity conservation law" or proved the "parity non-conservation" in weak interactions; The "θ-τ" mystery is a "man-made" mystery. θ and τ are two different particles, which may be the result of the same precursor particle being divided into two. Parity conservation or non-conservation under mirror image has no physical significance. The work of C. N. Yang, T. D. Lee, C. S. Wu et al. have brought quantum physicists from the "Little black house" to the "Big black house" or "smaller black house". The right and wise choice is to go back through "the door that came in". With the development of science today, it is time for some contents to reform from the bottom.

Synchronization Error in Bilateral Simultaneous Flexion of Elbows

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nakamura ◽  
R. Taniguchi ◽  
Y. Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signal ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Sound Stimulus ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synchronization Errors ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Using 7 left- and 7 right-handed subjects, the difference in time between left and right arms in the initiation of bilateral simultaneous flexion of elbows (synchronization error) was measured under three conditions: response to a sound stimulus with a warning signal, response to a sound stimulus without a warning signal, and self-initiated trial (option). The absolute value of synchronization errors depended upon experimental conditions. In conditions ‘with warning’ and ‘option’ the dominance shown in performance of left-handed subjects was the mirror-image of that shown by the right-handed subjects. The right biceps muscle responded faster in left-handed subjects and vice versa. Right-handed subjects showed rather a constant value in their dispersion of synchronization errors.

Molecular and morphological characterisation of two reproductively isolated species with mirror-image anatomy (Nematoda: Cephalobidae)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul De Ley ◽  
Marie-Anne Felix ◽  
Linda Frisse ◽  
Steven Nadler ◽  
Paul Sternberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

Abstract Detailed descriptions are given of the amphimictic nematode strains PS1158, PS2052 and PS2160, which are unusual in that they only differ in predominant body handedness. Although these strains are morphologically identical in all other respects, published reproductive data and new DNA sequence data of the D2/D3 region of the large subunit rRNA gene show that they do represent two separate species. On the basis of comparison with type material, the left-handed strains PS1158 and PS2160 are identified as Acrobeloides bodenheimeri, and the right-handed strain PS2052 as A. camberenensis, which is re-instated as a valid species. A. bodenheimeri and its relatives exhibit various types of diagnostic and taxonomic problems at species level, and it is shown that D2/D3 sequence data provide an important new diagnostic tool for addressing these problems. Phylogenetic analysis shows that two right-handed parthenogenetic strains identified as A. maximus represent a third species which is more closely related to A. camberenensis than to A. bodenheimeri. Caracterisation morphologique et moleculaire de deux especes intersteriles de chiralite contraire (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) - Une description detaillee est donnee des souches amphimictiques de nematodes PS1158, PS2052 et PS2160, souches inhabituelles car differant par la chiralite du corps. Bien que ces souches soient morphologiquement identiques sous tout autre rapport, les resultats publies de tests de croisement et de nouvelles donnees concernant la sequence d'ADN de la region D2/D3 du gene de la grosse sous-unite d'ARN ribosomal montrent qu'elles representent en fait deux especes distinctes. Se fondant sur une comparaison avec le materiel type, les souches sinistres PS1158 et PS2160 sont identifiees comme Acrobeloides bodenheimeri et la souche dextre PS2052 comme A. camberenensis, ainsi retabli comme espece valide. A. bodenheimeri et les especes proches posent differents problemes diagnostiques et taxinomiques au niveau specifique, et nous montrons que les donnees de sequence D2/D3 fournissent un nouvel outil diagnostique important pour aborder ces problemes. L'analyse phylogenetique montre que deux souches parthenogenetiques dextres identifiees comme A. maximus representent en fait une troisieme espece, plus proche de A. camberenensis que de A. bodenheimeri.

scholarly journals Сhiral and Racemic Fields Concept for Understanding of the Homochirality Origin, Asymmetric Catalysis, Chiral Superstructure Formation from Achiral Molecules, and B-Z DNA Conformational Transition

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii A. Pavlov ◽  
Yaroslav V. Shushenachev ◽  
Sergey G. Zlotin
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
Z Dna ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dna Helix

The four most important and well-studied phenomena of mirror symmetry breaking of molecules were analyzed for the first time in terms of available common features and regularities. Mirror symmetry breaking of the primary origin of biological homochirality requires the involvement of an external chiral inductor (environmental chirality). All reviewed mirror symmetry breaking phenomena were considered from that standpoint. A concept of chiral and racemic fields was highly helpful in this analysis. A chiral gravitational field in combination with a static magnetic field (Earth’s environmental conditions) may be regarded as a hypothetical long-term chiral inductor. Experimental evidences suggest a possible effect of the environmental chiral inductor as a chiral trigger on the mirror symmetry breaking effect. Also, this effect explains a conformational transition of the right-handed double DNA helix to the left-handed double DNA helix (B-Z DNA transition) as possible DNA damage.

scholarly journals II. The inheritance of sinistrality in Limnæa peregra ( Mollusca, Pulmonata )

1931 ◽  
Vol 219 (462-467) ◽  
pp. 51-131 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Limncea peregra is one of the commonest British fresh-water molluscs. Like other aquatic Pulmonates, it is hermaphrodite and breeds either by self- or cross-fertilisation. Normally the shell and body are coiled in a right-handed spiral (“dextral”) . Very rarely a reversed (“sinistral”) form occurs in which the whole symmetry is completely inverted : the shell and body are coiled in a left-handed spiral, the heart and kidney are reversed ; the rectum, penis and vagina open on the left-hand side of the neck instead of the right; the osphradium is on the left and the consequent asymmetry of the nervous ganglia is reversed. A sinistral snail is a complete mirror image of a dextral. The difference involves the whole development of each individual : it is apparent in the first division of the egg and obvious in the second. To be twisted either to the right or to the left seem to be the only available morphological possibilities. A shell which is not dextral is not necessarily sinistral, nor vice versa ; the shells might be coiled on the flat, something like a Planorbis . We have had a few of these monsters (fig. 8, Plate 10), of which the animals have been sinistral : if fertile they have normal dextral or sinistral young and appear to play no particular part in the genetic scheme. But a spiral mode of cleavage in the egg and a spiral twist in the soft parts of the adult seem to be essential qualities of gastropod mollusca, and an animal which is neither dextral nor sinistral is presumably impossible : the twist being obligatory there is no third alternative.

Определение ведущей руки в судебно-медицинской практике с помощью стоматологического индекса КПУ

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Identification ◽  
The Right

In current forensic medicine practice, the need for the development of new, scientifically based approaches and methods of forensic medical identification is still very important. The number of left-handed people in the world varies from 5 to 30 %, and it can be useful in forensic practice. The possibility of establishing a dominating hand based on the intensity of dental caries (CFE - CARIES-FILLIN-EXTRACTION index) was studied. Taking into consideration the intensity of caries damage to the teeth on the right and left sides of right-handed, left-handed and ambidextras people, we offered and calculated the CFE difference index: «CFE on the right – CFE on the left». Significant differences in the CFE indexes can help to determine what hand has been predominant and it might be useful for forensic specialists.

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE WORLD STRONGEST BELT WRESTLERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Mariya Sedunova ◽  
Liliya Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
World Championship ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Competitive Activities ◽  
Distinguishing Features

International potential and consequent greater competition in belt wrestling increase the significance of assessing quantitative and qualitative indicators of competitive activity of the strongest wrestlers in the world. It is important to identify the sport development trends and to search for effective ways and tools for achievement of the sport excellence. Purpose: to reveal the features of efficient competitive activities of the world leading wrestlers on the basis of analysis of group differences in technical and tactical excellence indicators. Materials and methods of research. We analyzed videos of 285 events with participation of 197 wrestlers competing at the Belt Wrestling World Championship 2019 in Kazan. We registered the following indicators of competitive activity: the total and average number of fighting techniques, including techniques executed to the right and to the left side within 4 minutes of combat; number and types of technical actions of competition winners among men and women. Research results and discussion. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis of technical and tactical skills of men and women, the winners of the Belt Wrestling World Championship. The research revealed distinguishing features of the winner’s technical toolkit including the diversity of technical and tactical actions, a balance in the knowledge of the right and left-handed techniques. At the same time, the analysis of technical and tactical actions in women wrestling shows the backlog of female athletes in these components of technical fitness.

scholarly journals Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Craps ◽  
Marine De Clerck ◽  
Philip Hacker ◽  
Kévin Nguyen ◽  
Charles Rabideau
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nonzero Temperature ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Btz Black Holes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) that capture maximally chaotic properties of a black hole are determined by scattering processes near the horizon. This prompts the question to what extent OTOCs display chaotic behaviour in horizonless microstate geometries. This question is complicated by the fact that Lyapunov growth of OTOCs requires nonzero temperature, whereas constructions of microstate geometries have been mostly restricted to extremal black holes.In this paper, we compute OTOCs for a class of extremal black holes, namely maximally rotating BTZ black holes, and show that on average they display “slow scrambling”, characterized by cubic (rather than exponential) growth. Superposed on this average power-law growth is a sawtooth pattern, whose steep parts correspond to brief periods of Lyapunov growth associated to the nonzero temperature of the right-moving degrees of freedom in a dual conformal field theory.Next we study the extent to which these OTOCs are modified in certain “superstrata”, horizonless microstate geometries corresponding to these black holes. Rather than an infinite throat ending on a horizon, these geometries have a very deep but finite throat ending in a cap. We find that the superstrata display the same slow scrambling as maximally rotating BTZ black holes, except that for large enough time intervals the growth of the OTOC is cut off by effects related to the cap region, some of which we evaluate explicitly.

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