Analysis of energy consumption and emission of the heterogeneous traffic flow consisting of traditional vehicles and electric vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (34) ◽  
pp. 1750324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Hai-Jun Huang ◽  
Tie-Qiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Rarefaction Waves ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Electric vehicle (EV) has become a potential traffic tool, which has attracted researchers to explore various traffic phenomena caused by EV (e.g. congestion, electricity consumption, etc.). In this paper, we study the energy consumption (including the fuel consumption and the electricity consumption) and emissions of heterogeneous traffic flow (that consists of the traditional vehicle (TV) and EV) under three traffic situations (i.e. uniform flow, shock and rarefaction waves, and a small perturbation) from the perspective of macro traffic flow. The numerical results show that the proportion of electric vehicular flow has great effects on the TV’s fuel consumption and emissions and the EV’s electricity consumption, i.e. the fuel consumption and emissions decrease while the electricity consumption increases with the increase of the proportion of electric vehicular flow. The results can help us better understand the energy consumption and emissions of the heterogeneous traffic flow consisting of TV and EV.

scholarly journals Effects of Exchanging Battery on the Electric Vehicle’s Electricity Consumption in a Single-Lane Traffic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shi-Chun Yang ◽  
Wen-Zhuang Gou ◽  
Tie-Qiao Tang ◽  
Hua-Yan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Charging Stations

We propose a car-following model to explore the influences of exchanging battery on each vehicle’s electricity consumption under three traffic situations from the numerical perspective. The numerical results show that exchanging battery will destroy the stability of traffic flow, but the effects are related to each vehicle’s initial headway, the time that each electric vehicle exchanges the battery, the proportion of the electric vehicles that should exchange the battery, the number of charging stations, and the distance between two adjacent charging stations.

scholarly journals Research on innovative plug-in hybrid electric vehicle comprehensive energy consumption evaluation method based on statistic energy consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042110502
Author(s):  
Xinbo Chen ◽  
Jian Zhong ◽  
Feng Sha ◽  
Zaimin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle not only has the advantages of low emissions from electric vehicles, but also takes advantage of the high specific energy and high specific power of petroleum fuels, which can significantly improve the emissions and fuel economy of traditional vehicles. Studying its comprehensive energy consumption evaluation method is an important part of analyzing the economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper first puts forward the concept of statistical energy consumption and then proposes an innovative calculation method of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy consumption based on statistical energy consumption by referring to and analyzing the energy consumption test regulations of the United States, the European Union, and China. Given the two use case assumptions of charge depleting mode priority and charge sustaining mode only, considering the fuel consumption and the energy consumption that converts electrical energy consumption to fuel consumption, the probability density function of travel mileage distribution and energy consumption is derived. Finally, the interpretation and analysis of statistical energy consumption evaluation results are carried out.

Impacts of road conditions on the energy consumption of electric vehicular flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Hai-Jun Huang ◽  
Tie-Qiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Rarefaction Wave ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Positive Impacts

In this paper, we use the electricity consumption model for electric vehicular flow [H. Xiao, H. J. Huang and T. Q. Tang, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 30 (2016) 1650325] to study the effects of road conditions on the electricity consumption of electric vehicular flow during the evolutions of shock, rarefaction wave and small perturbation. The numerical results indicate that road conditions have negative influences on the electricity consumption during the evolutions of shock and rarefaction wave (i.e. the electricity consumption increases when road conditions become better) and positive impacts on the electricity consumption during the evolution of small perturbation when the traffic flow is unstable (i.e. the electricity consumption produces oscillation, but its amplitude decreases when road conditions become better).

scholarly journals Capabilities of Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Electricity Generation to Charge Electric Vehicle (EV) Operating in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7591
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cieslik ◽  
Filip Szwajca ◽  
Jedrzej Zawartowski ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrzak ◽  
Slawomir Rosolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Almost All

The growing number of electric vehicles in recent years is observable in almost all countries. The country’s energy transition should accompany this rise in electromobility if it is currently generated from non-renewable sources. Only electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources can be considered zero-emission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct interdisciplinary research on the feasibility of combining energy recovery/generation structures and testing the energy consumption of electric vehicles under real driving conditions. This work presents a comprehensive approach for evaluating the energy consumption of a modern public building–electric vehicle system within a specific location. The original methodology developed includes surveys that demonstrate the required mobility range to be provided to occupants of the building under consideration. In the next step, an energy balance was performed for a novel near-zero energy building equipped with a 199.8 kWp photovoltaic installation, the energy from which can be used to charge an electric vehicle. The analysis considered the variation in vehicle energy consumption by season (winter/summer), the actual charging profile of the vehicle, and the parking periods required to achieve the target range for the user.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSALITY OF CO2 EMISSIONS, CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA IN 1990-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Melati Intan Kurnia ◽  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Yustirania Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

<p><em>Increasing economic growth will spark against increased energy consumption. But on the other hand, increasing economic growth will also trigger the occurrence of natural damage and degradation of environmental quality derived from CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are caused by oxidation process of fossil fuel energy. This research aims to know the causality relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, and economic growth in Indonesia, as well as long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, to economic growth in Indonesia in 1990 – 2019. The used data is the secondary data that is in the form of data time series. The dependent variables of this study are economic growth, while independent variables are CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption. The method that is used in this study is Vector Error Correction Model. The results showed that there was a one-way causality between economic growth and fossil fuel consumption, and between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The research also shows that on long-term CO2 emissions has a negative influence, while the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth in 1990-2019.</em></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: CO2, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth.</em></p>

scholarly journals Exhaust Emissions and Energy Consumption Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles in Real Driving Cycles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6423
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Traffic Conditions

One of the environmental aims of the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. According to European Parliament data, transport emissions accounted for about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2016, in which road transport had the largest share (approximately 72%). This phenomenon is particularly visible in urban agglomerations. The solution examples are the popularization of hybrid vehicles and the development of electromobility. The aim of this paper is an assessment of the energy consumption and exhaust emissions from passenger cars fitted with different powertrains in actual operation. For the tests, passenger cars with conventional engines of various emission classes were used as well as the latest hybrid vehicles and an electric car. It enabled a comparative assessment of the energy consumption under different traffic conditions, with particular emphasis on the urban phase and the entire RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. The results were analyzed to identify changes in these environmental factors that have occurred with the technical advancement of vehicles. The lowest total energy consumption in real traffic conditions is characteristic of an electric vehicle; the plug-in hybrid vehicle with a gasoline engine is about 10% bigger, and the largest one is a combustion vehicle (30% bigger than an electric vehicle). These data may contribute to the classification of vehicles and identification of advantages of the latest developments in conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Efficient Gear Ratio Selection of a Single-Speed Drivetrain for Improved Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9254
Author(s):  
Polychronis Spanoudakis ◽  
Gerasimos Moschopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Stefanoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Sarantinoudis ◽  
Eftichios Papadokokolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Selection Of

The electric vehicle (EV) market has grown over the last few years and even though electric vehicles do not currently possess a high market segment, it is projected that they will do so by 2030. Currently, the electric vehicle industry is looking to resolve the issue of vehicle range, using higher battery capacities and fast charging. Energy consumption is a key issue which heavily effects charging frequency and infrastructure and, therefore, the widespread use of EVs. Although several factors that influence energy consumption of EVs have been identified, a key technology that can make electric vehicles more energy efficient is drivetrain design and development. Based on electric motors’ high torque capabilities, single-speed transmissions are preferred on many light and urban vehicles. In the context of this paper, a prototype electric vehicle is used as a test bed to evaluate energy consumption related to different gear ratio usage on single-speed transmission. For this purpose, real-time data are recorded from experimental road tests and a dynamic model of the vehicle is created and fine-tuned using dedicated software. Dynamic simulations are performed to compare and evaluate different gear ratio set-ups, providing valuable insights into their effect on energy consumption. The correlation of experimental and simulation data is used for the validation of the dynamic model and the evaluation of the results towards the selection of the optimal gear ratio. Based on the aforementioned data, we provide useful information from numerous experimental and simulation results that can be used to evaluate gear ratio effects on electric vehicles’ energy consumption and, at the same time, help to formulate evolving concepts of smart grid and EV integration.

scholarly journals Joint Virtual Energy Storage Modeling with Electric Vehicle Participation in Energy Local Area Smart Grid

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rui-Cheng Dai ◽  
Bi Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Di Zhang ◽  
Jun-Wei Yu ◽  
Bo Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Storage Model ◽  
Rolling Optimization

In this research, the joint virtual energy storage modeling with electric vehicle participation in energy local area Smart Grid is considered. This article first constructs a virtual energy storage model and a joint virtual energy storage model for air conditioning and electric vehicles. Therefore, for the optimization problem of virtual energy storage power, a continuous rolling optimization algorithm to determine the feasible solution of the high-dimensional complex constraint optimization problem is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the analysis, for example, illustrates the economics of joint virtual energy storage in the Smart Grid. The results prove that air conditioning and electric vehicles have the ability to jointly participate in virtual energy storage, and the comparison proves that joint virtual energy storage can effectively improve the economics of electricity consumption.

scholarly journals Operational Aspects of Electric Vehicles from Car-Sharing Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Turoń ◽  
Andrzej Kubik ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Operational Aspects ◽  
Increase Energy Consumption

The article was dedicated to the topic of energy consumption of driving cars equipped with an electric motor. Due to the emerging demands for the excessive use of energy by vehicles (including car-sharing system vehicles), the authors carried out research to determine factors that affect the energy consumption. Due to the occurrence of a research gap related to the lack of reliable scientific information regarding real electricity consumption by vehicles used in car-sharing systems, the authors attempted to determine these values based on the proposed research experiment. The purpose of the research was to identify factors that increase energy consumption while driving in the case of car-sharing systems and developing recommendations for users of car-sharing systems and system operators in relation to energy consumption. Based on data received from car-sharing system operators and to their demands that users move cars uneconomically and use too much energy, the authors performed a scientific experiment based on Hartley’s plan. The authors made journeys with electric cars from car-sharing (measurements) in order to compare real consumption with data obtained from operators. As a result, the authors developed a list of factors that negatively affect the energy consumption of electric vehicles from car-sharing systems. As conclusion, a number of recommendations were developed for car-sharing system operators on how to manage their systems to reduce excessive energy consumption in electric vehicles.

Traffic Condition-Based Gain Scheduling of Electric Assist Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Poursamad
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

This paper presents gain scheduling of control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on the traffic condition. Electric assist control strategy (EACS) is employed with different parameters for different traffic conditions. The parameters of the EACS are optimized and scheduled for different traffic conditions of TEH-CAR driving cycle. TEH-CAR is a driving cycle which is developed based on the experimental data collected from the real traffic condition in the city of Tehran. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the fuel consumption and emissions over the driving cycle, while enhancing or maintaining the driving performance characteristics of the vehicle. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the optimization problem and the constraints are handled by using penalty functions. The results from the computer simulation show the effectiveness of the approach and reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, while ensuring that the vehicle performance is not sacrificed.

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