THE REFRACTIVE INDEX AT THE CENTER OF THE SURFACE OF PRESSURIZED DIAMOND ANVIL TIPS

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (15) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR L. RUOFF ◽  
KOUROS GHANDEHARI
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Sample Pressure

An expression for the variation of the refractive index of diamond with density is determined. This is used to show consistency between Brillouin scattering results obtained at atmospheric pressure and more recent direct measurements of the refractive index under hydrostatic pressure to 40 GPa. The stress distribution at the diamond anvil tip is then computed and the variation of the refractive index at the tip of the anvil is obtained. The refractive index at the tip is a slowly decreasing function of the sample pressure.

Improvement in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the freshwater eel acclimated to 10.1 MPa hydrostatic pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (19) ◽  
pp. 3019-3023
Author(s):  
M. Theron ◽  
F. Guerrero ◽  
P. Sebert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complexes ◽  
Complex Iv ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
Freshwater Eel

Previous studies have suggested that the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the freshwater eel (Anguilla anguilla) is increased after acclimation to high hydrostatic pressure. Analysis at atmospheric pressure of the respiratory chain complexes showed that, after 21 days at 10.1 MPa, the activity of complex II was decreased to approximately 50 % (P<0.01) of the control value and that cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity was significantly increased to 149 % of the control value (P<0.05). ADP/O ratios calculated from mitochondrial respiration measurements were significantly increased after acclimation to high hydrostatic pressure (2.87 versus 2.52, P<0.001) when measured in the presence of pyruvate plus malate at atmospheric pressure. These results clearly show an increased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in response to high-pressure acclimation.

Refractive index sensing based on Brillouin scattering in a micro fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 082013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Huang ◽  
Huojiao Sun ◽  
Hao Liang ◽  
Linghao Cheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for silica-enriched Earth’s lower mantle with ferrous iron dominant bridgmanite

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 27899-27905
Author(s):  
Izumi Mashino ◽  
Motohiko Murakami ◽  
Nobuyoshi Miyajima ◽  
Sylvain Petitgirard
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Lower Mantle ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Evolution Dynamics ◽  
Iron Bearing

Determination of the chemical composition of the Earth’s mantle is of prime importance to understand the evolution, dynamics, and origin of the Earth. However, there is a lack of experimental data on sound velocity of iron-bearing Bridgmanite (Brd) under relevant high-pressure conditions of the whole mantle, which prevents constraints on the mineralogical model of the lower mantle. To uncover these issues, we have conducted sound-velocity measurement of iron-bearing Brd in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) up to 124 GPa using Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. Here we show that the sound velocities of iron-bearing Brd throughout the whole pressure range of lower mantle exhibit an apparent linear reduction with the iron content. Our data fit remarkably with the seismic structure throughout the lower mantle with Fe2+-enriched Brd, indicating that the greater part of the lower mantle could be occupied by Fe2+-enriched Brd. Our lower-mantle model shows a distinctive Si-enriched composition with Mg/Si of 1.14 relative to the upper mantle (Mg/Si = 1.25), which implies that the mantle convection has been inefficient enough to chemically homogenize the Earth’s whole mantle.

Stresses Due to Internal Hydrostatic Pressure in Thin-Walled Vessels of Stream-Line Form

1944 ◽  
Vol 48 (408) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
A. M. Binnie ◽  
J. C. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stream Line ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Line Form ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Supporting Ring

Tanks in the form of a surface of revolution are sometimes employed for carrying fuel. The purpose of this paper is to show how the stresses, due to the internal hydrostatic pressure, in a shell of this kind can be calculated when the equation of the generating curve is given. The acceleration imposed on the shell and its contents will be assumed to be at right angles to the axis of revolution, hence shear as well as direct stresses are set up. It will be supposed that no longitudinal bulkheads are fitted, and the shell will be taken as very thin so that the bending stresses in it are negligible. No attempt will be made to examine the stress distribution in the neighbourhood of a relatively rigid supporting ring; as shown by Timoshenko these ‘ end effects ’ are appreciable only in the immediate vicinity of the support. Nor will the stability be considered of those portions of the shell which are subjected to compression. Thus attention will be confined to what are commonly described as the membrane stresses.

scholarly journals Thermo Physical Properties for Binary Mixture of Dimethylsulfoxide and Isopropylbenzene at Various Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Kumar ◽  
V. K. Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Excess Molar Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Kister Equation ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

Density, refractive index, speed of sound, and viscosity have been measured of binary mixture dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) + isopropylbenzene (CUMENE) over the whole composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From these experimental measurements the excess molar volume, deviations in viscosity, molar refractivity, speed of sound, and isentropic compressibility have been calculated. These deviations have been correlated by a polynomial Redlich-Kister equation to derive the coefficients and standard error. The viscosities have furthermore been correlated with two or three parameter models, that is, herric correlation and McAllister model, respectively.

Acoustic velocities and refractive index ofSiO2glass to 57.5 GPa by Brillouin scattering

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (18) ◽  
pp. 13105-13112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-sheng Zha ◽  
Russell J. Hemley ◽  
Ho-kwang Mao ◽  
Thomas S. Duffy ◽  
Charles Meade
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Acoustic Velocities

Flanged Acrylic Plastic Hemispherical Shells for Undersea Application

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Stachiw ◽  
J. R. Maison
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Elastic Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acrylic Plastic ◽  
Hemispherical Shells

The effects of an equatorial flange and a nonuniform wall thickness upon the critical pressure and stress distribution in acrylic plastic hemispheres have been investigated by experimental and analytical methods. Forty acrylic hemispheres were fabricated and tested to destruction under short term hydrostatic pressure applied on the convex surface. Dome apex displacements were obtained from each specimen and strains were obtained from a selected few. A finite element elastic analysis was performed on one window configuration for two different boundary conditions and the experimentally derived stresses were used to determine which boundary conditions was the best for analytical analysis.

Tensile fracture and fractographic analysis of 1045 spheroidized steel under hydrostatic pressure

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kao ◽  
H. A. Kuhn ◽  
O. Richmond ◽  
W. A. Spitzig
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Shear Crack ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Central Crack

Void formation in tensile test under hydrostatic pressure is characterized through quantitative metallography, and the fracture mechanism under pressure is analyzed by fractography. Transition of the fracture surface from the cup-and-cone under atmospheric pressure to a slant structure under high pressure is explained on the basis of the void development leading to fracture and the concomitant change in fracture mechanism. The concept of “shear blocks” is introduced to illustrate the features observed on the fracture surface of specimens tested under high pressure. It is postulated that shear blocks evolve to connect the central crack regions with the shear crack initiated on neck surface due to the severe necking deformation under applied pressure.

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