A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR EFFECTIVE BALL TRACKING

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 359-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOFENG TONG ◽  
TAO WANG ◽  
WENLONG LI ◽  
YIMIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Distance Graph ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Motion Speed ◽  
Ball Tracking ◽  
Object Level

A novel method is proposed to achieve robust and real-time ball tracking in broadcast soccer videos. In sports video, the soccer ball is small, often occluded, and with high motion speed. Thus, it is difficult to detect the sole ball in a single frame. To solve this problem, rather than locate the ball in one of several frames through detection or tracking, we find the ball through optimizing its motion trajectory in successive frames. The proposed method includes three level processes: object level, intra-trajectory level, and inter-trajectory level processing. In object level, multiple objects instead of a single ball are detected and all of them are taken as ball candidates through shape and color features identification. Then at intra-trajectory level, each ball candidate is tracked by a Kalman filter and verified by detection in successive frames, which results in lots of initial short trajectories in a video shot. These trajectories are thereafter scored and filtered according to their length and spatial-temporal relationship in a time-line model. With these trajectories, we construct a distance graph, in which a node represents a trajectory, and an edge means distance between two trajectories. We then get the optimal path using the Dijkstra algorithm in the graph at the inter-trajectory level. The optimal path is composed by a sequence of initial trajectories which make the whole route smooth and long in duration. To get a complete and reasonable path, we finally apply cubic spline interpolation to bridge the gap between adjacent trajectories (the duration corresponding to when the ball is occluded). We select three representative real FIFA2006 soccer video clips (containing a total of 16,500 frames) and manually elaborately labeling each frame in it, and take it as ground-truth to evaluate the algorithm. The average F-score is 80.59%. The algorithm was used in our soccer analysis system and tested on a wide range of real soccer videos, and all the results are satisfied. The algorithm is effective and its whole speed far exceeds real-time, 35.6 fps on mpeg2 data on the Intel Conroe platform.

RECENT EXPERIENCE FROM MULTIPLE REMOTE SENSING AND MONITORING TO IMPROVE OIL SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans V. Jensen ◽  
Jørn H. S. Andersen ◽  
Per S. Daling ◽  
Elisabeth Nøst
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Aerial Surveillance ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Introducing regular aerial surveillance in 1981 and near-real time radar satellite detection services in 1992, Norway has obtained a substantial experience in multi sensor oil spill remote sensing. Since 2001 NOFO has been a driving force in the development and utilization of ship-based sensors for short to medium range oil spill detection, supplementing airborne and satellite remote sensing. During the NOFO Oil On Water Exercise in 2006 two satellites, four aircraft, one helicopter and two ships carrying wide range of sensors provided a unique opportunity to assess and compare remote sensing field data synchronized with ground-truth sampling from three sampling MOB-boats. The sampling boats were equipped for doing oil slick thickness measurements and physical-chemical characterization of the surface oil properties. A new vessel-based dispersant application system was field tested executing dispersant treatment of two oil slicks while supported by live infrared video transmitted to the vessel from helicopter. The success of this experiment was documented by extensive monitoring and characterization of the surface oil and the dispersed oil plume during and after the dispersant treatment. This guiding technique, in using aerial forward looking IR-video live transmission from helicopter and remote sensing aircraft, has been practiced later during a recent accidental oil spill on the Norwegian continental shelf. To utilize multiple remote sensors operationally from a response vessel, it is necessary to compare signatures from different sensors in near real time. This paper describes core elements of the remote sensing and ground-truth monitoring during oil on water exercises in recent years, lessons learned and how NOFO will continue developing remote sensing operations related to oil spill combating in reduced visibility and light conditions.

scholarly journals Fast Ground Filtering of Airborne LiDAR Data Based on Iterative Scan-Line Spline Interpolation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez Sánchez ◽  
Álvaro Váquez Álvarez ◽  
David López Vilariño ◽  
Francisco Fernández Rivera ◽  
José Carlos Cabaleiro Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scan Line ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Over the last two decades, a wide range of applications have been developed from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. Most LiDAR-derived products require the distinction between ground and non-ground points. Because of this, ground filtering its being one of the most studied topics in the literature and robust methods are nowadays available. However, these methods have been designed to work with offline data and they are generally not well suited for real-time scenarios. Aiming to address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient method for ground filtering of airborne LiDAR data based on scan-line processing. In our proposal, an iterative 1-D spline interpolation is performed in each scan line sequentially. The final spline knots of a scan line are taken into account for the next scan line, so that valuable 2-D information is also considered without compromising computational efficiency. Points are labelled into ground and non-ground by analysing their residuals to the final spline. When tested against synthetic ground truth, the method yields a mean kappa value of 88.59% and a mean total error of 0.50%. Experiments with real data also show satisfactory results under visual inspection. Performance tests on a workstation show that the method can process up to 1 million points per second. The original implementation was ported into a low-cost development board to demonstrate its feasibility to run in embedded systems, where throughput was improved by using programmable logic hardware acceleration. Analysis shows that real-time filtering is possible in a high-end board prototype, as it can process the amount of points per second that current lightweight scanners acquire with low-energy consumption.

Database for Real-Time Loading Path Prediction for Tube Hydroforming Using Multidimensional Cubic Spline Interpolation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angshuman Ghosh ◽  
Karan Deshmukh ◽  
Gracious Ngaile
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Tube Hydroforming ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Loading Path ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Cubic Spline Interpolation ◽  
Loading Paths ◽  
Wide Range

Tube Hydroforming (THF) is a metal-forming process that uses a pressurized fluid in place of a hard tool to plastically deform a given tube into a desired shape. In addition to the internal pressure, the tube material is fed axially toward the die cavity. This process has various applications in the automotive, aerospace, and bicycle industries. Accurate coordination of the fluid pressure and axial feed, collectively referred to as a loading path, is critical to THF. Workable loading paths are currently determined by trial and error, which can be time consuming. This paper discusses an innovative technique for developing an interactive, real-time database that would be able to predict loading paths for typical classes of THF products and hence, reduce the computational time required. By classifying most of the commercial THF parts into families, parameters such as material properties, part geometry, and tribological factors were simulated by category and stored in the database. Multidimensional cubic spline interpolation was implemented to enable an end user to request from the database a loading path for a wide range of conditions. Test results from the database for different THF families were shown to approximate the simulated results. In addition, by reducing the computation time, the use of interpolation techniques eliminates the need for carrying out multiple simulations for similar THF parts.

scholarly journals Research on Real-Time Optimal Path Planning Model and Algorithm for Ship Block Transportation in Shipyard

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Jiabin Tao ◽  
Yongqing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
The Real ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Time Path ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithms

Special vehicles called transporters are used to deliver heavy blocks in the shipyard. With the development and application of information and communication technology in shipyards, the real-time positioning and ship blocks online scheduling system for transporters are being developed. The real-time path planning of transporters is important for maintaining the overall production schedule of ship blocks. Because of the large volume and heavy weight of ship blocks, there may be some problems, such as high energy consumption, block deformation and other security issues, when transporters loading a block make a turn. So, fewer turns of the transporters are also important to make a block transportation schedule. The minimum driving distance and fewer turns are considered simultaneously for transporter real-time path planning in this paper. A hybrid model considering the number of turns and the optimal path of the transporter is constructed. Moreover, the optimal scheduling model, considering path missing, is also discussed. Several shortest path algorithms are analyzed, which show that the Dijkstra algorithm is the best way to solve this model. From the attained simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm have the ability to effectively solve real-time path planning for the ship block transportation in shipyards.

scholarly journals Classification of unlabeled online media

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Conrad Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Real World ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThis work investigates the ability to classify misinformation in online social media networks in a manner that avoids the need for ground truth labels. Rather than approach the classification problem as a task for humans or machine learning algorithms, this work leverages user–user and user–media (i.e.,media likes) interactions to infer the type of information (fake vs. authentic) being spread, without needing to know the actual details of the information itself. To study the inception and evolution of user–user and user–media interactions over time, we create an experimental platform that mimics the functionality of real-world social media networks. We develop a graphical model that considers the evolution of this network topology to model the uncertainty (entropy) propagation when fake and authentic media disseminates across the network. The creation of a real-world social media network enables a wide range of hypotheses to be tested pertaining to users, their interactions with other users, and with media content. The discovery that the entropy of user–user and user–media interactions approximate fake and authentic media likes, enables us to classify fake media in an unsupervised learning manner.

scholarly journals COLREG-Compliant Optimal Path Planning for Real-Time Guidance and Control of Autonomous Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Raphael Zaccone
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Optimal Path Planning ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
And Control

While collisions and groundings still represent the most important source of accidents involving ships, autonomous vessels are a central topic in current research. When dealing with autonomous ships, collision avoidance and compliance with COLREG regulations are major vital points. However, most state-of-the-art literature focuses on offline path optimisation while neglecting many crucial aspects of dealing with real-time applications on vessels. In the framework of the proposed motion-planning, navigation and control architecture, this paper mainly focused on optimal path planning for marine vessels in the perspective of real-time applications. An RRT*-based optimal path-planning algorithm was proposed, and collision avoidance, compliance with COLREG regulations, path feasibility and optimality were discussed in detail. The proposed approach was then implemented and integrated with a guidance and control system. Tests on a high-fidelity simulation platform were carried out to assess the potential benefits brought to autonomous navigation. The tests featured real-time simulation, restricted and open-water navigation and dynamic scenarios with both moving and fixed obstacles.

A New Flexible Rapid Thermal Processing System

1995 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Saraswat ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
L. Degertekin ◽  
B. T. Khuri-Yakub
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Wafer Temperature ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Flux

ABSTRACTA highly flexible Rapid Thermal Multiprocessing (RTM) reactor is described. This flexibility is the result of several new innovations: a lamp system, an acoustic thermometer and a real-time control system. The new lamp has been optimally designed through the use of a “virtual reactor” methodology to obtain the best possible wafer temperature uniformity. It consists of multiple concentric rings composed of light bulbs with horizontal filaments. Each ring is independently and dynamically controlled providing better control over the spatial and temporal optical flux profile resulting in excellent temperature uniformity over a wide range of process conditions. An acoustic thermometer non-invasively allows complete wafer temperature tomography under all process conditions - a critically important measurement never obtained before. For real-time equipment and process control a model based multivariable control system has been developed. Extensive integration of computers and related technology for specification, communication, execution, monitoring, control, and diagnosis demonstrates the programmability of the RTM.

scholarly journals Distributed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy data reduction using Hadoop MapReduce

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
Roger Sersted ◽  
Nicholas Schwarz ◽  
Alec Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Multi-speckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a powerful technique for characterizing the dynamic nature of complex materials over a range of time scales. XPCS has been successfully applied to study a wide range of systems. Recent developments in higher-frame-rate detectors, while aiding in the study of faster dynamical processes, creates large amounts of data that require parallel computational techniques to process in near real-time. Here, an implementation of the multi-tau and two-time autocorrelation algorithms using the Hadoop MapReduce framework for distributed computing is presented. The system scales well with regard to the increase in the data size, and has been serving the users of beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source for near real-time autocorrelations for the past five years.

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