A GRAPHICS ACCELERATOR FOR HIDDEN SURFACE REMOVAL AND COLOR SHADING

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
SEONG-OK BAE ◽  
KYUNG-IL BANG ◽  
CHONG-MIN KYUNG
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Hidden Surface Removal ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
Fast Rendering ◽  
Binary Tree Structure ◽  
The Given ◽  
Linear Interpolator ◽  
Color Shading ◽  
Bit Serial

In this paper, we describe a special purpose hardware called ESEU (Expandable Shading Engine Unit) for fast rendering of 3-D scenes using Gouraud shading model. Each ESEU has three major functional blocks: linear interpolator, multipliers and Edge Painting Tree. Linear interpolator with coupled binary tree structure yields the functional values at all pixels within each zone (zone denotes the smallest interval which encompasses the given span and consists of 2n successive pixels in the x-direction, where n is some integer) by interpolating the functional values, such as z-depth values or color intensities, at the left and right end points of the zone which are calculated by the multipliers. Mask pattern for the removal of data for the pixels outside the original span but within the corresponding zone is generated by the Edge Painting Tree. Since there are no interconnections among ESEU’s, graphics system with any screen size can be easily built using a multitude of the prototype ESEU’s. A prototype ESEU in this work handles 64 pixels; therefore, 16 ESEU’s are required for screens having a 1024-pixel width. The bit-serial nature of the prototype ESEU is suitable for its VLSI implementation at a reasonable cost.

scholarly journals The Comparative Analysis of Higher School Students’ Conflictological Culture On The Basis Of Their Left-/Right- Handedness

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Olga Shsherbakova ◽  
Anna Tatarinceva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
European Council ◽  
School Students ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Integral Quality

<p><em>We face with different kinds of conflicts every day. The problem of the conflictological culture   of personality is urgent nowadays, because only a person with a highly developed level of the ability to avoid or successfully solve conflicts can succeed at work and in life-long learning. The European Council defined five key competences necessary for future specialists’ successful functioning in the contemporary society. The first place in this list was assigned for social competence as the ability to be responsible, able to take part in group decisions, avoid and resolve conflicts (The Symposium of the European Council. Brussels, 1996). The authors of the given research analyze the essence of the notions ”conflict”,  “conflictological culture”, as an integral quality of a person where the main stress is paid on its structural components’ content. They also  investigate different aspects of activities and psychophysiological development of left- and right-handedness of people. The empirical analysis conducted in the research presents the data obtained in the investigation  of the left- and right-handed students’ conflictological culture’s level. The Object of the research is the conflictological culture’s  level of students  at higher school. The Aim of the research is to investigate: 1) the essence of  the notions “ conflict”, “ conflictological  culture”, 2) the level of conflictological culture  of students of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> courses at  higher school on the basis of their left-/right—handedness. The Methods of the research are the following:1. Theoretical methods:The theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the given problem.2.Quantitative methods: questionnaires.3.The empirical analysis of obtained data.</em></p><p> </p>

Synthesizing Indoor Scene Layouts in Complicated Architecture Using Dynamic Convolution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Huikun Bi ◽  
Xiaolei Lv ◽  
Binqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Indoor Scene ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
The Given ◽  
Oriented Bounding Boxes

Synthesizing indoor scene layouts is challenging and critical, especially for digital design and gaming entertainment. Although there has been significant research on the indoor layout synthesis of rectangular-shaped or L-shaped architecture, there is little known about synthesizing plausible layouts for more complicated indoor architecture with both geometric and semantic information of indoor architecture being fully considered. In this paper, we propose an effective and novel framework to synthesize plausible indoor layouts in various and complicated architecture. The given indoor architecture is first encoded to our proposed representation, called InAiR, based on its geometric and semantic information. The indoor objects are grouped and then arranged by functional blocks, represented by oriented bounding boxes, using dynamic convolution networks based on their functionality and human activities. Through comparisons with other approaches as well as comparative user studies, we find that our generated indoor scene layouts for diverse, complicated indoor architecture are visually indistinguishable, which reach state-of-the-art performance.

Developing Function Structures of Engineering Systems Using C and X-Toolkit Intrinsics

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hundal ◽  
Louis D. Langholtz
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
C Programming Language ◽  
Unix Operating System ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
Object Oriented Approach ◽  
The Given ◽  
Function Structures

Abstract An interactive graphical program is described, which uses an object oriented approach for developing conceptual designs. The program is written in the C programming language and designed on a UNIX operating system. It starts with the specifications list, develops function structures and searches for solutions, for systems with mechanical, electrical/electronic, fluid and other components. It can be used for developing new and improving existing devices, systems and processes. Applications include any designs which can be described in terms of interconnected functional blocks with definable input and output parameters. By running the system, the variety of functional blocks can be tested to determine the optimal solution based on the given specifications. Designers will benefit from the pictorial representation; data-based functional and connective representation; and the generation and evaluation of concept variants. The use of the program is illustrated by an industrial design example.

Electroencephalographic Differences between Resting and Mental Multiplication

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Giannitrapani
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Mental Multiplication ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given

The average frequency of 30 sec. of EEG tracing for two states, resting and mental multiplication (thinking), was determined for 20 Ss by counting each visually detectable change in pen deflection regardless of amplitude. (1) Thinking gave higher average activity scores than resting. (2) The difference in average activity between thinking and resting was greatest in the two frontal and left temporal areas and it was significantly different from the differences in the other areas. (3) In the resting state there was a difference between left and right frontal and temporal areas (which increased while thinking) in contrast with a left-right symmetry of the other areas tested. These findings were interpreted as representing characteristic average activity for the areas and condiions tested and were offered as evidence for the differential utilization of brain areas in the given tasks.

scholarly journals THE FACTORS OF THE LATERAL ORIENTATION OF PORTRAITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Biljana Pejić ◽  
Bojana Škorc
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Lateral Orientation

This paper analyses the portraits` aesthetic experience from side perspectives, including left and right orientation. Research was conducted by performing two experiments. The first experiment included 40 participants, the second had 26 participants of both genders who were not trained in the field of fine arts. The stimuli were 12 reproductions of portraits, profile orientation, of models made by famous painters. All the portraits represented adult persons, of different genders (male or female), spatial orientation (left or right) of the model and form (original or inverted). The participants assessed the presented portraits without time limitation on six scales, which measured two dimensions of aesthetic experience: evaluation and activity.The results support the hypothesis claiming that left side orientation (looking to the left) is valued higher with female portraits, while right side orientation with male portraits is valued higher. It has also been shown that the given differences in estimation were stable, keeping values in the same trend when the portraits were being inverted along a vertical axis.

Open Service Field-Point of Service

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Service System ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Open Service ◽  
The Given ◽  
Service Field ◽  
Point Of Service

For service quality improvements in sightseeing areas, it is important to establish an Optimum Design Loop based upon the observation data rather than experience and intuition. Sightseeing areas provide services in terms of living taste and experiences for tourists. Therefore, basic data must be collected in the form of surveys to monitor tourists’ behaviors. However, a method to obtain such data quantitatively and continuously at a reasonable cost has not yet been established. In this paper, the author introduces Point of Service system for sightseeing areas for the given purpose. As an operative example, they report a field trial conducted at Kinosaki Hot Spring and demonstrate empirically that this method works effectively.

The three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated left- and right-handed forms of bacterial flagellar filaments from an identical serotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rotary Motor ◽  
Helical Parameters

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

Histological evaluation of cochlear hair cell damage from noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
R.V. Harrison ◽  
R.J. Mount ◽  
P. White ◽  
N. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cell ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Contralateral Ear

In studies which attempt to define the influence of various factors on recovery of hair cell integrity after acoustic trauma, an experimental and a control ear which initially have equal degrees of damage are required. With in a group of animals receiving an identical level of acoustic trauma there is more symmetry between the ears of each individual, in respect to function, than between animals. Figure 1 illustrates this, left and right cochlear evoked potential (CAP) audiograms are shown for two chinchillas receiving identical trauma. For this reason the contralateral ear is used as control.To compliment such functional evaluations we have devised a scoring system, based on the condition of hair cell stereocilia as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, which permits total stereociliar damage to be expressed numerically. This quantification permits correlation of the degree of structural pathology with functional changes. In this paper wereport experiments to verify the symmetry of stereociliar integrity between two ears, both for normal (non-exposed) animals and chinchillas in which each ear has received identical noise trauma.

The crystallography characteristic of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
Jiang Xishan
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Growth Step ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Fcc Structure ◽  
New Discovery

This paper reports the growth step pattern and morphology at equilibrium and growth states of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal on the wall of micro-voids in ZG25 cast steel by using scanning electron microscope. Seldom report was presented on the growth morphology and steppattern of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal.Fig.1 shows the front half of the polyhedron of(Mn,Fe)S single crystal,its central area being the square crystal plane,the two pairs of hexagons symmetrically located in the high and low, the left and right with a certain, angle to the square crystal plane.According to the symmetrical relationship of crystal, it was defined that the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal at equilibrium state is tetrakaidecahedron consisted of eight hexagonal crystal planes and six square crystal planes. The macroscopic symmetry elements of the tetrakaidecahedron correpond to Oh—n3m symmetry class of fcc structure,in which the hexagonal crystal planes are the { 111 } crystal planes group,square crystal plaits are the { 100 } crystal planes group. This new discovery of the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal provides a typical example of the point group of Oh—n3m.

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