scholarly journals Neutral baryonic systems with strangeness

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 1930009
Author(s):  
H. Garcilazo ◽  
A. Valcarce ◽  
J. Vijande
Keyword(s):  
Bound States ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Quasibound State ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
The Status

We review the status as regards to the existence of three- and four-body bound states made of neutrons and [Formula: see text] hyperons. For interesting cases, the coupling to neutral baryonic systems made of charged particles of different strangeness has been addressed. There are strong arguments showing that the [Formula: see text] system has no bound states. [Formula: see text] strong stable states are not favored by our current knowledge of the strangeness [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] baryon–baryon interactions. However, a possible [Formula: see text] quasibound state decaying to [Formula: see text] might exist in nature. Similarly, there is a broad agreement about the nonexistence of [Formula: see text] bound states. However, the coupling to [Formula: see text] states opens the door to a resonance above the [Formula: see text] threshold.

The champions' mitochondria: is it genetically determined? A review on mitochondrial DNA and elite athletic performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Eynon ◽  
María Morán ◽  
Ruth Birk ◽  
Alejandro Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Mtdna Variants

Aerobic ATP generation by the mitochondrial respiratory oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is a vital metabolic process for endurance exercise. Notably, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codifies 13 of the 83 polypeptides implied in the respiratory chain. As such, there is a strong rationale for identifying an association between mtDNA variants and “aerobic” (endurance) exercise phenotypes. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the association between mtDNA, nuclear genes involved in mitochondriogenesis, and elite endurance athletic status. Several studies in nonathletic people have demonstrated an association between certain mtDNA lineages and aerobic performance, characterized by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max). Whether mtDNA haplogroups are also associated with the status of being an elite endurance athlete is more controversial, with differences between studies arising from the different ethnic backgrounds of the athletic cohorts (Caucasian of mixed geographic origin, Asiatic, or East African).

scholarly journals GAMMA RAYS FROM CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 681-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASQUALE BLASI ◽  
STEFANO GABICI ◽  
GIANFRANCO BRUNETTI
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Magnetic Confinement ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Scale Structures

Clusters of galaxies and the large scale filaments that connect neighboring clusters are expected to be sites of acceleration of charged particles and sources of non-thermal radiation from radio frequencies to gamma rays. Gamma rays are particularly interesting targets of investigation, since they may provide precious information on the nature and efficiency of the processes of acceleration and magnetic confinement of hadrons within clusters of galaxies. Here we review the status of viable scenarios that lead to the production of gamma rays from large scale structures and are compatible with the multifrequency observations that are already available. We also discuss the possibility of detection of gamma rays with space-borne telescopes such as GLAST and ground based Cherenkov telescopes, and the physical information that may be gathered from such observations.

Social enterprise as poverty reducing strategy for women

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fotheringham ◽  
Chad Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of social enterprise as a strategy for poverty reduction for women. Design/methodology/approach – A literature synthesis on the topic was conducted and patterns, linkages and gaps were examined among key themes to identify how social enterprise can potentially serve as a poverty reduction strategy for women. Findings – The paper presents the findings in terms of specific factors contributing to women’s poverty and hypothesizes mechanisms through which social enterprises can mitigate or address these factors in practice. The paper organizes these findings in an integrative framework that highlights the need to ensure a solid policy foundation is in place before a number of key support mechanisms are enabled, which then facilitate specific types of work that can then grow in a sustainable manner. Research limitations/implications – While the mechanisms and proposed framework are based on the extant literature, additional empirical investigation is required. Practical implications – Women are disproportionately burdened by poverty and the framework presented provides a very practical tool to guide the design of new or diagnosing existing social enterprises targeting poverty reduction for women. Social implications – Without a strategic approach, the risk is either perpetuating the status quo, or worse, placing those women engaged in social enterprises in a worse financial and social position. Originality/value – There is limited research on the poverty reducing role of social enterprise for women and the proposed mechanisms and integrative framework presented provide a means of synthesizing our current knowledge while providing the basis for future investigations.

A Program for an Investigation of the Rudder-Torque Problem

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Karl E. Schoenherr
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Marine Engineers

Panel H-10 (Controllability) of The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Technical and Research Program was requested to undertake an investigation of existing uncertainties in pre-calculating rudder torque and lateral force. In order to become quickly familiar with the subject and prospects therein, the Panel commissioned the author of this paper to survey the status of current knowledge of the subject and prepare a report of the findings. In particular, this report was to identify the most promising approaches for future work leading to an ultimate solution of the problem and to include technical descriptions of proposed programs for an exhaustive investigation, all of which are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b Reperfusions

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3461-3471
Author(s):  
Johannes Kaesmacher ◽  
Johanna M. Ospel ◽  
Thomas R. Meinel ◽  
Grégoire Boulouis ◽  
Mayank Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stent Retrievers ◽  
Angiographic Result ◽  
Distal Vessel

In patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, achieving complete (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 3) rather than incomplete successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b) is associated with better functional outcome. Despite technical improvements, incomplete reperfusion remains the final angiographic result in 40% of patients according to recent trials. As most incomplete reperfusions are caused by distal vessel occlusions, they are potentially amenable to rescue strategies. While observational data suggest a net benefit of up to 20% in functional independence of incomplete versus complete reperfusions, the net benefit of secondary improvement from Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b to 3 reperfusion might differ due to lengthier procedures and delayed reperfusion. Current strategies to tackle distal vessel occlusions consist of distal (microcatheter) aspiration, small adjustable stent retrievers, and administration of intra-arterial thrombolytics. While there are promising reports evaluating those techniques, all available studies show relevant limitations in terms of selection bias, single-center design, or nonconsecutive patient inclusion. Besides an assessment of risks associated with rescue maneuvers, we advocate that the decision-making process should also include a consideration of potential outcomes if complete reperfusion would successfully be achieved. These include (1) a futile angiographic improvement (hypoperfused territory is already infarcted), (2) an unnecessary angiographic improvement (the patient would not have developed infarction if no rescue maneuver was performed), and (3) a successful rescue maneuver with clinical benefit. Currently there is paucity of data on how these scenarios can be predicted and the decision whether to treat or to stop in a patient with incomplete reperfusion involves many unknowns. To advance the status quo, we outline current knowledge gaps and avenues of potential research regarding this clinically important question.

scholarly journals Genomic Alterations and Their Implications on Survival in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer: Status Quo and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetu Mukherji ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Andreas Seeber
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Genomic Alterations ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of treatment according to genomic alterations is a standard approach in metastatic colorectal cancer but is only starting to have an impact in the earlier stages of the disease. The status of genes like KRAS, BRAF, and MMR has substantial survival implications, and concerted research efforts have revolutionized treatment towards precision oncology. In contrast, a genomic-based approach has not changed the adjuvant setting after curative tumor-resection in the daily routine so far. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding prognostic and predictive genomic biomarkers in patients with locally advanced nonmetastasized colorectal cancer. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on future challenges for a personalized adjuvant treatment approach in patients with colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Understanding Urinary Toxicity after Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: First Steps Forward

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Rancati ◽  
Federica Palorini ◽  
Cesare Cozzarini ◽  
Claudio Fiorino ◽  
Riccardo Valdagni
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Results ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Review Reports

One of the most relevant achievements of Professor Gianni Bonadonna was the implementation of the methodology of controlled clinical trials in medical oncology. It is valid for all cancer types, oncological disciplines and clinical endpoints, both survival and toxicity. This narrative review reports on the status of the current knowledge of the radiation-induced urinary syndrome after external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. In recent years, the syndrome has been the object of large-scale prospective observational trials specifically devoted to investigating the association of patient and treatment features with acute/late urinary toxicity. The first results of these trials allow initial attempts at predictive modeling, which can serve as a basis for the optimization of patient selection and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Myocardial infarction remodeling that progresses to heart failure: a signaling misunderstanding

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. H71-H79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Mouton ◽  
Osvaldo J. Rivera ◽  
Merry L. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right

After myocardial infarction, remodeling of the left ventricle involves a wound-healing orchestra involving a variety of cell types. In order for wound healing to be optimal, appropriate communication must occur; these cells all need to come in at the right time, be activated at the right time in the right amount, and know when to exit at the right time. When this occurs, a new homeostasis is obtained within the infarct, such that infarct scar size and quality are sufficient to maintain left ventricular size and shape. The ideal scenario does not always occur in reality. Often, miscommunication can occur between infarct and remote spaces, across the temporal wound-healing spectrum, and across organs. When miscommunication occurs, adverse remodeling can progress to heart failure. This review discusses current knowledge gaps and recent development of the roles of inflammation and the extracellular matrix in myocardial infarction remodeling. In particular, the macrophage is one cell type that provides direct and indirect regulation of both the inflammatory and scar-forming responses. We summarize current research efforts focused on identifying biomarker indicators that reflect the status of each component of the wound-healing process to better predict outcomes.

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