DEDSC: A Domain Expert Discovery Method Based on Structure and Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 583-599
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Wanli Zuo ◽  
Jiayu Han ◽  
Tao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Overlapping Communities ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
Information Combining ◽  
Content Semantics

Researchers usually extract domain experts only through analyzing network structure or partitioning users into several communities according to their label information. Combining structure and content to discovery domain experts is a new attempt. Motivated by that, this paper proposes a domain expert discovery method based on network structure and content semantics, called DEDSC, which can extract authority nodes in overlapping communities. To analyze the overall authority for each user in the social network, two definitions, structure authority value and content authority value, are proposed to evaluate the authority of users in different perspectives. Partitioning users into communities can make the results more accurate. Experimental results show that our proposed method can discover domain experts effectively. In addition, when we need to extract domain experts in a new test dataset, we do not need to re-train the data in the training dataset.

The domain expert perspective: A qualitative study into the views expressed in a standard-setting exercise on a language for specific purposes (LSP) test for health professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222110107
Author(s):  
Simon Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Language For Specific Purposes ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Test Criteria ◽  
Textual Features

This paper investigates what matters to medical domain experts when setting standards on a language for specific purposes (LSP) English proficiency test: the Occupational English Test’s (OET) writing sub-test. The study explores what standard-setting participants value when making performance judgements about test candidates’ writing responses, and the extent to which their decisions are language-based and align with the OET writing sub-test criteria. Qualitative data is a relatively under-utilized component of standard setting and this type of commentary was garnered to gain a better understanding of the basis for performance decisions. Eighteen doctors were recruited for standard-setting workshops. To gain further insight, verbal reports in the form of a think-aloud protocol (TAP) were employed with five of the 18 participants. The doctors’ comments were thematically coded and the analysis showed that participants’ standard-setting judgements often aligned with the OET writing sub-test criteria. An overarching theme, ‘Audience Recognition’, was also identified as valuable to participants. A minority of decisions were swayed by features outside the OET’s communicative construct (e.g., clinical competency). Yet, overall, findings indicated that domain experts were undeniably focused on textual features associated with what the test is designed to assess and their views were vitally important in the standard-setting process.

scholarly journals Formation of raiding parties for intergroup violence is mediated by social network structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12114-12119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glowacki ◽  
Alexander Isakov ◽  
Richard W. Wrangham ◽  
Rose McDermott ◽  
James H. Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
East African ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Social Network Position

Intergroup violence is common among humans worldwide. To assess how within-group social dynamics contribute to risky, between-group conflict, we conducted a 3-y longitudinal study of the formation of raiding parties among the Nyangatom, a group of East African nomadic pastoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare. We also mapped the social network structure of potential male raiders. Here, we show that the initiation of raids depends on the presence of specific leaders who tend to participate in many raids, to have more friends, and to occupy more central positions in the network. However, despite the different structural position of raid leaders, raid participants are recruited from the whole population, not just from the direct friends of leaders. An individual’s decision to participate in a raid is strongly associated with the individual’s social network position in relation to other participants. Moreover, nonleaders have a larger total impact on raid participation than leaders, despite leaders’ greater connectivity. Thus, we find that leaders matter more for raid initiation than participant mobilization. Social networks may play a role in supporting risky collective action, amplify the emergence of raiding parties, and hence facilitate intergroup violence in small-scale societies.

The social network structure of a semi-free roaming European bison herd (Bison bonasus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Ramos ◽  
Lola Manizan ◽  
Esther Rodriguez ◽  
Yvonne J.M. Kemp ◽  
Cédric Sueur
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social

On Design and Development of QLIFEX

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Expert System ◽  
C Language ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
Social Area

This article presents an architectural framework of an expert system in the social area domain, and describes the design and the process of development of the expert system. The designed system is intended for the evaluation of quality of life (QL). The development of expert system for quality of life evaluation is a new information technology derived from artificial intelligence research. The new expert system will contain knowledge about sets of factors and indicators, which may be used for quality of life measure, as followings: equal protection by the law; freedom from discrimination; right to be treated equally without regard to gender, race, language, religion, political beliefs, etc. Details of the expert system for quality of life evaluation, its basic modules, design and some implementation details are also explained. The system uses the vast database and the knowledge acquired from social experts. The system is being developed in C Language Integrated Production System CLIPS. The expert system, described in this paper, is called QLIFEX, and it has already been designed so it uses the same knowledge for the following function: to provide expert evaluation for quality of life in the social area. The knowledge for the expert system will be acquired from domain experts, texts and other related sources.

scholarly journals Ego-zones: non-symmetric dependencies reveal network groups with large and dense overlaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kudelka ◽  
Eliska Ochodkova ◽  
Sarka Zehnalova ◽  
Jakub Plesnik
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Overlapping Communities ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
First Case ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The existence of groups of nodes with common characteristics and the relationships between these groups are important factors influencing the structures of social, technological, biological, and other networks. Uncovering such groups and the relationships between them is, therefore, necessary for understanding these structures. Groups can either be found by detection algorithms based solely on structural analysis or identified on the basis of more in-depth knowledge of the processes taking place in networks. In the first case, these are mainly algorithms detecting non-overlapping communities or communities with small overlaps. The latter case is about identifying ground-truth communities, also on the basis of characteristics other than only network structure. Recent research into ground-truth communities shows that in real-world networks, there are nested communities or communities with large and dense overlaps which we are not yet able to detect satisfactorily only on the basis of structural network properties.In our approach, we present a new perspective on the problem of group detection using only the structural properties of networks. Its main contribution is pointing out the existence of large and dense overlaps of detected groups. We use the non-symmetric structural similarity between pairs of nodes, which we refer to as dependency, to detect groups that we call zones. Unlike other approaches, we are able, thanks to non-symmetry, accurately to describe the prominent nodes in the zones which are responsible for large zone overlaps and the reasons why overlaps occur. The individual zones that are detected provide new information associated in particular with the non-symmetric relationships within the group and the roles that individual nodes play in the zone. From the perspective of global network structure, because of the non-symmetric node-to-node relationships, we explore new properties of real-world networks that describe the differences between various types of networks.

AN OBJECT-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGING DOMAIN SPECIFIC THESAURI: SEMIAUTOMATIC THESAURUS CONSTRUCTION AND QUERY-BASED BROWSING

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 363-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAE HUN CHOI ◽  
JAE DONG YANG ◽  
DONG GILL LEE
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Boolean Queries

In this paper, we propose a new approach for managing domain specific thesauri, where object-oriented paradigm is applied to thesaurus construction and query-based browsing. The approach provides an object-oriented mechanism to assist domain experts in constructing thesauri; it determines a considerable part of relationship degrees between terms by inheritance and supplies the domain expert with information available from other parts of the thesaurus being constructed or already constructed. In addition to that, it enables domain experts to incrementally construct the thesaurus, since the automatically determined relationship degrees can be refined whenever a more sophisticated thesaurus is needed. It may minimize domain experts' burden caused by the exhaustive specification of individual relationship. This approach also provides a query-based browsing facility, which enables users to find desired thesaurus terms without tedious browsing in the thesaurus. A browsing query can be formulated with terms rather ambiguous, yet capable of deriving the desired terms. This browsing query is useful especially when users want precise results. In other words, it is useful when they want to use only thesaurus terms carefully selected in reformulating Boolean queries. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we fully implemented an object-based thesaurus system, which supports the semiautomatic thesaurus construction and the query-based browsing facility.

scholarly journals Cultural selection shapes network structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw0609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Smolla ◽  
Erol Akçay
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
The Social

Cultural evolution relies on the social transmission of cultural traits along a population’s social network. Research indicates that network structure affects information spread and thus the capacity for cumulative culture. However, how network structure itself is driven by population-culture co-evolution remains largely unclear. We use a simple model to investigate how populations negotiate the trade-off between acquiring new skills and getting better at existing skills and how this trade-off shapes social networks. We find unexpected eco-evolutionary feedbacks from culture onto social networks and vice versa. We show that selecting for skill generalists results in sparse networks with diverse skill sets, whereas selecting for skill specialists results in dense networks and a population that specializes on the same few skills on which everyone is an expert. Our model advances our understanding of the complex feedbacks in cultural evolution and demonstrates how individual-level behavior can lead to the emergence of population-level structure.

scholarly journals Exploiting Declarative Mapping Rules for Generating GraphQL Servers with Morph-GraphQL

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 785-803
Author(s):  
David Chaves-Fraga ◽  
Freddy Priyatna ◽  
Ahmad Alobaid ◽  
Oscar Corcho
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Software Engineer ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Mapping Rules ◽  
Alternative Approach

In the last decade, REST has become the most common approach to provide web services, yet it was not originally designed to handle typical modern applications (e.g. mobile apps). GraphQL was proposed to reduce the number of queries and data exchanged in comparison with REST. Since its release in 2015, it has gained momentum as an alternative approach to REST. However, generating and maintaining GraphQL resolvers is not a simple task. First, a domain expert has to analyze a dataset, design the corresponding GraphQL schema and map the dataset to the schema. Then, a software engineer (e.g. GraphQL developer) implements the corresponding GraphQL resolvers in a specific programming language. In this paper, we present an approach to exploit the information from mappings rules (relation between target and source schema) and generate a GraphQL server. These mapping rules construct a virtual knowledge graph which is accessed by the generated GraphQL resolvers. These resolvers translate the input GraphQL queries into the queries supported by the underlying dataset. Domain experts or software developers may benefit from our approach: a domain expert does not need to involve software developers to implement the resolvers, and software developers can generate the initial version of the resolvers to be implemented. We implemented our approach in the Morph-GraphQL framework and evaluated it using the LinGBM benchmark.

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