Na and Cl2 Interaction on it and 2H–TaSe2(0001) Surfaces

1998 ◽  
Vol 05 (05) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Papageorgopoulos ◽  
M. Kamaratos ◽  
V. Saltas ◽  
W. Jaegermann ◽  
C. Pettenkofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Partial Desorption ◽  
Radiation Measurements

In this paper we study the interaction of Cl 2 and Na on 1T– TaSe 2 and 2H– TaSe 2(0001) surfaces in the temperature range of 100–300 K. The experiments are performed in UHV with the use of LEED and SXPS by synchrotron radiation measurements. Deposition of Na on Cl 2-covered 1T– TaSe 2 at 100 K forms initially a [Formula: see text], which with increasing temperature to 300 K leads to NaCl formation. Adsorption of Cl 2 on Na-intercalated 1T and 2H– TaSe 2 surfaces at 100 K forms Cl 2 multilayers. The first Cl 2 layer, in contact with the substrate, interacts with the Na near the surface and forms [Formula: see text]. Warming up to 300 K leads to partial desorption of Cl 2, while the remaining chlorine interacts strongly with Na, causing the deintercalation of Na to the surface in the tendency to form NaCl. The intercalation–deintercalation process takes place across the van der Waals planes and it is much faster on 2H than on 1T– TaSe 2, which is attributed to the different crystal structure of 2H and 1T of TaSe 2.

Crystal structure of adamite at high temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zema ◽  
S. C. Tarantino ◽  
M. Boiocchi ◽  
A. M. Callegari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Expansion ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Linear Evolution ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractStructural modifications with temperature of adamite, Zn2(AsO4)(OH), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction up to dehydration and collapse of the crystal structure. In the temperature range 25–400°C, adamite shows positive and linear expansion. Axial thermal expansion coefficients, determined over this temperature range, are αa = 1.06(2) × 10–5 K–1, αb = 1.99(2) × 10–5 K–1, αc = 3.7(1) × 10–6 K–1 and αV = 3.43(3) × 10–5 K–1. Axial expansion is then strongly anisotropic with αa:αb:αc = 2.86: 5.38 : 1. Structure refinements of X-ray diffraction data collected at different temperatures allowed us to characterize the mechanisms by which the adamite structure accommodates variations in temperature. Expansion is limited mainly by edge sharing Zn(2) dimers along a and by edge sharing Zn(1) octahedra chains along c; on the other hand, connections of polyhedra along b, the direction of maximum expansion, is governed by corner sharing. Increasing temperature induces mainly an axial expansion of Zn(1) octahedron, which becomes more elongated, and no significant variations of the Zn(2) trigonal bipyramids and As tetrahedra. Starting from 400°C, deviation from a linear evolution of unit-cell parameters is observed, associated with some deterioration of the crystal, a sign of incipient dehydration. The process leads to the formation of Zn4(AsO4)2O.

Structural characterization of crystals of α-glycine during anomalous electrical behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Langan ◽  
Sax A. Mason ◽  
Dean Myles ◽  
Benno P. Schoenborn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Behaviour ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Molecular Layers

The crystal structure of α-glycine has been investigated in the temperature range 288–427 K using neutron diffraction. The molecular structure does not change significantly and the putative crystallographic phase transition associated with anomalous electrical behaviour in this temperature range is not observed. The unit cell expands anisotropically with increasing temperature, with the unique monoclinic b axis, corresponding to the stacking direction of molecular layers, changing the most. The increasing separation of antiferroelectric molecular layers with increasing temperature is driven by an increase in molecular libration about an axis that lies perpendicular to the b axis. There is also a weakening of the interlayer hydrogen bonds with temperature. These structural and dynamic changes will affect the response of molecular dipoles to an applied electric field and provide a possible mechanism for the anomalous electrical behaviour.

scholarly journals Cell mechanical properties of human breast carcinoma cells depend on temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Aermes ◽  
Alexander Hayn ◽  
Tony Fischer ◽  
Claudia Tanja Mierke
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Creep Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
Cell Mechanical Properties ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractThe knowledge of cell mechanics is required to understand cellular processes and functions, such as the movement of cells, and the development of tissue engineering in cancer therapy. Cell mechanical properties depend on a variety of factors, such as cellular environments, and may also rely on external factors, such as the ambient temperature. The impact of temperature on cell mechanics is not clearly understood. To explore the effect of temperature on cell mechanics, we employed magnetic tweezers to apply a force of 1 nN to 4.5 µm superparamagnetic beads. The beads were coated with fibronectin and coupled to human epithelial breast cancer cells, in particular MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were measured in a temperature range between 25 and 45 °C. The creep response of both cell types followed a weak power law. At all temperatures, the MDA-MB-231 cells were pronouncedly softer compared to the MCF-7 cells, whereas their fluidity was increased. However, with increasing temperature, the cells became significantly softer and more fluid. Since mechanical properties are manifested in the cell’s cytoskeletal structure and the paramagnetic beads are coupled through cell surface receptors linked to cytoskeletal structures, such as actin and myosin filaments as well as microtubules, the cells were probed with pharmacological drugs impacting the actin filament polymerization, such as Latrunculin A, the myosin filaments, such as Blebbistatin, and the microtubules, such as Demecolcine, during the magnetic tweezer measurements in the specific temperature range. Irrespective of pharmacological interventions, the creep response of cells followed a weak power law at all temperatures. Inhibition of the actin polymerization resulted in increased softness in both cell types and decreased fluidity exclusively in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blebbistatin had an effect on the compliance of MDA-MB-231 cells at lower temperatures, which was minor on the compliance MCF-7 cells. Microtubule inhibition affected the fluidity of MCF-7 cells but did not have a significant effect on the compliance of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, with increasing temperature, the cells became significant softer with specific differences between the investigated drugs and cell lines.

Refinement of the crystal structure of sieleckiite and revision of its symmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-922
Author(s):  
Peter Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Mineral

AbstractThe crystal structure of the copper aluminium phosphate mineral sieleckiite, Cu3Al4(PO4)2 (OH)12·2H2O, from the Mt Oxide copper mine, Queensland, Australia was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data utilizing synchrotron radiation. Sieleckiite has monoclinic rather than triclinic symmetry as previously reported and is space group C2/m with unit-cell parameters a = 11.711(2), b = 6.9233(14), c = 9.828(2) Å, β = 92.88(3)°, V = 795.8(3) Å3and Z = 2. The crystal structure, which has been refined to R1 = 0.0456 on the basis of 1186 unique reflections with Fo > 4σF, is a framework of corner-, edge- and face- sharing Cu and Al octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra.

Betaine arsenate, (CH3)3NCH2COO · D3AsO4: structure refinement using multiple-wavelength synchrotron radiation data

1997 ◽  
Vol 212 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kek ◽  
M. Grotepaß-Deuter ◽  
K. Fischer ◽  
K. Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Multiple Wavelength

AbstractThe crystal structure of deuterated betaine arsenate, (CHThe both paraelectric and ferroelastic room-temperature phase of betaine arsenate crystallizes in space group

NQR and Crystal Structure of 4,5-Dichloroimidazole, C3H2N2Cl2

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Qi Dou ◽  
Alarich Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Group D

AbstractThe two line 35Cl NQR spectrum of 4,5-dichloroimidazole was measured in the temperature range 77≦ T/K ≦ 389. The temperature dependence of the NQR frequencies conforms with the Bayer model and no phase transition is indicated in the curves v ( 35Cl)= f(T). Also the temperature coefficients of the 35Cl NQR frequencies are "normal". At 77 K the 35Cl NQR frequencies are 37.409 MHz and 36.172 MHz and at 389 K 35.758 MHz and 34.565 MHz. The compound crystallizes at room temperature with the tetragonal space group D44-P41212, Z = 8 molecules per unit cell; at 295 K : a = 684.2(5) pm, c = 2414.0(20) pm. The relations between the crystal structure and the NQR spectrum are discussed.

Influence of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity in Compacted Bentonite

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Cho ◽  
J. O. Lee ◽  
K. S. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Compacted Bentonite ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe hydraulic conductivities in water saturated bentonites at different densities were measured within temperature range of 20 to 80 °C. The results show that the hydraulic conductivities increase with increasing temperature. The hydraulic conductivities of bentonites at the temperature of 80 °C increase up to about 3 times as high as those at 20 °C. The measured values are in good agreement with those predicted. The change in viscosity of water with temperature contributes greatly to increase of hydraulic conductivity.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of Dimeric and Polymeric Gadolinium Trifluoroacetate Complexes

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela John ◽  
Alexander Rohde ◽  
Werner Urland
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Carboxylate Groups

The gadolinium(III) trifluoroacetates ((CH3)2NH2)[Gd(CF3COO)4] (1), ((CH3)3NH)[Gd(CF3 COO)4(H2O)] (2), Gd(CF3COO)3(H2O)3 (3) as well as Gd2(CF3COO)6(H2O)2(phen)3 · C2H5OH (4) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. These compounds crystallize in the space group P1̅ (No. 2, Z = 2) (1, 2 and 4) and P 21/c (No. 14, Z = 4) (3), respectively, with the following lattice constants 1: a = 884.9(2), b = 1024.9(2), c = 1173.1(2) pm, α = 105.77(2), β = 99.51(2), γ = 107.93(2)°; 2: a = 965.1(1), b = 1028.6(1), c = 1271.3(2) pm, α = 111.83(2), β = 111.33(2), γ = 90.44(2)°; 3: a = 919.6(2), b = 1890.6(4), c = 978.7(2) pm, β = 113.94(2)°; 4: a = 1286.7(8), b = 1639.3(8), c = 1712.2(9) pm, α = 62.57(6), β = 84.13(5), γ = 68.28(5)°. The compounds consist of Gd3+ ions which are bridged by carboxylate groups either to chains (1 and 2) or to dimers (3 and 4). In addition to the Gd3+ dimers, compound (4) also contains monomeric Gd3+ units. The magnetic behaviour of 2 and 3 was investigated in a temperature range of 1.77 to 300 K. The magnetic data for these compounds indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions

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