SCAPHOID FRACTURE IN THE ELDERLY: A REVIEW

Hand Surgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alsawadi ◽  
Jeremy Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scaphoid Fracture ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
The Subject

Although scaphoid fractures are relatively common encounters in orthopaedic and trauma surgery, the demographics of these injuries are not well studied. The classical teaching in the subject limits scaphoid fractures in the age between ten and 60 years (or 70 years in other sources). The incidence or the prevalence of scaphoid fractures in the elderly population is not focused on and not studied or explored. We reviewed the literature for any available epidemiological studies of scaphoid fractures. We also sought the available data of scaphoid fractures in the elderly population in case series and case reports which have relevant data on the subject. Four epidemiological studies, two case series, and one case report are included. We discuss the available data in these articles and conclude that scaphoid fractures in the elderly, although rare, have been reported. However, there are not enough epidemiological studies to draw figures. Ignorance of this proportion of population could result in missed fractures in the elderly. Therefore, we encourage researchers to carry out epidemiological studies of scaphoid fractures with more focus on this population group.

scholarly journals Higher Body Mass Index is an Important Risk factor in COVID-19 patients: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Singh Malik ◽  
Ravindra Khaiwal ◽  
Savita Verma Attri ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Bhadada ◽  
Meenu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Globally, both obesity and underweight are severe health risks for various diseases. The current study systematically examines the emerging evidence to identify an association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and COVID-19 disease outcome. Methods: Online literature databases (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Medrixv and BioRixv) were screened following standard search strategy having the appropriate keyword such as Obesity, Underweight, BMI, Body Mass Index, 2019-nCov, COVID-19, novel coronavirus, coronavirus disease. Studies published till 20th April 2020 were included without language restriction. These studies include case reports, case series, cohort, and any other which reported BMI, overweight/obesity or underweight, and its complication with COVID-19 disease. Findings: Obesity plays a significant part in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients, though the role of BMI in the COVID-19 pandemic must not be ignored. Interpretation: Consequences of inflammation of adipose tissue has been reported as a leading cause of insulin resistance and hypertension due to metabolic dysfunction. The results of the current study show that BMI plays a significant role in COVID-19 severity in all ages, especially the elderly population. A panel should review COVID-19 patients with higher BMI and other co-morbidities, and they should be given increased vigilance, testing priority, and therapy. Further, the COVID-19 patients whose illness entered 7-10 days, age >50 yrs, and elevated CRP levels should have additional medical considerations. Recommendation: Population and patients with high BMI have moderate to high risk of medical complications with COVID-19, and hence their health status should be monitored more frequently. Keywords: Age, BMI, COVID-19, Obesity.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Percutaneous Sacroplasty for Sacral Insufficiency Fractures: Case Series and Review of Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Clark ◽  
Devang Butani
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Open Reduction Internal Fixation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fractures

Sacral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) are a cause of debilitating low back pain that is often difficult to diagnosis and manage. The diagnosis of SIF is often delayed due to inaccurately attributing symptoms to spondylosis, which is a commonly present in the elderly population where SIFs are most prevalent. Historically, treatment consisted of medical management and open reduction internal fixation reserved for severe cases. However, percutaneous sacroplasty has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option which provides early pain relief without significant complications. The objective of this article is to raise awareness of SIFs and percutaneous sacroplasty as an effective and safe treatment method.

Some Calculations on the Prevalence of Dementia in Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Jeans ◽  
E. Helmes ◽  
H. Merskey ◽  
J. Mcd. Robertson ◽  
K.A. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽  
Institutionalized Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

The epidemiology of dementia in Canada is not known. However, we report figures on the frequency of dementia in institutions in Ontario based upon the use of a multidimensional observation scale for the assessment of the elderly. These findings on institutionalized patients can be extrapolated to the whole elderly population, but the procedure is clearly too conservative by comparison with findings in other countries and in the light of the known occurrence of numbers of demented patients outside institutions. Ratios in different sutidies for the numbers of patients with dementia outside institutions and within institutions range from 1:1 to 6:1. Using a ratio of 2:1 and applying it to age specific population figures, a prevalence of dementia in Canada of 222,324 for those over 65 is obtained with a rate of 9.4% in that age group. When the figures projected in this way are compared with five epidemiological studies for the rate of dementia elsewhere, the Canadian figure which we have obtained ranks fourth out of six. This estimate provides potential figures on which to base the planning of services, provided that the inferential nature of the estimates is fully recognized.

scholarly journals Pediatric Scaphoid Nonunions: A Case Series, Review of the Literature, and Evidence-Based Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 002-012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Oestreich ◽  
Tatiana Umata Yoko Jacomel ◽  
Sami Hassan ◽  
Maxim David Horwitz ◽  
Tommy Roger Lindau
Keyword(s):  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Scaphoid Fracture ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Scaphoid fractures represent less than 3% of hand and wrist fractures in the pediatric population. Nonunions are very rare. We present a case series (n = 18) of nonunions in skeletally immature children and adolescents. We further present a review of the literature on pediatric scaphoid nonunions. Materials and Methods We reviewed the literature by searching the main databases on pediatric scaphoid nonunions, but to identify factors that lead to nonunion, we also searched for databases on scaphoid fractures. Seventy articles were found for the period between 1961 and 2019, all with level 4/5 evidence. Results The nonunion rate of pediatric scaphoid fractures in the literature is on average 1.5%, occurring mostly as a result of missed or underdiagnosed injuries, similar to our presented case series. Half (n = 9) of the injuries in our case series were missed initial injuries, leading to scaphoid nonunions and half developed nonunions after initial treatment. We found excellent outcomes and with surgical and nonoperative management, with few complications. Not surprisingly, the duration of immobilization is longer with nonoperative management. Conclusions Based on the literature, we recommend a period of nonoperative management before surgery in undisplaced nonunions. In displaced nonunions, open reduction and internal fixation ± bone grafting is necessary. In pediatric scaphoid fractures, similar to adult cases, we identified that suspicious scaphoid fractures should be considered for initial immobilization, and repeat X-rays and early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans should be considered at follow-up. Immobilization time and type of plaster should be appropriate in relation to the fracture site, similar to the adult scaphoid fracture. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.

Headache

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
GJF Saldanha ◽  
CG Clough ◽  
N Ward
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
One Year

Little is known about the frequency of headache in the elderly population as few epidemiological studies have been carried out. In one year in the USA, 70% of the general population had a headache, 5% of whom sought medical attention. In a large population-based study carried out in East Boston, US, some 17% of patients over 65 yrs of age reported frequent headache, with 53% of women and 36% of men reporting headache in the previous year.

scholarly journals Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia López-Ramírez ◽  
Lionel Suarez Valdivia ◽  
Jose Rodríguez Portal
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and most lethal type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. It is a chronic, aging-associated lung disease characterized by fibrotic foci and inflammatory infiltrates, with no cure and very limited therapeutic options. Although its etiology is unknown, several pathogenic pathways have been described that could explain this process, involving aging, environmental factors, genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, and altered intercellular communication. One of the main prognostic factors for the development of IPF in broad epidemiological studies is age. The incidence increases with age, making this a disease that predominantly affects the elderly population, being exceptional under 45 years of age. However, the degree to which each of these mechanisms is involved in the etiology of the uncontrolled fibrogenesis that defines IPF is still unknown. Clarifying these questions is crucial to the development of points of intervention in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review briefly summarizes what is known about each possible etiological factor, and the questions that most urgently need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Overflow diarrhea and acute kidney injury as a presentation of fecal impaction that led to obstructive uropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Dhara Dave
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fecal Impaction ◽  
Elderly Male

Fecal impaction is a known complication of chronic constipation and is particularly bothersome in the elderly population. Common complications of fecal impaction include hemorrhoids, megacolon, overflow diarrhea, and obstructive uropathy among others. Many case reports have been reported with fecal impaction and obstructive uropathy though none have reported overflow diarrhea as a presentation. In this case report, we present an elderly male who came in with overflow diarrhea and acute kidney injury that resulted from fecal impaction that caused obstructive uropathy. He was managed with catharsis and early recognition of the condition led to a good outcome. Recognition and management of fecal impaction can be challenging especially in patients who present with diarrhea. We, therefore, outline and discuss the importance of recognition of overflow diarrhea as a complication of fecal impaction and the management of such patients.

Normalized Cross-Correlation of Subsequent Strides for Evaluation of Walking Stability

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Wen Feng Lu ◽  
Han Tong Loh ◽  
Yoke San Wong ◽  
Fook Rhu Ong
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Normalized Cross Correlation ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

Evaluation of walking stability is essential for the elderly population to prevent possible falls due to degradation of their walking stability caused by aging. Previous studies mainly focused on center of pressure (COP) and center of body mass (COM) and their relationship during walking. However COM can not be directly measured and existing COP parameters are mainly investigated within one stride and their effectiveness is not conclusive. In this study, new parameters are proposed based on normalized cross-correlation of subsequent strides (NCSS), derived from comparison of subsequent strides of foot plantar pressure. The mean and standard deviation of NCSS are calculated for three walking conditions that are progressively less stable (1 - normal walking, 2 - walking with eyes closed, and 3 - walking with eyes closed after being spun around) for six healthy subjects. Results show that the NCSS can effectively distinguish normal walking (1) and the less stable walking with eyes closed after being spun around (3). The mean of NCSS decreases from stable to less stable walking conditions, whereas the corresponding standard deviation of NCSS increases. For each subject the value of NCSS of walking with eyes closed (2) is between those of the other two walking conditions (1 and 3), although the value varies somewhat, depending on the controllability and adaptability of the subject.

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