THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TIBIOTALAR JOINT OF INTACT MALE FEET UNDER UNLOADED AND AXIAL-LOADED CONDITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450012
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nozaki ◽  
Keigo Taniguchi ◽  
Kota Watanabe ◽  
Masaki Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Tibiotalar Joint ◽  
Rotational Orientation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: We investigated the distribution of three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint in intact feet under axial loading and categorized them according to the combinations of the three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint as three-dimensional (3D) rotational patterns. Methods: The differences in rotational orientation of the talus relative to the tibia under unloaded and axial-loaded conditions were calculated from the 3D models of the tibiotalar joint that were reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) images in 27 intact male feet. Results: In the sagittal plane, the talus rotated into plantarflexion in 63% of the feet and into dorsiflexion in 30%. In the coronal plane, the talus rotated into inversion in 37% of the feet and into eversion in 33%. In the transverse plane, the talus rotated into adduction in 85% of the feet and into abduction in 4%. A total of 10 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns were observed under axial loading. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 10 tibiotalar joint rotational patterns (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns under axial loading were consolidated into 10 directions, which provides insight into the subject-specific kinematics of the tibiotalar joint.

scholarly journals Put Some Guts into It: Intestinal Organoid Models to Study Viral Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés García-Rodríguez ◽  
Adithya Sridhar ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
Katja C. Wolthers
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Insight Into

The knowledge about enteric viral infection has vastly increased over the last eight years due to the development of intestinal organoids and enteroids that suppose a step forward from conventional studies using cell lines. Intestinal organoids and enteroids are three-dimensional (3D) models that closely mimic intestinal cellular heterogeneity and organization. The barrier function within these models has been adapted to facilitate viral studies. In this review, several adaptations (such as organoid-derived two-dimensional (2D) monolayers) and original intestinal 3D models are discussed. The specific advantages and applications, as well as improvements of each model are analyzed and an insight into the possible path for the field is given.

scholarly journals Kinematic gait analysis of a young man after amputation of the toes

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Forczek ◽  
Tadeusz Ruchlewicz ◽  
Anna Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Partial Amputation ◽  
The Subject

Summary Study aim: the foot is recognised as a “functional unit” with two important aims: to support body weight and to serve as a lever to propel the body forward. When it is impaired, the locomotor pattern has to adapt to compensate for the dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate gait kinematics of a man after bilateral partial amputation of the toes. Material and methods: the subject of the study was a young man aged 30 years (body height and mass: 186 cm, 82 kg) who suffered a frostbite injury in the feet while climbing in the severe mountain conditions. After a few months of treatment, the necessary amputation occurred. Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics was collected from motion capture system (Vicon 250) and Golem marker set-up using 5 video-based cameras with infrared strobes. The subject performed over-ground walking at self-selected speed, first barefoot, then wearing athletic shoes. Results: the patient’s results are the mean values of sixteen full gait cycles. The spatiotemporal parameters were lower during gait without shoes. In terms of the angular changes of the lower limb joints in sagittal plane, the analysis revealed similar functional patterns and typical trends in both recorded conditions. The differences, however, occurred in their amplitude. A larger range of motion was generally noted in shod conditions. The higher the joint was, the smaller the differences were. Conclusion: changes in gait due to the forefoot dysfunction may be stabilizing adaptations related to fear of falling. Footwear provided more stable conditions.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Curvature of the Femoral Canal in 426 Chinese Femurs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yun Su ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Jing-Xin Zhao ◽  
Li-Cheng Zhang ◽  
An-Hua Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Banking Angle ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Purpose. The human femur has long been considered to have an anatomical anterior curvature in the sagittal plane. We established a new method to evaluate the femoral curvature in three-dimensional (3D) space and reveal its influencing factors in Chinese population. Methods. 3D models of 426 femurs and the medullary canal were constructed using Mimics software. We standardized the positions of all femurs using 3ds Max software. After measuring the anatomical parameters, including the radius of femoral curvature (RFC) and banking angle, of the femurs using the established femur-specific coordinate system, we analyzed and determined the relationships between the anatomical parameters of the femur and the general characteristics of the population. Results. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that there were positive correlations between the RFC and height (r=0.339, p<0.001) and the femoral length and RFC (r=0.369, p<0.001) and a negative correlation between the femoral length and banking angle (r=-0.223, p<0.001). Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that the most relevant factors for the RFC and banking angle were the femoral length and gender, respectively. Conclusions. This study concluded that the banking angle of the femur was significantly larger in female than in male.

scholarly journals A review and guide to creating patient specific 3D printed anatomical models from MRI for benign gynecologic surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa E. Flaxman ◽  
Carly M. Cooke ◽  
Olivier X. Miguel ◽  
Adnan M. Sheikh ◽  
Sukhbir S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Background Patient specific three-dimensional (3D) models can be derived from two-dimensional medical images, such as magnetic resonance (MR) images. 3D models have been shown to improve anatomical comprehension by providing more accurate assessments of anatomical volumes and better perspectives of structural orientations relative to adjacent structures. The clinical benefit of using patient specific 3D printed models have been highlighted in the fields of orthopaedics, cardiothoracics, and neurosurgery for the purpose of pre-surgical planning. However, reports on the clinical use of 3D printed models in the field of gynecology are limited. Main text This article aims to provide a brief overview of the principles of 3D printing and the steps required to derive patient-specific, anatomically accurate 3D printed models of gynecologic anatomy from MR images. Examples of 3D printed models for uterine fibroids and endometriosis are presented as well as a discussion on the barriers to clinical uptake and the future directions for 3D printing in the field of gynecological surgery. Conclusion Successful gynecologic surgery requires a thorough understanding of the patient’s anatomy and burden of disease. Future use of patient specific 3D printed models is encouraged so the clinical benefit can be better understood and evidence to support their use in standard of care can be provided.

scholarly journals Amphitheater of Volterra: Case Study for the Representation of Excavation Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Carlo Battini ◽  
Elena Sorge
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Digital Projection

The work presented wants to show how different techniques of expeditious relief can be combined together in order to better describe the subject studied. Techniques of digital projection as laser scanner, topography and Structure from Motion can be used simultaneously and interact with each other to create a rich database of colorimetric and metrics information. Methodologies that, at the same time, present the peculiarities and errors of peculiar relief of the technology employed.The case study examined in this type of research is the discovery of the amphitheater of Volterra. Discovered in July 2015 during the phases of reclamation of a stream, is located close to Porta Diana and a few hundred meters from the Roman Theater discovered in the last century. An excavation campaign undertaken Between October and November 2015 has allowed us to bring to light the crests of the supporting walls of the structure, revealing the presence of the three orders and a depth of about ten meters.The step of post processing has finally seen the use of three-dimensional models acquired both for the creation of images metrics necessary to the study of the stratigraphic units, both for studying a mobile application, 3D models and data of the excavation, easy to use for transmitting the information collected.  

Archaeological Heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Inglese ◽  
Mario Docci ◽  
Alfonso Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective Representation

Architects have been involved in the task of representing archaeology and archaeological sites for many years now. Their objective has invariably been to make the reading of the artifact more detailed and accurate to scholars of archaeology. The advent of informatics brought a significant step forward in the domain of representation in this field. To recall that representation of archaeology should restore artifacts of which only fragments of walls remain, often in ruin and with degraded surfaces which often do not follow the geometry of the original artifact any longer. Therefore, in order to obtain objective representation with a highly detailed documentation of the state of the surfaces, three dimensional methodologies of digitalization were applied, ones that made it possible to construct 3D models. Addressed in this chapter is the problem of how to communicate architectonic archaeology with virtual instruments. The subject researched includes both very well-preserved examples as well as ones of which merely vestiges remain.

scholarly journals Information Recall in Pre-Operative Consultation for Glioma Surgery Using Actual Size Three-Dimensional Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Sümeyye Sezer ◽  
Vitoria Piai ◽  
Roy P.C. Kessels ◽  
Mark ter Laan
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Glioma Surgery ◽  
Information Recall ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Cohen's D

Three-dimensional (3D) technologies are being used for patient education. For glioma, a personalized 3D model can show the patient specific tumor and eloquent areas. We aim to compare the amount of information that is understood and can be recalled after a pre-operative consult using a 3D model (physically printed or in Augmented Reality (AR)) versus two-dimensional (2D) MR images. In this explorative study, healthy individuals were eligible to participate. Sixty-one participants were enrolled and assigned to either the 2D (MRI/fMRI), 3D (physical 3D model) or AR groups. After undergoing a mock pre-operative consultation for low-grade glioma surgery, participants completed two assessments (one week apart) testing information recall using a standardized questionnaire. The 3D group obtained the highest recall scores on both assessments (Cohen’s d = 1.76 and Cohen’s d = 0.94, respectively, compared to 2D), followed by AR and 2D, respectively. Thus, real-size 3D models appear to improve information recall as compared to MR images in a pre-operative consultation for glioma cases. Future clinical studies should measure the efficacy of using real-size 3D models in actual neurosurgery patients.

Three-Dimensional Fetal Cephalometry

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
G., Bettega ◽  
M. Chenin ◽  
H., Sadek ◽  
P. Cinquin ◽  
J. Lebeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatial Exploration ◽  
Reproducible Analysis ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Reproducible Manner

Craniofacial growth has been the subject of numerous studies in which different techniques have been elaborated aiming to model this dynamic phenomenon in a rational manner. One of the methods employed is cephalometric analysis applied to the fetus. Generally, however, these studies are confined to the exploration of a single spatial plane (sagittal plane), whose orientation is never defined in a rigorous and perfectly reproducible manner. Thus, none of these analyses offers a formal growth model. This has led us to propose a new method of fetal cephalometric study taking into account criteria for proper reproducible analysis: spatial exploration of the head performed through three-dimensional tomodensitometric images and precise location of landmarks and reproducibility of the orientation of each image, which is assured by reference to the vestibular orientation (based on the external semicircular canals), as has been described by Girard and Perez and further developed by Fenart. When the labyrinth is developed, this orientation does not change during the growth stages of the head, even with craniofacial deformities. This permits application of this orientation on fetuses and the superposition of images of different subjects. The methodology is presented using two normal human fetuses, and the advantages of this computerized tool are discussed.

Fusion of CT and MR 3D Models in Patients with Brain Tumours

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 546-554
Author(s):  
I. Tsitouridis ◽  
G. Tezapsidis ◽  
A. Manolitsas ◽  
F. Goutsaridou ◽  
P. Papapostolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Movement Artifacts ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ct And Mri

We describe the process we use fuse CT and MRI images in patients with brain tumours and evaluate the utility of the fused 3D models. We scanned 11 patients with various brain tumours using both CT and MRI. CT and MR images were registered using an automatic algorithm. The images from CT were segmented and three dimensional models of the bone structures were produced. The images from MRI were segmented and three dimensional models of brain only and tumour only were produced. The three dimensional models were fused into one model which included bone structures from CT and brain and tumor from MRI. The registration and fusion of 3D models was completed successfully. in ten patients. Registration was unsuccessful in one patient due to movement artifacts in MR images. The fused 3D models were better at depicting the relationship between bone, brain and lesion than conventional display of different imaging modalities alone. This information can be used in daily clinical practice such as radiotherapy treatment planning or surgery or in basic clinical research.

scholarly journals Accuracy of 3D Cartilage Models Generated From MR Images Is Dependent on Cartilage Thickness: Laser Scanner Based Validation of In Vivo Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungbum Koo ◽  
Nicholas J. Giori ◽  
Garry E. Gold ◽  
Chris O. Dyrby ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Mr Image ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Cartilage morphology change is an important biomarker for the progression of osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of in vivo cartilage thickness measurements from MR image-based 3D cartilage models using a laser scanning method and to test if the accuracy changes with cartilage thickness. Three-dimensional tibial cartilage models were created from MR images (in-plane resolution of 0.55 mm and thickness of 1.5 mm) of osteoarthritic knees of ten patients prior to total knee replacement surgery using a semi-automated B-spline segmentation algorithm. Following surgery, the resected tibial plateaus were laser scanned and made into 3D models. The MR image and laser-scan based models were registered to each other using a shape matching technique. The thicknesses were compared point wise for the overall surface. The linear mixed-effects model was used for statistical test. On average, taking account of individual variations, the thickness measurements in MRI were overestimated in thinner (<2.5 mm) regions. The cartilage thicker than 2.5 mm was accurately predicted in MRI, though the thick cartilage in the central regions was underestimated. The accuracy of thickness measurements in the MRI-derived cartilage models systemically varied according to native cartilage thickness.

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