SOLUBLE CARBON NANOTUBES: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAOTOSHI NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
High Potentials ◽  
Selective Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Micelles

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been in the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties and specific functions. CNTs have high potentials for possible applications in the fields of energy, electronics, IT, and materials. However, because of the insolubility of the nanotubes in solvents, chemical, biochemical, and biological (medical) approaches using these materials have been rather limited. Soluble CNTs in aqueous and organic systems are of interests since they may open the door in such fields. In this review article, (i) the dissolution of CNTs in water and in organic solvents by using chemical modification and physical adsorption and their applications to chemical and biological areas, (ii) separation of metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs by the combination of individual dissolution of SWNTs and the selective chemical modification, (iii) the preparation of nanotube films and fibers from dissolved/dispersed SWNTs in aqueous micelles, and (iv) CNT liquid crystal formation are summarized.

Dispersion Improvement of Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy Resin Using Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Claude Courbaron Gilbert ◽  
Nour-Eddine El Bounia ◽  
Eve Péré ◽  
Laurent Billon ◽  
Christophe Derail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Controlled Radical Polymerization ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization ◽  
Dispersion Quality

Interface between Carbon NanoTubes (CNT) and epoxy matrix is admitted to play an important role in the dispersion quality and in the mechanical stress transfer. To improve the interfacial adhesion, we propose to chemically graft molecules onto CNT surface. To achieve this chemical modification, a controlled radical polymerization, named Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization NMP, is used to synthesize a diblock copolymer based on Acrylic Acid (PAA block) and Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA block). In the present paper, this polymerization is performed “in situ”. The PAA block presents a good affinity with the CNT which enable grafting. The PMMA miscibility with epoxy is expected to give a good adhesion - between the CNT and the matrix - and to bring a better dispersion. In order to compare the chemical modification and the physical adsorption of the copolymers onto CNT dispersion, the same block copolymer was synthesized with and without CNT. The copolymer synthesis was controlled and characterized by different methods as NMR 1H (conversion and composition), SEC (molecular weight) and TGA (grafting density). We show that the better dispersion quality and better physical properties have been obtained with grafted CNT.

scholarly journals Application of Advanced Nanomaterials for Kidney Failure Treatment and Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2939
Author(s):  
Aziz Eftekhari ◽  
Solmaz Maleki Dizaj ◽  
Elham Ahmadian ◽  
Agata Przekora ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Drug Solubility ◽  
Failure Treatment

The implementation of nanomedicine not only provides enhanced drug solubility and reduced off-target adverse effects, but also offers novel theranostic approaches in clinical practice. The increasing number of studies on the application of nanomaterials in kidney therapies has provided hope in a more efficient strategy for the treatment of renal diseases. The combination of biotechnology, material science and nanotechnology has rapidly gained momentum in the realm of therapeutic medicine. The establishment of the bedrock of this emerging field has been initiated and an exponential progress is observed which might significantly improve the quality of human life. In this context, several approaches based on nanomaterials have been applied in the treatment and regeneration of renal tissue. The presented review article in detail describes novel strategies for renal failure treatment with the use of various nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes, nanofibrous membranes), mesenchymal stem cells-derived nanovesicles, and nanomaterial-based adsorbents and membranes that are used in wearable blood purification systems and synthetic kidneys.

Chemical modification of waste oil fly ash for improved mechanical and thermal properties of low density polyethylene composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2275-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad J. Khan ◽  
Abdulhadi A. Al-Juhani ◽  
Reyad Shawabkeh ◽  
Anwar Ul-Hamid ◽  
Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Oil Fly Ash ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

Effect of Expanded Temperature on Microstructure of Carbon Nanotubes/Expanded Graphite Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xin Bao Gao ◽  
Tian Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Graphite Flake ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotube/expanded graphite composite material was prepared by expanding the mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and expansible graphite under the condition of high temperature. The microstructure and composition was studied by using SEM and XRD. The study shows that the tubular structure of carbon nanotubes in the composite material is changed by high temperature expanding process, and the microstructure is different with different expanding temperature. When the expanding temperature was 900°C, carbon nanotubes transformed, then attached to the surface of expanded graphite flake, so carbon nanotubes and expanding graphite combined strongly; globular carbon nanotubes attached to the surface of expanded graphite flake at the temperature of 700°C, both were combined much more strongly; carbon nanotubes retained the tube structure at the temperature of 500°C, combination was looser due to the simple physical adsorption. The result shows that the choice of expanding temperature has an important effect on microstructure of carbon nanotube/expanded graphite composite material.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes: A review on synthesis and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Vijay Makwana ◽  
Ajay M Patel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Flexible Sensors

: MWCNTs are elongated cylindrical nanoobjects made of sp2 carbon. They have a diameter of 3–30 nm and can grow to be several centimetres long. Therefore, their aspect ratio can range between 10 to 10 million. Carbon nanotubes are the foundation of nanotechnology. It is an exceptionally fascinating material. CNTs possess excellent properties such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, high adsorption, outstanding stiffness, high strength and low density with a high aspect ratio. These properties can be useful in the fabrication of revolutionary smart nano materials. Demand for lighter and more robust nano materials in different applications of nanotechnology is increasing every day. Various synthesis techniques for the fabrication of MWCNTs, such as CVD, Arc discharge, flame synthesis, laser ablation, and spray pyrolysis, are discussed in this review article, as are their recent applications in a variety of significant fields. The first section presents a brief introduction of CNTs, then the descriptions of synthesis methods and various applications of MWCNTs in the field of energy storage and conversion, biomedical, water treatment, drug delivery, biosensors, bucky papers and resonance-based biosensors are introduced in the second section. Due to their improved electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, MWCNTs have been extensively used in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible sensors.

Side-Wall Opening of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) by Chemical Modification: A Critical Theoretical Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 1578-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfang Chen ◽  
Shigeru Nagase ◽  
Andreas Hirsch ◽  
Robert C Haddon ◽  
Walter Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Recent Progress on Controlled Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 485-489
Author(s):  
Chao Ding ◽  
Li Bao An ◽  
Xiao Xia Yang ◽  
Yan Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Single Electron Transistors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Field Emission Displays ◽  
Impedance Monitoring ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Functional Components

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn extensive research interest for a variety of applications in single electron transistors, field emission displays, interconnects, sensors, energy storage, composites, and many others due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. One requirement for many of these applications is the need to integrate CNTs into various devices or circuits as functional components and different manipulation methods have been developed. This paper addresses the assembly of CNTs by dielectrophoresis (DEP) and reviews recent research progress of controlled assembly of CNTs. Totally six approaches are introduced in which different techniques including impedance measurement, optical induced DEP, floating electrode DEP, self-limiting resistor, fluidic assisted deposition, and real-time gap impedance monitoring of DEP are respectively used to control the yield of the DEP process. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analysed. The purpose is to help automating the DEP process of CNTs and other one-dimensional nanomaterials by presenting these advanced control techniques.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Jeffamines-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Fei Shi ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Gang Sui ◽  
Xiao Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
The Impact

The increasing proliferation and application of advanced polymer composites requires higher and broader performance resin matrices. Poly(oxypropylene) with –NH2 end-groups has been widely used to toughen epoxy resins, but the strength of resin matrix may be reduced due to the addition of flexible segments in the crosslinking network. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been paid more and more attention in recent years because of their superior thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, CNTs grafted with Jeffamines T403 were used to simultaneously improve the reinforcement and toughening of an epoxy resin. The untreated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (u-MWNTs) were functionalized with amine groups according to three steps: carboxylation, acylation, and amidation. The f-MWNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results indicated that the T403 was grafted to the surface of MWCNTs. The mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy with f-MWNTs were investigated. The tensile and flexural strength increased by 7.77 % and 7.03 % after adding 0.5wt% f-MWCNTs without sacrificing the impact toughness. At the same time, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy with f-MWNTs were increased. The fracture surface of epoxy with f-MWNTs was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the dispersion of f-MWNTs in epoxy matrix and interfacial adhesion between f-MWNTs and epoxy matrix, which can be attributed to the strong interfacial bonding between f-MWNTs and epoxy resin.

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