EMPOWER MCDM BY HABITUAL DOMAINS TO SOLVE CHALLENGING PROBLEMS IN CHANGEABLE SPACES

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 457-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-CHU CHEN ◽  
HUNG-SHUN HUANG ◽  
PO-LUNG YU
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Domain Theory ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Habitual Domains ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Competence Set Analysis ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Hidden Parameters ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

Challenging decision problems in changeable spaces are characterized by existence of complex decision parameters that are changing with time and situations, including criteria and alternatives. Some of these parameters may be critical for their effective solutions, but hidden in the depth of potential domains. In this rapidly changing world, including technology and attitude, without paying attention to the problems in changeable spaces, we could easily commit serious mistakes due to decision blinds, decision traps and/or decision shocks. The article starts with a brief description of the evolution of MCDM toward challenging problems in changeable spaces. Then it briefly sketches a dynamic human behavior mechanism and habitual domain theory which provide an effective list for us to search relevant decision parameters and pave the way for latter discussion. Competence set analysis, derived from habitual domain, is then introduced to exemplify decision blinds, decision traps and decision shocks in challenging decision problems. Checking lists and methods for discovering blinds and traps and for dealing with shocks are also provided. Innovation dynamics, a systematic network of thoughts, is introduced to further look out relevant key parameters in dynamic challenging problems. The related academic subjects in each link of the innovation dynamics are also explained, which allow us to see the complexity and interconnectivities among different challenging problems in changeable spaces. Finally we introduce three habitual domain tool boxes to empower ourselves to expand and enrich our thoughts into the depth of the potential domains of the challenging problems, which allows us to more effectively identify hidden parameters, problems and competence sets to reduce decision blinds, avoid decision traps and solve the problems, or dissolve the problems before they occur.

DECISION MAKING, HABITUAL DOMAINS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. YU ◽  
C. I. CHIANG
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Habitual Domains ◽  
Competence Set Analysis ◽  
Decision Elements

In this paper, we discuss how information technology (IT) affects and influences people to make decisions. We first introduce human behavior mechanism and habitual domains — the software that drive the behaviors. Then we discuss the impacts of IT on decision elements and environment, and then IT's impacts on a variety of decision problems including routine problems, mixed routine problems, fuzzy problems and challenging problems. IT is useful in solving routine problems but not as obvious in solving fuzzy and challenging problems. To solve fuzzy and challenging problems, an effective concept and model of competence set analysis is introduced. Finally, we describe three types of competence set analysis and show how IT can help in these three types of problems.

DECISION TRAPS AND COMPETENCE DYNAMICS IN CHANGEABLE SPACES

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. YU ◽  
C. Y. CHIANGLIN
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Problem Domain ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Know How ◽  
Systematic Scheme ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Competence Set Analysis

There are many parameters in challenging decision problems, including the alternatives, the criteria, resources, the perception of decision problems, decision makers and their psychological states, information inputs from the environment, and self-suggestion, etc. At any moment of time, some of these parameters can catch our attention, called alerted parameters; some cannot, called unalerted parameters. Some parameters are visible, some are invisible. In addition, the parameters themselves can vary over certain ranges or domains. All of these make challenging decision problems very complex. We call this kind of problems as decision problems with changeable spaces (parameters). We may focus on certain parameters with certain assumed values to find an "optimal" solution, which may lead to solve wrong problem with bad solution. Quite often, our focus may be just a small part of what we know, or just a part of what we are most familiar with. We may often neglect what we are not familiar with, and pay no attention to what we do not know. As a consequence, we may see just a small part of the problem domain (including all parameters and their possible variations over time). The portion (of the problem domain) that we cannot see is our decision blind. Suppose our alerted domain (those parameters and their variations that are currently under our consideration) to be fixed in only a small part of the problem domains. Then very likely we could end up with a serious mistake. This situation is known as decision trap. In this article, we will introduce a systematic scheme, based on habitual domain theory, to help us reduce decision blinds and avoid decision traps so that we could make decision with good quality. Then we will also introduce the concept of competence set analysis to help us cope with challenging decision problems. This including: (i) how to effectively expand our competence (resources, skill, know-how, information, ideas, effort, etc.) as to solve a given problem effectively; and (ii) given a set of competence, how to maximize its value by solving a set of value added problems. Furthermore, we will introduce innovation dynamics which describe the dynamics of how to solve a set of problems with our existent or acquired competence (to relieve the pains or frustrations of "certain customers or decision makers" at certain situations) as to create value, and how to distribute this created value so that we can continuously expand out competence set to solve more challenging problems and create more value.

2. Speaking of God in the Post-Human Era: An Examination of Radical Life Extension in Relation to Key Theological Concepts and Narratives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Barton
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Function ◽  
Radical Life Extension ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

Rapid advancements in radical life extension technologies contribute to humanity’s ever-changing world. The normalization of radical life extension technologies would signify that the present era in which biology and evolution act as dictators of human life and health would come to an end, thereby ushering in the age of the post-human. The purpose of this paper is to engage in a theological analysis of how and to what degree the ways in which humanity speaks about God could be changed or influenced if radical life extension becomes normative within society. . It is likely that this powerful technology would have a significant impact on many facets of culture, including the way in which humanity engages with religion, in particular Christianity. To accomplish this, the technology that could potentially support radical life extension, namely nanotechnology and cybernetic immortality, will be explained in terms of their relevance and function. Subsequently, the affects of radical life extension for human life will be addressed. Specifically, the implications of the partial or full eradication of human biological and psychological suffering and death through the use of cybernetic immortality and nanotechnology and will be considered. From there, the core theological concepts and narratives will be analyzed in the context of the potential actualization of radical life extension technology. A focus will be placed on the ethic of loving thy neighbour, Christ’s suffering on the cross, the hope of salvation and the Christian hope of entrance into heaven after death. 

Our Changing World

2022 ◽  
pp. 13-63
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

COVID-19 has dramatically changed our world in terms of telework specifically and remote life in general. We are still learning new things about balancing family and work; trustworthiness, performance, and accountability issues; important changes and discoveries about the way the world goes to work; and discussions of the dynamic ways people communicate. This chapter examines reasons for resistance to telework to shed light on how COVID-19 has changed us. The discussion that follows centers on qualitative interviews concerning telework, an evaluation of employee engagement now and in the future, and ideas and actions that should prove helpful to organizations. Analyzing the interviews reveals several common threads: distractions, fatigue, accountability, communication, productivity, technology, coping, work hours, resources, and plan approaches.

scholarly journals Innovation networks or innovation within networks

IMP Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Synnøve Rubach ◽  
Thomas Hoholm ◽  
Håkan Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Networks ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a longitudinal case study of a regional innovation policy initiative, in which ideas with regard to how innovation might be facilitated were changing over time. Through the scrutiny of insights in industrial network studies (IMP), the authors seek to shed light on the challenges created by policy interventions aimed at constructing complementary networks for the facilitation of innovation. That is to say, the authors endeavour to understand the interfaces between innovation networks and industrial networks, and the way in which they may influence innovation. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a longitudinal case study of four successive regional innovation projects in Norway. Data are drawn from relevant policy documents and project documentations, as well as from participatory observation of application processes and project activities. Findings This study shows that regional innovation policy concerns first and foremost the interaction within and between relatively established diverse networks, which affects both structuring and restructuring. Changes in innovation policy required the re-configuring of constellations of business networks, research networks and policy networks. All initiatives required mobilisation input by persistent actors – often boundary organisations or researchers. The construction of innovation networks served as an instrument in the production of new interfaces between businesses, researchers and policy makers. The use and usefulness of these networks as perceived by the business actors were heavily influenced by the way in which the networks were configured. Research limitations/implications Generalisation based on in-depth qualitative case research requires further testing across similar and varying cases, and there have hitherto been relatively few studies of the interfaces between industrial and innovation networks. Despite this it can be argued that the conceptual distinction between constructed and emerging networks is a productive one in the study of networked innovation dynamics. During the research into this longitudinal case, it has been interesting to observe the way in which innovation research, and thus its influence on innovation policy, has changed over time. It would be beneficial if further studies were to be conducted on the way in which this has played out. Practical implications The administration of the public funding of innovation network activities requires great care. Where innovation policy initiatives are closely related to established industrial networks, it may be possible to strengthen innovation dynamics, challenge established practices and conceptions, and contribute to expanding, or even initiate innovation activities. In the first place, new activities need to be initiated in a way that supports the long-term development of actual business networks; and second, innovation policy bodies should be prepared to stimulate activity over longer periods of time. Originality/value This paper engages in, and combines, two parallel and rarely interacting debates on, respectively, innovation within innovation policy (innovation systems, clusters, networks) and industrial network studies (IMP and others). The authors make an “ideal type” distinction between alternative “constructed” networks and “emerging” networks, and the way in which they influence innovations.

scholarly journals The Post-Pandemic World: between Constitutionalized and Authoritarian Orders – China’s Narrative-Power Play in the Pandemic Era

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Yung Chang
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Strategic Narratives ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
International Image ◽  
Power Play ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

AbstractThe paper aims to address the development of China’s narrative power during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on world order. It argues that in the post-pandemic world, the emergence of the authoritarian sub-order would be prompted by China’s more proactive narrative power, given that the climate of opinion is ambiguous when faced with the uncertainty of the pandemic. (This does not imply the end of the existing liberal order; instead, it features the coexistence of both orders.) To understand how China’s narrative power has encouraged the emergence of the authoritarian sub-order to coexist in parallel with the dominant constitutional order, the article first reviews the existing literature concerning the changing world order. In this section, it also briefly defines and differentiates between the constitutional and authoritarian orders, what defines world order, and what distinguishes authoritarian from constitutional liberal order. Second it looks at the theoretical grounding. The nature, role and power of narratives are explored. Ideas about strategic narratives and the economics of attention are discussed. This theoretical background paves the way to examine China’s narrative power during a pandemic. Lastly, it switches to the Chinese perspective to address its support for the plurality of orders and its awareness of the strength of narrative in influencing dominant ideas. It looks at how China’s narrative power has been exercised from three perspectives (formation, projection and reception). Here, it mainly tackles how China has used its narrative power to spin the pandemic to its advantage in the reorganization of world order: improving its international image and advocating the authoritarian order as an alternative. China has been building its narrative along with its changing strategic diplomacy – from restrained and low-profile to proactive and assertive. In the conclusion, some reflections on China’s narrative power and the implications for world order are considered.

Archeological Methods for Reconstructing Human Predation on Terrestrial Vertebrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
Human Predation ◽  
The Way

Archeological interest in predation ranges from studies of the earliest evidence for human meat-eating, to attempts to understand the fossil record's ambiguity about the meaning of associated animal bones and human artifacts. A number of quantitative measures are used to find the meaningful patterns in archeological assemblages, and taphonomic research has also provided analogs and comparative standards for interpreting human behavior based on the evidence for predation. The most important methods, approaches, and interests are discussed here, using case studies to illustrate the way archeologists have thought about the record of humans as predators.

Application of the Deviate Method of Minimum Subordinative Degree on the Selection of Outstanding Graduates

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6313-6316
Author(s):  
Jin Si ◽  
Hai Zhu Yu ◽  
Xiao Li Chai
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

How to objective, fair, justice, open selection of outstanding graduates is an important work in universities and colleges each year. For college students, the selection of outstanding graduates is the comprehensive consideration of university study and life in the four years, which is critical to the development of future employment and career. First, this paper introduces the basic principle method of minimum subordinative degree, and then considers the effect of college students through a variety of learning activities comprehensively. Finally, application examples are given in the selection of outstanding graduates. The results show that, this method is a good effective tool to solve the fuzzy uncertainly factors for complex decision problems, which has good applicability.

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