Security analysis of KXB10 QKD protocol with higher-dimensional quantum states

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150005
Author(s):  
Usama Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Mubashir Khan ◽  
Asad Arfeen ◽  
Khadija Azam
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Implementation Techniques ◽  
Generalized Dimension ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Qubit States

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the exciting applications of quantum mechanics. It allows the sharing of secret keys between two communicating parties with unconditional security. A variety of QKD protocols have been proposed since the inception of the BB84 protocol. Among different implementation techniques of QKD protocols, there is a category which exploits higher dimensions qubit states to encode classical bits. In this paper, we focus on such a QKD protocol called KXB10, which uses three bases with higher dimensions. Analysis of the generalized dimension quantum states is performed by evaluating it based on the index transmission error rate ITER. We find that there is a direct relationship between qubit dimensions and ITER for the KXB10 protocol.

Two-party quantum key agreement based on four-particle GHZ states

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Feng He ◽  
Wen-Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Key Agreement ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Quantum Key Agreement ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Ghz States ◽  
Delayed Measurement ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Cnot Operation

Based on four-particle GHZ states, the double CNOT operation and the delayed measurement technique, a two-party quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols is proposed. The double CNOT operation makes each four-particle GHZ state collapse into two independent quantum states without any entanglement. Furthermore, one party can directly know the two quantum states and the other party can be aware of the two quantum states by using the corresponding measurement. According to the initial states of the two quantum states, two parties can extract the secret keys of each other by using the publicly announced value or by performing the delayed measurement, respectively. Then the protocol achieves the fair establishment of a shared key. The security analysis shows that the new protocol can resist against participant attacks, the Trojan horse attacks and other outsider attacks. Furthermore, the new protocol also has no information leakage problem and has high qubit efficiency.

scholarly journals An Overview of Geometrical Optics Restricted Quantum Key Distribution

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Ziwen Pan ◽  
Ivan B. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Space Communications ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Potential Applications

Quantum key distribution (QKD) assures the theoretical information security from the physical layer by safely distributing true random numbers to the communication parties as secret keys while assuming an omnipotent eavesdropper (Eve). In recent years, with the growing applications of QKD in realistic channels such as satellite-based free-space communications, certain conditions such as the unlimited power collection ability of Eve become too strict for security analysis. Thus, in this invited paper, we give a brief overview of the quantum key distribution with a geometrical optics restricted power collection ability of Eve with its potential applications.

scholarly journals Device-independent quantum key distribution with random key basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
René Schwonnek ◽  
Koon Tong Goh ◽  
Ignatius W. Primaatmaja ◽  
Ernest Y.-Z. Tan ◽  
Ramona Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Security ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Simple Variant ◽  
First Time

AbstractDevice-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to distribute secret keys in an insecure network. It thus represents the ultimate form of cryptography, offering not only information-theoretic security against channel attacks, but also against attacks exploiting implementation loopholes. In recent years, much progress has been made towards realising the first DIQKD experiments, but current proposals are just out of reach of today’s loophole-free Bell experiments. Here, we significantly narrow the gap between the theory and practice of DIQKD with a simple variant of the original protocol based on the celebrated Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality. By using two randomly chosen key generating bases instead of one, we show that our protocol significantly improves over the original DIQKD protocol, enabling positive keys in the high noise regime for the first time. We also compute the finite-key security of the protocol for general attacks, showing that approximately 108–1010 measurement rounds are needed to achieve positive rates using state-of-the-art experimental parameters. Our proposed DIQKD protocol thus represents a highly promising path towards the first realisation of DIQKD in practice.

scholarly journals Geometrical Optics Restricted Eavesdropping Analysis of Satellite-to-Satellite Secret Key Distillation

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Ziwen Pan ◽  
Ivan B. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Satellite Applications

Traditionally, the study of quantum key distribution (QKD) assumes an omnipotent eavesdropper that is only limited by the laws of physics. However, this is not the case for specific application scenarios such as the QKD over a free-space link. In this invited paper, we introduce the geometrical optics restricted eavesdropping model for secret key distillation security analysis and apply to a few scenarios common in satellite-to-satellite applications.

scholarly journals Path-encoded high-dimensional quantum communication over a 2-km multicore fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Da Lio ◽  
Daniele Cozzolino ◽  
Nicola Biagi ◽  
Yunhong Ding ◽  
Karsten Rottwitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
System A ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Multicore Fiber ◽  
Interferometric Detection

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on high-dimensional quantum states have shown the route to increase the key rate generation while benefiting of enhanced error tolerance, thus overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional QKD protocols. Nonetheless, the reliable transmission through fiber links of high-dimensional quantum states remains an open challenge that must be addressed to boost their application. Here, we demonstrate the reliable transmission over a 2-km-long multicore fiber of path-encoded high-dimensional quantum states. Leveraging on a phase-locked loop system, a stable interferometric detection is guaranteed, allowing for low error rates and the generation of 6.3 Mbit/s of a secret key rate.

scholarly journals Computing conditional entropies for quantum correlations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brown ◽  
Hamza Fawzi ◽  
Omar Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Cryptographic Protocols ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Security Proofs

AbstractThe rates of quantum cryptographic protocols are usually expressed in terms of a conditional entropy minimized over a certain set of quantum states. In particular, in the device-independent setting, the minimization is over all the quantum states jointly held by the adversary and the parties that are consistent with the statistics that are seen by the parties. Here, we introduce a method to approximate such entropic quantities. Applied to the setting of device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution, we obtain improvements on protocol rates in various settings. In particular, we find new upper bounds on the minimal global detection efficiency required to perform device-independent quantum key distribution without additional preprocessing. Furthermore, we show that our construction can be readily combined with the entropy accumulation theorem in order to establish full finite-key security proofs for these protocols.

scholarly journals Security Analysis of Discrete-Modulated Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution over Seawater Channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchao Ruan ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Heterodyne Detection ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Better Than

We investigate the optical absorption and scattering properties of four different kinds of seawater as the quantum channel. The models of discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in free-space seawater channel are briefly described, and the performance of the four-state protocol and the eight-state protocol in asymptotic and finite-size cases is analyzed in detail. Simulation results illustrate that the more complex is the seawater composition, the worse is the performance of the protocol. For different types of seawater channels, we can improve the performance of the protocol by selecting different optimal modulation variances and controlling the extra noise on the channel. Besides, we can find that the performance of the eight-state protocol is better than that of the four-state protocol, and there is little difference between homodyne detection and heterodyne detection. Although the secret key rate of the protocol that we propose is still relatively low and the maximum transmission distance is only a few hundred meters, the research on CV-QKD over the seawater channel is of great significance, which provides a new idea for the construction of global secure communication network.

Symmetric and asymmetric cyclic controlled quantum teleportation via nine-qubit entangled state

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150249
Author(s):  
Vikram Verma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Channel ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Controlled Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency ◽  
Qubit States ◽  
Generalized Scheme

In this paper, by utilizing a nine-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel, we propose new schemes for symmetric and asymmetric cyclic controlled quantum teleportation (CYCQT). In our proposed schemes, four participants Alice, Bob, Charlie and David teleport their unknown quantum states cyclically among themselves with the help of a controller Eve. No participants can reconstruct the original states sent from the respective senders without the permission of the controller. Also, by considering same nine-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel, we propose a generalized scheme for CYCQT of multi-qubit states. In contrast to the previous CYCQT schemes involving three communicators and a controller, there are four communicators and a controller in the proposed schemes. Also, compared with previous CYCQT schemes, our proposed CYCQT schemes require less consumption of quantum resource and the intrinsic efficiency of the generalized scheme increases with the increase of number of qubits in the information states.

scholarly journals Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol with a dishonest third party based on Bell states

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Tsai ◽  
Chun-Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Bell States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

AbstractThe mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol is an important research issue that lets two classical participants share secret keys securely between each other with the help of a third party (TP). However, in the existing MSQKD protocols, there are two improvable issues, namely (1) the classical participants must be equipped with expensive detectors to avoid Trojan horse attacks and (2) the trustworthiness level of TP must be honest. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing MSQKD protocols can resolve both these issues. Therefore, this study takes Bell states as the quantum resource to propose a MSQKD protocol, in which the classical participants do not need a Trojan horse detector and the TP is dishonest. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is shown to be secure against well-known attacks and the classical participants only need two quantum capabilities. Therefore, in comparison to the existing MSQKD protocols, the proposed protocol is better practical.

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