scholarly journals RECOGNIZING BEHAVIOR IN HAND-EYE COORDINATION PATTERNS

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEILIE YI ◽  
DANA BALLARD
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Bayes Network ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Constructive Models ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Modeling human behavior is important for the design of robots as well as human-computer interfaces that use humanoid avatars. Constructive models have been built, but they have not captured all of the detailed structure of human behavior such as the moment-to-moment deployment and coordination of hand, head and eye gaze used in complex tasks. We show how this data from human subjects performing a task can be used to program a dynamic Bayes network (DBN) which in turn can be used to recognize new performance instances. As a specific demonstration we show that the steps in a complex activity such as sandwich making can be recognized by a DBN in real time.

It-Narrative and the Book as Agent

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Price
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

This chapter argues that the most productive overlap between recent book-historical scholarship and the longer tradition of bibliographically themed life writing lies not in their common interest in human subjects, but rather in their shared attention to the circulation of things. Analytical bibliographers have shown that books accrue meaning not just at the moment of manufacture, but through their subsequent uses: buying and selling, lending and borrowing, preserving and destroying. A history of the book that took that whole range of transactions as building blocks could usefully borrow its formal conventions from the “it-narrative”: a fictional autobiography in which a thing traces its travels among a series of richer and poorer owners.

scholarly journals Peripheral Network Connectivity Analyses for the Real-Time Tracking of Coupled Bodies in Motion

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilelmini Kalampratsidou ◽  
Elizabeth B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Dyadic interactions are ubiquitous in our lives, yet they are highly challenging to study. Many subtle aspects of coupled bodily dynamics continuously unfolding during such exchanges have not been empirically parameterized. As such, we have no formal statistical methods to describe the spontaneously self-emerging coordinating synergies within each actor’s body and across the dyad. Such cohesive motion patterns self-emerge and dissolve largely beneath the awareness of the actors and the observers. Consequently, hand coding methods may miss latent aspects of the phenomena. The present paper addresses this gap and provides new methods to quantify the moment-by-moment evolution of self-emerging cohesiveness during highly complex ballet routines. We use weighted directed graphs to represent the dyads as dynamically coupled networks unfolding in real-time, with activities captured by a grid of wearable sensors distributed across the dancers’ bodies. We introduce new visualization tools, signal parameterizations, and a statistical platform that integrates connectivity metrics with stochastic analyses to automatically detect coordination patterns and self-emerging cohesive coupling as they unfold in real-time. Potential applications of these new techniques are discussed in the context of personalized medicine, basic research, and the performing arts.

The use of cognitive apprenticeship in the learning and teaching of improvisation: Teacher and student perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R. de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Cognitive Apprenticeship ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Student Interactions ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Expert Practice

Instrumental tuition has predominantly been conceptualized in terms of a master–apprentice model that facilitates the transmission of skills, knowledge and cultural intellect through teaching and learning. Research suggests the one-to-one tuition model needs to evolve and adapt to meet the demands of the 21st century musician. Within the jazz/improvisation lesson, the learning and teaching of improvisory ability is a complex activity where developing improvisers hone motor-specific skills, audiative ability, imaginative and creative impulses that connect and respond to strategic individual and collaborative catalysts. Observing the negotiation of learning and teaching in three lessons in improvisation between expert practitioner-educators and their students, this study reveals a cognitive apprenticeship model that can provide a framework for teachers to develop students’ cognitive and meta-cognitive abilities, and understandings of expert practice. Case studies of three teacher-practitioners and their advanced students explore the “in the moment” teacher–student interactions and teaching techniques that expert improviser-educators utilize in developing mastery and expertise in their students. Teaching to an advanced improvisation student is a dynamic, fluid and reflexive interplay of pedagogical applications of modelling, scaffolding, coaching, and reflective processes. The holistic imparting of knowledge can be understood as a cognitive apprenticeship. Careful guidance by a teacher/mentor can offer the student an immersive environment that brings thinking, action and reflection to the forefront of learning. Implications are identified for more effective, collaborative and inventive ways of assisting learning and inculcating deeper understandings of factual, conceptual and problem-solving concepts that draw students into a culture of expert practice.

A Study on Calculation Method of Natural Frequency for Rubber Damped Torsional Vibration Absorbers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Shangguan ◽  
Yumin Wei ◽  
Subhash Rakheja ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Jun-wei Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Rubber Ring ◽  
Constructive Models ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
The Moment

The natural frequency is the key performance parameters of a rubber materials damper, and it is determined by the static and dynamic shear properties of the rubber materials (rubber ring) and the moment of inertia of the inertia ring. The rubber ring is usually in compression state, and its static and dynamic shear properties are dependent on its sizes, compression ratio and chemical ingredients. A special fixture is designed and used for measuring static and dynamic shear performance of a rubber ring under different compression ratios in the study. To characterize the shear static and dynamic performances of rubbers, three constructive models (Kelvin-Voigt, the Maxwell and the fractional derivative constitutive model) are presented and the method for obtaining the model parameters in the fractional derivative constructive models are developed using the measured dynamic performance of a rubber shear specimen. The natural frequency of a rubber materials damper is calculated using the fractional derivative to characterize the rubber ring of the damper, and the calculated frequencies are compared with the measurements.

Neural networks as a unifying learning model for random normal form games

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Spiliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Normal Form ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Nash Equilibria ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Form Games ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Iterated Dominance

This article models the learning process of a population of randomly rematched tabula rasa neural network agents playing randomly generated 3 × 3 normal form games of all strategic types. Evidence was found of the endogenous emergence of a similarity measure of games based on the number and types of Nash equilibria, and of heuristics that have been found effective in describing human behavior in experimental one-shot games. The neural network agents were found to approximate experimental human behavior very well across various dimensions such as convergence to Nash equilibria, equilibrium selection, and adherence to principles of dominance and iterated dominance. This is corroborated by evidence from five studies of experimental one-shot games, because the Spearman correlation coefficients of the probability distribution over the neural networks’ and human subjects’ actions ranged from 0.49 to 0.89.

Anthropological Concepts and Applied Projects: Influences and Consequences

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
David Mandlebaum
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Special Quality

The interplay between theory and practice that occurs in all sciences has a special quality in the sciences of human behavior. The human subjects of these studies can be influenced by concepts developed about them: they can interpret and manipulate measures applied to them. This is particularly evident in the work of social-cultural anthropologists who gather their primary data directly from the people studied through participant observation and long interviews. Their close acquaintance with individuals and small groups affords quick feedback from the respondents concerning ideas about them and changes planned for them.

Eye Tracking Used to Evaluate the Human Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ioana Baritz ◽  
Diana Laura Cotoros ◽  
Barbu Christian Braun
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Accommodation Process

In this paper we presented some theoretical and experimental considerations about the eye movements, gaze direction and correlation between them and the posture of human head. First of all it is important to analyze the movements of the eyes and also the modeling of image creation on the retina surface according to the illumination and accommodation process. In the second part of the paper we presented the experimental setup used to record the eye movements and the human head posture in possible situations. In the final part of the paper we analyzed the recordings of eye movements for a human subject during time experiments correlated with the eye gaze direction and simulations. Also the results, conclusions and future applications of these researches are presented.

scholarly journals Biasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 4170-4175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Christian Balkenius ◽  
Michael J. Spivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level

Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic processing, and decision making. We present evidence that information derived from eye gaze can be used to change the course of individuals’ decisions, even when they are reasoning about high-level, moral issues. Previous studies have shown that when an experimenter actively controls what an individual sees the experimenter can affect simple decisions with alternatives of almost equal valence. Here we show that if an experimenter passively knows when individuals move their eyes the experimenter can change complex moral decisions. This causal effect is achieved by simply adjusting the timing of the decisions. We monitored participants’ eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice task with moral questions. One option was randomly predetermined as a target. At the moment participants had fixated the target option for a set amount of time we terminated their deliberation and prompted them to choose between the two alternatives. Although participants were unaware of this gaze-contingent manipulation, their choices were systematically biased toward the target option. We conclude that even abstract moral cognition is partly constituted by interactions with the immediate environment and is likely supported by gaze-dependent decision processes. By tracking the interplay between individuals, their sensorimotor systems, and the environment, we can influence the outcome of a decision without directly manipulating the content of the information available to them.

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