Anthropological Concepts and Applied Projects: Influences and Consequences

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
David Mandlebaum

The interplay between theory and practice that occurs in all sciences has a special quality in the sciences of human behavior. The human subjects of these studies can be influenced by concepts developed about them: they can interpret and manipulate measures applied to them. This is particularly evident in the work of social-cultural anthropologists who gather their primary data directly from the people studied through participant observation and long interviews. Their close acquaintance with individuals and small groups affords quick feedback from the respondents concerning ideas about them and changes planned for them.

Author(s):  
Елена Викторук ◽  
Elena Viktoruk ◽  
А. Гох ◽  
A. Goh ◽  
В. Минеев ◽  
...  

The entity of people with special health needs (SHN), in particular with disorders of the autistic spectrum becomes an important socio-cultural subsystem. This subsystem covers not only persons with SHN, but also their environment. The implementation of the correctional system is a disadvantage, in comparison with the inclusive model in which people with SHN are integrated into society. The problem for the solution of which the authors’ efforts are made is that, for the present, the considerable part of the world population is not ready to accept the autistic community as a real agent of the social planning, which fulfills its own management strategies. Researchers of autism quite often ignore a position of the most autistic community on this or that question. The purpose of this article consists in search of approaches to creation of a conceptual model of autism and autistic community, which could form the reliable basis for development of the social technologies promoting a full integration of the people with special health needs into society. Mainly theoretical methods of research are used: logical analysis, elements of the structural-functional analysis, comparative analysis, and also axiological approach. At the same time, an attempt to generalize a primary data obtained by empirical methods, such as observation, participant observation, questioning, the content analysis, interview is made. It is shown that for the stated goal to be achieved it is fruitful to consider a phenomenon of autism in the prospect of cultural anthropology. The concept of autistic culture is clarified and its relevance for study of autism and autistic community is substantiated. Some features of autistic culture are revealed. The discussion showed that many criteria of autism can be fully understood from the cultural-anthropological standpoint. The proposed approach meets the principles of post-non-classical rationality and allows to mitigate the social-biological dilemma. The results obtained can form a methodological-and-world-outlook basis for investigations in the fields of pedagogics, psychology, culturology.


PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Liza Noviani ◽  
Subhilhar Subhilhar ◽  
Muryanto Amin

The manifestation of democratic values in Indonesia as the actualization of power in the hands of the people is the implementation of general elections (Pemilu) and regional head elections. 2019 was a democratic party for the people of Banda Aceh City because it held regional head elections (pilkada) and 2019 simultaneous elections. The lack of impartiality for people with disabilities, including the management of election accessibility for persons with disabilities in previous elections and local elections, made researchers interested in conducting election accessibility research. for persons with disabilities in Banda Aceh City for holding regional head elections (Pilkada) and simultaneous elections 2019. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research requires data to conclude the research results, there are two types of data used in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. To explore data and information, researchers will conduct interviews with key informants and key informants, non-participant observation and through literature study by studying literature sourced from books, electronic journals, newspapers, regulations and documents related to research topics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suroto Suroto ◽  
Gunarto Gunarto

ABSTRAKKebijakan penambangan pasir besi merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang menuai konflik. Ada perbedaan kepentingan antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Seperti yang terjadi di Desa Bandungharjo Kabupaten Jepara. Pemerintah mewacanakan sebuah kebijakan yang menuai konflik, yaitu pembangunan area transmigrasi Ring I di lahan pesisir, tepatnya di Pesisir Desa Bandungharjo Kecamatan Donorojo. masyarakat yang menolak kebijakan kemudian membentuk sebuah kelompok, yaitu Paguyupan Petani Lahan Pantai (PPLP). Pemerintah telah mencoba untuk melakukan pendekatan dengan kelompok ini. Selain melakukan pendekatan kepada kelompok yang kontra, pemerintah juga melakukan pendekatan pada kelompok yang pro. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara serta observasi non-partisipan untuk data primer dan melalui pelacakan dokumen atau literatur pendukung untuk mendapatkan data sekunder. Kedua data ini digunakan untuk saling meng-cross cheek agar hasilnya lebih valid. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa konflik kebijakan penambangan pasir besi terjadi karena adanya perbedaan persepsi antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat atas pengelolaan tanah. pemerintah berusaha untuk memaksa masyarakat, sementara masyarakat berusaha untuk melawan pemerintah. Keadaan terebut menimbulkan konflik vertikal, antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Dalam perkembangannya, dinamika konflik terjadi ketika pemerintah berusaha untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Pemerintah tidak menggunakan cara yang demokratis melainkan tindak kekerasan baik fisik atau pun non fisik dilakukan pemerintah untuk meredam suara masyarakat yang kontra terhadap kebijakan. Dalam melakukan teror dan intimidasi, pemerintah juga melibatkan aktor lain seperti birokrasi maupun investor. Sementara itu, untuk kelompok yang pro, pemerintah melakukan pendekatan dengan memberikan informasi maupun sosialisai. Implikasi yang timbul kemudian adalah muncul konflik yang lebih luas, yaitu konflik antara masyarakat yang pro dan yang kontra terhadap kebijakan.Keyword:��� Pertambangan pasir, konflik sosial, dampak kebijakan, UU No. 32 Tahun 2009.ABSTRACTThe iron sand mining policy is a conflicting policy. There is a difference of interest between government and society. As happened in the Bandungharjo Village of Jepara Regency. The Government discourses a policy that reap the conflict, namely the development of transmigration area Ring I in coastal areas, precisely in the Coastal of Bandungharjo Village in Donorojo District. People who rejected the policy then formed a group, namely Paguyupan Petani Lahan Pantai (PPLP). The government has tried to approach this group. In addition to approaching the counter-group, the government also approaches pro-groups.This is qualitative research with case study method. Data collection was done by interviewing and non-participant observation for primary data and by tracking documents or supporting literature to obtain secondary data. Both of these data are used to cross-check each other to make the result more valid.This study finds that iron sand mining policy conflict occurs because of differences in perception between government and society over land management. The government try to force the people, while the public try to fight the government. This state of affairs leads to vertical conflict, between government and society. In its development, conflict dynamics occurs when the government seeks to resolve the conflict. The government does not use democratic way to solve the problems, but acts of violence, whether physical or non-physical, is carried out by the government to decrease the voice of the people who are against the policy. In conducting terror and intimidation, the government also involves other actors such as bureaucracy as well as investors. Meanwhile, for pro groups, the government approaches by providing information and socialization. The subsequent implication is that there is a wider conflict, the conflict between the pro and the counter to the policy.Keyword:��� Sand mining, social conflict, policy impact.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Dewi Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Ratih Ranika Putri Utami

This study aims to determine the effect of transparency in financial management of village funds and community empowerment on community welfare in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods and primary data using questionnaires. This study took a sample of residents who were divided into 11 hamlets in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunung kidul Regency. The sampling technique is stratified random sampling. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires directly to people’s homes, attending social gatherings and routine meetings held by community members. It aims to obtain more data from respondents directly. The number of questionnaires processed was 120 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that community empowerment has a positive effect on the welfare of the people of Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency, while transparency in financial management of village funds does not affect the welfare of the community in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency.


Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer

This chapter considers the prevailing notion in the eighteenth century that nobility was a necessary bulwark of political freedom. Whether in the interest of a more open nobility or of a more closed and impenetrable nobility, the view was the same. Nobility as such, nobility as an institution, was necessary to the maintenance of a free constitution. There was also a general consensus that parliaments or ruling councils were autonomous, self-empowered, or empowered by history, heredity, social utility, or God; that they were in an important sense irresponsible, free to oppose the King (where there was one), and certainly owing no accounting to the “people.” The remainder of the chapter deals with the uses and abuses of social rank and the problems of administration, recruitment, taxation, and class consciousness.


Author(s):  
Vu Thi Thanh Minh

With the majority of the population working in agriculture, the economy of Khmer people is mainly agricultural. At present, the Khmer ethnic group has a workingstructure in the ideal age, but the number of young and healthy workers who have not been trained is still high and laborers lack knowledge and skills to do business. Labor productivity is still very low ... Problems in education quality, human resources; the transformation of traditional religion; effects of climate change; Cross-border relations of the people have always been and are of great interest and challenges to the development of the Khmer ethnic community. Identifying fundamental and urgent issues, forecasting the socio-economic trends in areas with large numbers of Khmer people living in the future will be the basis for the theory and practice for us to have. Solutions in the development and implementation of policies for Khmer compatriots suitable and effective.


Author(s):  
Anggit Rahmat Fauzi ◽  
Ansari Ansari

The utilization of e-commerce media in the trading world brings impact to the international community in general and the people of Indonesia in particular. For Indonesian people, This is related to a very important legal problem. The importance of law in the field of e-commerce is mainly in protecting the parties who transact through the Internet. The purpose of this study is to know the legal review of the buying and selling agreements through electronic media as well as to know the legal protections for sellers and buyers if one of the parties commits a default. The research uses a normative juridical method of approach and the discussion is done in a descriptive analysis. The source and type of data used are primary data and secondary data. While the data collection techniques using literature studies, and the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively. The agreement to buy and sell through electronic media is a new phenomenon that has been implemented in various countries and regulated in the Civil state nor law ITE. Legal protection for the parties in the sale and purchase agreements through electronic media is governed by the consumer protection ACT. Any breach must respond to any loss arising from his or her actions.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Gómez Camuñas ◽  
Purificación González Villanueva

<div><i>Background</i>: the creative capacities and the knowledge of the employees are components of the intellectual capital of the company; hence, their training is a key activity to achieve the objectives and business growth. <i>Objective</i>: To understand the meaning of learning in the hospital from the experiences of its participants through the inquiry of meanings. <i>Method</i>: Qualitative design with an ethnographic approach, which forms part of a wider research, on organizational culture; carried out mainly in 2 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid. The data has been collected for thirteen months. A total of 23 in-depth interviews and 69 field sessions have been conducted through the participant observation technique. <i>Results</i>: the worker and the student learn from what they see and hear. The great hospital offers an unregulated education, dependent on the professional, emphasizing that they learn everything. Some transmit the best and others, even the humiliating ones, use them for dirty jobs, focusing on the task and nullifying the possibility of thinking. They show a reluctant attitude to teach the newcomer, even if they do, they do not have to oppose their practice. In short, a learning in the variability, which produces a rupture between theory and practice; staying with what most convinces them, including negligence, which affects the patient's safety. In the small hospital, it is a teaching based on a practice based on scientific evidence and personalized attention, on knowing the other. Clearly taught from the reception, to treat with caring patience and co-responsibility in the care. The protagonists of both scenarios agree that teaching and helping new people establish lasting and important personal relationships to feel happy and want to be in that service or hospital. <i>Conclusion</i>: There are substantial differences related to the size of the center, as to what and how the student and the novel professional are formed. At the same time that the meaning of value that these health organizations transmit to their workers is inferred through the training, one orienting to the task and the other to the person, either patient, professional or pupil and therefore seeking the common benefit.</div>


Author(s):  
Roger R Tabalessy

Coastal areas can either meet the human needs or give great contribution to the development. However, rapid infrastrural development in Sorong, west Papua, has been followed by high demand for mangrove timber and caused mangrove forest degradation due to exploitation. This exploitation could also result from high economic value of the mangrove timber. This study was done to analyze the economic value of mangrove wood utilized by the people to support the development process in Sorong. This study used primary data obtained through interviews and the economic value calculation of mangrove forests. It found that Sorong had mangrove economic value of IDR 165,197,833, 491. Wilayah pesisir selain dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia juga memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi pembangunan. Cepatnya pembangunan infrastruktur di Kota Sorong diikuti pula dengan tingginya permintaan akan kayu mangrove dan menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi hutan mangrove akibat eksploitasi. Eksploitasi ini disebabkan juga akibat kayu mangrove memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai ekonomi kayu mangrove yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Kota Sorong dalam proses menunjang pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara dan perhitungan nilai ekonomi hutan mangrove. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai ekonomi ekosistem hutan mangrove yang berada di Kota Sorong adalah Rp165.197.833.491.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Fausiah Fausiah

The number of inpatient visits in RSU Anutapura Palu, where in 2015 inpatient visits of 5,640, then in 2016 patient visits decreased to 5,451, in 2017 also decreased to 3,999 and in 2018 also decreased Drastic to 1,146 patient visits. This research aims to determine the utilization of health services in patients in general hospitalization in RSU Anutapura Palu. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Research was conducted from May-June 2019. The population in the study is a visitor (number of hospitalizations) at the General Hospital (RSU) Anutapura Palu. In this case the people who use health services in the General Hospital (RSU) Anutapura Palu recorded as many as 1,146 visitors (patients) in the year 2018. Primary data collection is through questionnaires and secondary data through the study of patient record documents and other supporting documents. The utilization of health services in patients in general hospitalization in RSU Anutapura Palu is well from the aspects of health beliefs, abilities and needs. RSU Anutapura Palu is expected to be able to improve the promotion of health services so that people use the health services provided.  


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