FIRM PATENT STRATEGIES IN US TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. HEMPHILL
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Technology Standard ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Policy Solutions ◽  
Standard Development

The focus of this article is on exploring the business competitive consequences of firm patent strategies in the United States de jure technology standard development processes. An analytic framework ("Firm Patent Strategies Matrix") is created which formally identifies a set of firm patent strategies applicable in the de jure technology standard development process. This Firm Patent Strategies Matrix is predicated on two key variables relevant to the standard development process: first, firms are either active participants in standard-setting committees, or they are non-participants, and second, firms are either disclosing appropriate information on potentially relevant patented technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), or they are not disclosing such potentially relevant patented information on technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), in the standard development process. The Firm Patent Strategies Matrix identifies the following four generic strategic choices for a technology-driven firm to choose among concerning the disposition of its patents: (1) Disclosure/Participation, (2) Disclosure/Non-Participation, (3) Non-Disclosure/Participation, and (4) Non-Disclosure/Non-Participation. Public policy issues, relevant to these Firm Patent Strategies, are identified (e.g., RAND licencing terms, patent ambush and submarine patents) and recommended policy solutions are offered (e.g., instituting Ex Ante royalty discussions, vigorous federal antitrust enforcement against patent ambush and the wider use of firm patent liability insurance, respectively).

A model of the analysis of the dynamics and structure of socio-economic development (an example of the set of the largest Polish cities in the years 1998–2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Lidia Mierzejewska ◽  
Jerzy Parysek
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The complexity of the reality studied by geographical research requires applying such methods which allow describing the state of affairs and ongoing changes in the best possible way. This study aims to present a model of research on selected aspects of the dynamics and structure of socio-economic development. The idea was to determine whether we deal with the process of reducing or widening the differences in terms of individual features. The article primarily pursues a methodological goal, and to a lesser extent an empirical one. The methodological objective of the paper was to propose and verify a multi-aspect approach to the study of development processes. The analyses carried out reveal that in terms of the features taken into account in the set of 24 of the largest Polish cities the dominating processes are those increasing differences between cities, which are unfavourable in the context of the adopted development policies aiming at reducing the existing disparities. In relation to the methodological objective, the results of the conducted research confirm the rationale of the application of the measures of dynamics and the feature variance to determine the character (dynamics and structure) of the socio-economic development process of cities. Comparatively less effective, especially for interpretation, is the application of principal component analysis and a multivariate classification, which is mainly the result of differences in the variance of particular features.

A Comparative Study of Pharmaceutical Incentives to Patents in India, USA and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Kadian ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Data Exclusivity ◽  
Patent Term

Background:: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights is a clear incentive to innovations; yet, several countries have provided further incentives to patents in pharmaceuticals because the full patent term of 20 years is largely exhausted, before marketing authorization. Objective:: The purpose of this article is to describe the various incentives to patents in the form of financial support, data exclusivity and most importantly extended market exclusivities and comparison of various incentives to patents in the United States of America, European Union and India. Methodology:: The detail of incentives is collected from various articles, latest topics, books, and newspapers. Result:: These incentives create a positive surrounding to encourage the drug development process, strengthen economic growth and improve a balance between new pharmaceuticals in the market and access of that medicine to general public at a reasonable price. Conclusion:: European Union and the United States of America are leading in the field of incentives to patenting in phar-maceuticals as compared to India. Indian Patent Act, 1970, needs to be re-looked in terms of data exclusivity and patent term extensions.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from Development of a Mobile App for Cardiovascular Health Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5985
Author(s):  
Bryan Weichelt ◽  
Jeffrey VanWormer ◽  
Yin Xu ◽  
Chris Kadolph ◽  
Simon Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Development Processes

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern in the United States. In response to the federally sponsored Million Hearts Risk Check Challenge, a team of programmers, software developers, health-information technologists, and clinicians in an integrated healthcare system in Wisconsin collaborated to develop Heart Health MobileTM (HHM), designed to improve awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and promote risk factor control among users. This paper outlines the development processes and highlights key lessons learned for mobile health applications. An agile project management methodology was used to dedicate adequate resources and employ adaptive planning and iterative development processes with a self-organized, cross-functional team. The initial HHM iOS app was developed and tested, and after additional modifications, gamified and HTML 5 versions of the app were released. The development of an iOS app is low in cost and sustainable by a healthcare system. Future app modifications to enhance data security and link self-reported cardiovascular risk assessment data to patient medical records may improve performance, patient relevance, and clinician acceptance of HHM in the primary-care setting. Legal and institutional barriers regarding the capture and analyses of protected health information must be mitigated to fully capture, analyze, and report patient health outcomes for future studies.

Learning during developing and implementing new bank offerings

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Stevens ◽  
Sergios Dimitriadis
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Informal Development

PurposeKnowledge of the management issues for developing new bank offerings efficiently is limited. Furthermore, recent research suggests that organisational learning can contribute greatly to the success of innovation projects. The aims of this paper are to provide a detailed description of the development process of a new financial product and to identify learning actions that may contribute to its effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachReports findings from a qualitative, longitudinal case study of a well‐known French bank.FindingsThe results revealed an informal development process consisting of a sequence of issues to solve and decisions to make.Research limitations/implicationsThough observations fit with the theoretical model, the findings cannot be generalized due to the use of a qualitative methodology. Thus, selecting a development project that brings variance to the scope and degree of innovativeness could enrich the observed learning mechanisms. Second, as services are very heterogeneous, further research should be done on the development processes of different new services, for example standardised versus customised. Third, mechanisms of adoption or avoidance of learning procedures remain to be explored extensively. Understanding the reasons of choice and adoption of learning strategies according to the environment and nature of the project could lead to further managerial recommendations.Practical implicationsImplications for banks to encourage learning during innovation are discussed and several opportunities for further research are suggested.Originality/valueAn informal development process is revealed, consisting of a sequence of issues to solve and decisions to make. Multiple learning actions and strategies are identified that enhance process effectiveness and efficiency.

A Study of the Alcohol Policy Development Process in the United States: Theory, Goals, and Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Greenfield ◽  
Norman Giesbrecht ◽  
Lee Ann Kaskutas ◽  
Suzanne Johnson ◽  
Lynn Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Policy Development Process

scholarly journals Securing Software Systems - A Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Weixiong ◽  
Kohei Dozono ◽  
Robin Lee ◽  
Alvin Kon Soon Seng ◽  
Fatima tuz Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Policy Awareness ◽  
Secure Software ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Processes

This paper aims to discuss the standard guidelines of the development process of secure software and will give justification on different types and ways of the software development processes. Additionally, a survey is conducted, the aim of which is to observe user behavior towards software system usage, user attitude in terms of privacy and policy awareness, security and privacy concerns. This is followed by discussion on how to secure software systems in development stage.

scholarly journals Pharmacovigilance in Cameroon: Past, Present and Future Developments in Unlocking the Drug Development Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Estella Achick Tembe Fokunang ◽  
Bruna Njeba ◽  
Marie Jose Essi ◽  
Rose Ngono Abondo ◽  
Banin Andrew Nyuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Post Marketing Surveillance ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

The drug discovery and development processes are designed to guarantee that drugs are efficacious, nontoxic and of high standards of quality for human consumption. However, patient’s population with access to drugs at approval is only a fraction of the final target population. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the safety of medicines is generally only achieved after the marketing authorization of the drug, followed by pharmacovigilance or post marketing surveillance. Pharmacovigilance (PHV) is defined by WHO as “the science and activities that deals with the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of the adverse drug reactions or any other possible drug-related interactions”. Health professionals, patients, drug manufacturers and drug regulatory authorities are therefore highly involved in the practice of PHV. Cameroon imports 95 % of drugs and health care products. Therefore, an effective mastery of the knowledge, attitude and practice of PHV will help to elaborate the development of our pharmacovigilance systems. This paper gives an overview of pharmacovigilance in Cameroon for unlocking the drug development process focusing on the past, present and future.

scholarly journals Pear Square: Design And Development Of Inclusive Digital Media Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Legros
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Academic Accommodations ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Development Processes

This project investigates the development process of accessible digital media technologies using Pear Square, a web platform aimed at assisting post-secondary students with their academic accommodations, as the research basis. Current development processes are contextualized by identifying relating concepts and resources that demonstrate approaches in creating accessible systems. The research process consists of technical analysis of several accessibility tools and their influence on the development processes of websites, such as colour and contrast or screen reader functionality for people with low or no vision. The development of the Pear Square platform consists of identifying key user-case scenarios and ensuring the developed features accommodate current accessibility standards. Through the analysis of the development process of Pear Square, the objective of this research is to assess current development technologies and propose future solutions that enable efficient accessible development processes.

scholarly journals O impacto do ecodesign no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos

Revista Foco ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oselame Schiochet
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

O presente artigo pretende investigar de que forma as mudanças no comportamento do mercado e o crescimento da consciência ambiental tem feito com que os consumidores mudem sua postura e exijam das empresas uma readequação de processos com vistas a adotar métodos de gestão mais alinhados com a questão da sustentabilidade e principalmente dos impactos ambientais de suas ações. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é compreender de que maneira empresas de diferentes segmentos estão implementando os conceitos e ferramentas de ecodesign em seus processos de desenvolvimento de produto. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento teórico em periódicos da área, além de um estudo exploratório de campo baseado em entrevistas em profundidade, que mostrou que a motivação das empresas para a adoção de práticas de ecodesign ainda é limitada a cumprir exigências legais, ou como forma de redução de custos. Sob uma perspectiva mercadológica percebe-se que o marketing exerce pouca influência na relação entre o ecodesign e o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos.   This article intends to investigate how changes in market behavior and the growth of environmental awareness have made consumers to change their posture and demand from companies a process readjustment with a view to adopt management methods more in line with sustainability and especially the environmental impacts. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to understand how companies from different segments are implementing ecodesign concepts and tools in their product development processes. For that, a theoretical survey was carried out, as well as an exploratory field study based on in-depth interviews, which showed that the motivation of companies for the adoption of ecodesign practices is still limited to complying legal requirements, or as way of reducing costs.  From a marketing perspective, it is perceived that marketing has little influence on the relationship between ecodesign and product development process.

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