SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM RETURNS TO INNOVATION FROM THE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING PRACTICES

The intention of this paper is to investigate innovation outcomes associated with complementary sets of training practices. Our analysis is performed using a multiple linear regression model with lagged variables on several different service sectors. We lagged three training and technology factors and noted the extent of innovation within and between these factors while comparing returns to innovation in the short-term (one year) to the long-term (the following six years). We hypothesised that the complexity of technology and process of learning by doing/using would result in short-term innovation returns being far less than those experienced in the long-term. We predicted the opposite would occur for the training factors due to the obsolescence of acquired skills over time. Our results show that short-term innovation returns for training factors are consistently higher than those for technology. This lends support to our hypothesis.

Download Full-text

Approaches to Skills in the Asian Developmental States

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.24 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Johnny Sung ◽

Arwen Raddon

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Developmental State ◽

Short Term ◽

Developmental States ◽

Asian Tiger ◽

The Face ◽

Development Goals ◽

And Training ◽

Over Time

The developmental state model was proposed in the early 1990s as a better means of understanding the mechanisms underlying the rapid growth of the Asian Tiger economies, when compared to classic economic models. The national skills systems of South Korea and Singapore are examined in order to consider how the Asian developmental state approach has worked in practice. It is shown that, whilst the state identifies and firmly guides the direction of economic development, the market plays a fundamental role in the concrete delivery of long-term economic objectives. Within this approach, education and training act as a vehicle to achieve broader economic and social development goals. Examples are used to consider how these systems changed throughout the industrialisation process. We reflect on some of the challenges faced over time, which have put the long-term viability of the developmental state approach in question. Most notable is the gradual erosion of the state’s ability to lead capital and labour in order to achieve long- rather than short-term goals, particularly in the face of globalisation.

Download Full-text

The Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Composition and Characteristics of Corporate Board of Directors

International Journal of Financial Management ◽

10.21863/ijfm/2015.5.4.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Halil Kaya ◽

Gaurango Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Board Composition ◽

Corporate Boards ◽

Corporate Accountability ◽

Corporate Board ◽

Short Term ◽

Dual Roles ◽

Board Characteristics ◽

Sarbanes Oxley ◽

Over Time

The paper examines the Sarbanes-Oxley (2002) Acts immediate impact on board composition and characteristics as well as possible reversals in its impact over time. Effects on directors age and tenure are analyzed over the 2001-06 sample period. Female participation in corporate boards is also studied in the pre-SOX and post-SOX periods. The dual roles of directors in being a member of the board as well as serving as either CEO, CFO, Chairman, Co-Chair, Founder, or Lead Director of their respective companies is also examined. We observe a short-term impact of SOX on board compositions due to changes seen in board characteristics between 2001 (pre-SOX), and 2003-05 short-term period (post-SOX). Also, we observe a reversal of board characteristics in 2006 to pre-SOX levels implying that the effects of SOX on board composition were short-lived, and needs to be monitored over time to ensure adherence to corporate accountability guidelines over the long-term.

Download Full-text

Personality dynamics at work: The effects of form, time, and context of variability

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211017341 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110173

Author(s):

Nadin Beckmann ◽

Damian P Birney ◽

Amirali Minbashian ◽

Jens F Beckmann

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Short Term ◽

State Data ◽

The Status ◽

Over Time ◽

Trait Variability

The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.

Download Full-text

Investigating the Broken-Heart Effect: a Model for Short-Term Dependence between the Remaining Lifetimes of Joint Lives

Annals of Actuarial Science ◽

10.1017/s1748499512000292 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 236-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jaap Spreeuw ◽

Iqbal Owadally

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Short Term ◽

Numerical Work ◽

Data Set ◽

Multiple State ◽

Multiple State Model ◽

Insurance Data ◽

Over Time ◽

Assurance Contracts

AbstractWe analyze the mortality of couples by fitting a multiple state model to a large insurance data set. We find evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a partner and, in addition, that this phenomenon diminishes over time. This is popularly known as a “broken-heart” effect and we find that it affects widowers more than widows. Remaining lifetimes of joint lives therefore exhibit short-term dependence. We carry out numerical work involving the pricing and valuation of typical contingent assurance contracts and of a joint life and survivor annuity. If insurers ignore dependence, or mis-specify it as long-term dependence, then significant mis-pricing and inappropriate provisioning can result. Detailed numerical results are presented.

Download Full-text

Athletes Play Through Pain—What Does That Mean for Rehabilitation Specialists?

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 640-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Barrette ◽

Katherine Harman

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Short Term ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Sport Organization ◽

The University ◽

E Mail ◽

Competitive Nature ◽

And Training ◽

Insight Into

Context: Pain in sport has been normalized to the point where athletes are expected to ignore pain and remain in the game despite the possible detrimental consequences associated with playing through pain. While rehabilitation specialists may not have an influence on an athlete’s competitive nature or the culture of risk they operate in, understanding the consequences of those factors on an athlete’s physical well-being is definitely in their area of responsibility. Objective: To explore the factors associated with the experiences of subelite athletes who play through pain in gymnastics, rowing, and speed skating. Design: The authors conducted semistructured interviews with subelite athletes, coaches, and rehabilitation specialists. They recruited coach participants through their provincial sport organization. Athletes of the recruited coaches who were recovering from a musculoskeletal injury and training for a major competition were then recruited. They also recruited rehabilitation specialists who were known to treat subelite athletes independently by e-mail. Setting: An observation session was conducted at the athlete’s training facility. Interviews were then conducted either in a room at the university or at a preferred sound-attenuated location suggested by the participant. Participants: The authors studied 5 coaches, 4 subelite athletes, and 3 rehabilitation specialists. Interventions: The authors photographed athletes during a practice shortly before an important competition, and we interviewed all the participants after that competition. Our photographs were used during the interview to stimulate discussion. Results: The participant interviews revealed 3 main themes related to playing through pain. They are: Listening to your body, Decision making, and Who decides. Conclusion: When subelite athletes, striving to be the best in their sport continue to train with the pain of an injury, performance is affected in the short-term and long-term consequences are also possible. Our study provides some insight into the contrasting forces that athletes balance as they decide to continue or to stop.

Download Full-text

Macroeconomic Synchronization Between G3 Countries

German Economic Review ◽

10.1111/1468-0475.00055 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 137-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amado Peirό

Keyword(s):

Business Cycle ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Short Term ◽

The Us ◽

Production Prices ◽

Over Time

AbstractThis paper studies the existence of a world business cycle by examining quarterly and annual comovements in production, prices and interest rates in the three main world economies: Germany, Japan and the US. In accordance with earlier studies, contemporaneous relationships clearly dominate short-term dynamics. The evidence indicates the existence of strong comovements in prices and long-term interest rates, and, to a lesser degree, in GDP and short-term interest rates. They are, however, rather unstable over time.

Download Full-text

IMPLANTS AND INJECTIONS ARE FAVORITE CONTRACEPTION TOOLS IN SUMATERA SELATAN

Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas ◽

10.25311/keskom.vol5.iss3.383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Mukni Mukni

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Planning ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Short Term ◽

Simple Linear Regression Analysis

Background: The choice of contraception by family planning acceptors greatly determines the success rate of the family planning program, because not all contraceptives are suitable for someone. This study aims to determine what types of contraceptives chosen by family planning acceptors and whether there is a relationship between the selection of contraceptives there is a relationship with the poverty level in the District / City in South Sumatra in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The source of data obtained from the Provincial BPS South Sumatra. Methodology: This study uses a descriptive approach with a simple linear regression analysis method. Results: The results of the analysis were grouped into two, first long-term contraception method KB IUD, MOW, MOP and implants, both short-term contraceptive methods namely injection KB, pill and condom from 17 regencies / cities in South Sumatra. Conclusion: contraception devices that are mostly chosen by long-term contraceptive methods are implants (10000-35000) or 10-20 times larger than other contraceptives. Short-term contraceptive methods are injections, (7700 - 76000) or 5-7 times greater than other contraceptives. From the simple linear regression analysis it turns out that the relationship of long-term contraceptive selection by acceptors with the poverty level is R² = 0.7382 and the short-term method R² = 0.9223. District / City Governments in South Sumatra should provide alokon (contraceptive devices and drugs) in accordance with the type and amount in the field to be on target

Download Full-text

Disentangling niche theory and beta diversity change

10.1101/2021.07.05.451214 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William Godsoe ◽

Peter J Bellingham ◽

Elena Moltchanova

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

Price Equation ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

Environmental Requirements ◽

Habitat Specialists ◽

Montane Tropical Forest ◽

Ecological Drift ◽

Over Time

Beta diversity describes the differences in species composition among communities. Changes in beta diversity over time are thought to be due to selection based on species' niche characteristics. For example, theory predicts that selection that favours habitat specialists will increase beta diversity. In practice, ecologists struggle to predict how beta diversity changes. To remedy this problem, we propose a novel solution that formally measures selection's effects on beta diversity. Using the Price equation, we show how change in beta diversity over time can be partitioned into fundamental mechanisms including selection among species, variable selection among communities, drift, and immigration. A key finding of our approach is that a species' short-term impact on beta diversity cannot be predicted using information on its long-term environmental requirements (i.e. its niche). We illustrate how our approach can be used to partition causes of diversity change in a montane tropical forest before and after an intense hurricane. Previous work in this system highlighted the resistance of habitat specialists and the recruitment of light-demanding species but was unable to quantify the importance of these effects on beta diversity. Using our approach, we show that changes in beta diversity were consistent with ecological drift. We use these results to highlight the opportunities presented by a synthesis of beta diversity and formal models of selection.

Download Full-text

Contrarian and Momentum Strategies in the Indian Capital Market

Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers ◽

10.1177/0256090920020103 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sanjay Sehgal ◽

I Balakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Stock Returns ◽

Indian Market ◽

Momentum Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Momentum Strategy ◽

Momentum Strategies ◽

Holding Period ◽

The Us ◽

One Year

The study attempts to evaluate if there are any systematic patterns in stock returns for the Indian market. The empirical findings reveal that there is a reversal in long-term returns, once the short-term momentum effect has been controlled by maintaining a one year gap between portfolio formation period and the portfolio holding period. A contrarian strategy based on long-term past returns provides moderately positive returns. Further, there is a continuation in short-term returns and a momentum strategy based on it provides significantly positive payoffs. The results in general are in conformity with those for developed capital markets such as the US.

Download Full-text