HOW OPEN DO MNCS NEED TO BE TO EXTRACT VALUE IN OPEN INNOVATION?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450035 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER WILLIAMS ◽  
JAAP VOSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Value Appropriation ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

We investigate the relationship between openness and value appropriation in the open innovation strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs). Previous research has suggested an inverted U-shaped relationship between external knowledge sourcing and innovative performance of firms engaged in open innovation (Laursen and Salter, 2006). Little research, however, has been conducted on the specific relationship between openness and value appropriation in the context of open innovation involving MNCs. To address this, we conduct a sequential mixed-methods study involving: (1) interviews with 31 elite key informants in large, well-known MNCs, and (2) a survey questionnaire of innovation managers in 75 MNCs. We find strong support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between openness and value appropriation in MNCs engaging in open innovation. Our interview data provides rich and substantive insight into this relationship. We discuss implications for theory and practice.

How can Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Enhance Enterprise Performance?

2012 ◽  
pp. 163-197
Author(s):  
Ana-Cristina Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beneficial Outcome ◽  
Insight Into

By analyzing the experience in Romania, this study aims to provide insight into the relationship between SMEs’ CSR activities and their economic competitiveness in the light of innovation, mandatory in times of economic crisis, and emphasize the idea that business as usual is no longer acceptable. In addition to providing research on the general situation of CSR in Romania, this case is also describing the most relevant (public) actors engaged in this issue, the level of deployment of CSR among SMEs, as well as the characteristics of these activities. In order to prove that innovative CSR initiatives are a positive investment resulting in an economically beneficial outcome for the businesses, that can be disseminated via open innovation networks, a number of five Good Practice case studies have been identified and described in-depth.

How can Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Enhance Enterprise Performance?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1690-1724
Author(s):  
Ana-Cristina Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beneficial Outcome ◽  
Insight Into

By analyzing the experience in Romania, this study aims to provide insight into the relationship between SMEs’ CSR activities and their economic competitiveness in the light of innovation, mandatory in times of economic crisis, and emphasize the idea that business as usual is no longer acceptable. In addition to providing research on the general situation of CSR in Romania, this case is also describing the most relevant (public) actors engaged in this issue, the level of deployment of CSR among SMEs, as well as the characteristics of these activities. In order to prove that innovative CSR initiatives are a positive investment resulting in an economically beneficial outcome for the businesses, that can be disseminated via open innovation networks, a number of five Good Practice case studies have been identified and described in-depth.

scholarly journals Reflection on the Relationship between Cultural-historical Theory and Dialectics

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dafermos
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Creative Insight ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Historical Theory

Challenging dominant positivistic psychology, Vygotsky elaborated cultural-historical theory in order to overcome the crisis in psychology. Spinoza’s monism, Hegelian dialectics and Marx’s materialistic dialectics inspired Vygotsky to develop a dialectical understanding of the development of higher mental functions. Dialectics as a way of thinking focuses on the study of each concrete object in its mutual connections with other objects, in its internal contradictions and in its process of change. Vygotsky criticized the understanding of dialectics as a sum of universal principles which can be applied in a direct way in the field of psychology and highlighted the complex relationships between philosophy and concrete scientific disciplines. Rethinking cultural-historical psychology in the light of dialectics offers a creative insight into crucial theoretical questions of psychology such as the interconnection between theory and practice, objectivist-subjectivist distinction, etc. Dialectical underpinnings of cultural-historical theory have been forgotten in mainstream, North-Atlantic interpretations and applications of Vygotsky’s theory.

The Cybernetics of Innovation and Knowledge

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Brian Hilton ◽  
Maris Farquaharson ◽  
George Kuk ◽  
Miao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Maker ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
General System ◽  
General Systems Theory ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
General Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Government Policy Maker

This paper begins to introduce the General Systems Theory and ‘Cybernetics' concept. Then, it sets out to integrate these two theories to gain insight into the processes driving the distinct processes of open, user driven innovation and closed producer driven innovation. By using the simplest model of control the modulation of the relationship between a fast expansive dynamic and a slow constraining one, and then by construction, this paper demonstrates that by bundling three such systems together in overlapping bundles of three, one can create a viable self-sustaining more general system with five levels. After that, this paper demonstrates how such system is made manifest in the Silicon Valley Index of innovation. Some arguments have been given, like open innovation is characterized by volumes of venture capital generated and closed innovation by the number of patents produced. This integrated new model is applied to China, in order to create a more innovative society. The end of this paper provides some suggestions to Chinese government policy maker.

The relationship between the enabling use of controls, employee empowerment, and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Baird ◽  
Sophia Su ◽  
Rahat Munir
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Empirical Insight

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between Simons’ (2000) enabling (beliefs and interactive) use of controls with employee empowerment, and the subsequent influence on organisational performance. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was distributed to 636 Australian manufacturing organisations. Findings The findings indicate that the enabling use of controls is associated, both directly and indirectly, through the level of employee empowerment, with organisational performance. Originality/value This paper provides an initial empirical insight into the relationship between the use of controls with the level of employee empowerment. The findings highlight the significant interrelationship between the enabling use of controls and employee empowerment and the importance of both facets in enhancing organisational performance.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

The Annual Reports of the Prison Commissioners for Scotland and Religion, 1903–1931

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Cameron McKay
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century penologists began to explore the possibility that environment and upbringing, as opposed to individual choice, were the causes criminality. The Prison Commissioners for Scotland, the devolved body who administered prisons north of the border, were not immune to this wider trend. Smith has argued that from the 1890s onwards the Commissioners began to accept that criminality was caused by social problems, namely alcoholism, but also parental neglect, poor education and poverty. In their efforts to test these new criminological theories, the Commissioners began to make more careful enquiries into the backgrounds of their charges. From 1896 to 1931 the Commissioners interviewed a sample of prisoners each year and included the findings in their annual report. Although the main focus of these interviews was on the upbringing and drinking habits of prisoners; by the 1900s the Commissioners seem to have added irreligion to the growing list of etiological causes of crime, and from 1903 onwards prisoners were asked to give details on their religious habits. Although it is debateable how much the Prison Commissioners revealed about the relationship between religion and crime, they did however provide a useful insight into the religiosity of the average prisoner.

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