STANDING GROUND? THE INFLUENCES OF KNOWLEDGE DIVERSITY AND TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITY ON GENERATIVE APPROPRIATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150076
Author(s):  
YOHAN CHOI ◽  
JEFFREY BARDEN ◽  
GILSOO LEE
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Knowledge Diversity ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Technological Opportunities

This study examines the determinants of a firm’s generative appropriation, defined as a firms’ effectiveness in capturing a larger share of cumulative inventions spawned from its prior inventions. Building on learning theory and the resource-based view, we investigate how a firm’s knowledge diversity across technological and geographic space influences generative appropriation. We also investigate how technology opportunities moderate the effect of knowledge diversity on generative appropriation. Using a longitudinal study of US manufacturing firms and using patents as a proxy for inventions, we find that technological knowledge diversity has a negative effect on generative appropriation and that technology opportunity weakens that effect. We also find that the effect of geographic diversity is contingent on the availability of technological opportunities. When technology opportunity is low, moderate geographic diversity leads to higher generative appropriation than high or low geographic diversity does. However, when technology opportunity is high, geographic diversity appears to have a monotonically negative effect on generative appropriation. These results highlight the way the cumulative and preclusive learning of prior knowledge depend on a firm’s knowledge diversity and technology opportunities.

A Longitudinal Study of Mental Health in Emerging Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S. Bachmann ◽  
Hansjörg Znoj ◽  
Katja Haemmerli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Health Model

Emerging adulthood is a time of instability. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between mental health and need satisfaction among emerging adults over a period of five years and focused on gender-specific differences. Two possible causal models were examined: (1) the mental health model, which predicts that incongruence is due to the presence of impaired mental health at an earlier point in time; (2) the consistency model, which predicts that impaired mental health is due to a higher level of incongruence reported at an earlier point in time. Emerging adults (N = 1,017) aged 18–24 completed computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003 (T1), 2005 (T2), and 2008 (T3). The results indicate that better mental health at T1 predicts a lower level of incongruence two years later (T2), when prior level of incongruence is controlled for. The same cross-lagged effect is shown for T3. However, the cross-lagged paths from incongruence to mental health are marginally associated when prior mental health is controlled for. No gender differences were found in the cross-lagged model. The results support the mental health model and show that incongruence does not have a long-lasting negative effect on mental health. The results highlight the importance of identifying emerging adults with poor mental health early to provide support regarding need satisfaction.

Relationship Between Symptom Distress and Fatigue Characteristics in Patients with Gastric Cancer During 1 Month after Gastrectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110352
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Yang ◽  
Yun-Hsiang Lee ◽  
Jin-Ming Wu ◽  
I-Rue Lai ◽  
Shiow-Ching Shun
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Northern Taiwan

This study’s purpose was to describe changes in symptom distress and fatigue characteristics identifying which symptoms significantly impacted fatigue characteristics of patients with Gastric Cancer (GC) within 1 month after gastrectomy. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. Patients with GC who were scheduled for gastrectomy were recruited from surgical outpatient clinics and surgery wards in northern Taiwan. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires before (T0) and 7 (T1) and 28 days (T2) after gastrectomy. Over all, 86 patients experienced mild levels of fatigue and symptom distress. The changes in worst fatigue and fatigue interference were greatest at T1. Anxiety had a significant negative effect on both worst fatigue and fatigue interference. Dry mouth, pain, and body image had significant deleterious effects on worst fatigue. The co-occurring symptoms affecting fatigue for patients with GC in the acute phase after gastrectomy should be actively assessed to ensure optimal fatigue management.

scholarly journals Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper investigates firm-specific determinants of firm profitability for Romanian listed companies over the 2000-2011 period within the framework of resource based view of the firm. The results show that tangibles, leverage, size and labour intensity have negative effect on firm performance, while sales growth and value added have a positive effect. The results prove robust when introducing two-way fixed effects model and industry year effects model (in order to simultaneously account for specific industry characteristics and time effects).

Do older workers really reduce firm productivity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokwon Lee ◽  
Joowoong Park ◽  
Jae-Suk Yang
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growing Conditions

In this article, we examine the effect of workforce ageing on company productivity, using an analysis based on Korean firms. We found that an increase in the ratio of workers aged over 50 years to total workers had a negative effect on value added per worker, which was consistent with the findings of most previous studies based on European data. However, the results of the analysis, including various classifications such as size, industry and several financial conditions, revealed that an increase in the ratio of older workers had positive effects on value added per worker in large manufacturing firms under risky or growing conditions. As the productivity of older workers may vary, future research may determine under what conditions – size, industry, region and financial conditions – older workers contribute positively to productivity. Firms with financial troubles or those planning to downsize should be cautious about laying off older workers as an approach to improving organisational performance because these workers contribute positively to productivity under certain conditions. JEL Codes: J24, J54, N3

scholarly journals Loose Monetary Policy and Corporate Investment of Manufacturing Firms in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385
Author(s):  
Veronika Kajurová ◽  
Dagmar Linnertová
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effects of loose monetary policy on corporate investment of manufacturing firms in the Czech Republic during the period between 2006 and 2015. The main focus of the paper is on the effect of low interest rates on investment activity of Czech firms; additionally, the effects of interactions between interest rate and other firm-specific variables are investigated. The results indicate that corporate investment is positively associated with firm size, investment opportunities, and long term debt. Also, a negative effect of the cash position is found. Further, the findings show that monetary policy is a significant determinant of firm investment activity: when the monetary policy is loose, investment is positively affected. Furthermore, differences in the determinants of investment between highly and low leveraged firms were revealed.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Reactions of Medical Students to the Dissection Room

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-919
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Background: Students get their first experiences of dissecting human cadavers in the practical classes of anatomy. These experiences may help in their profession, but may also create some problems for students Aims: To find out the attitudes and reactions of medical students to the dissection room. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 309 first year MBBS students at the local college of Lahore with no previous experience of cadaver dissection. Students were filled a questionnaire. The questionnaire designedwas based to identify the feelings and problems faced by the students in their first exposure to the human cadaver. Results: Almost 25% students experience no symptom on first entry into the dissecting room. The commonest symptoms of 75% students were insomnia, dizziness, sweating, loss of appetite and palpitation. Other symptoms reported were breathlessness, skin irritation, irritation of the eye, etc. Focusing on task was the main coping strategy used by majority of students. Conclusion: The majority of the students initially experience nausea and fear that may reduce with time while excitement and interest had increased on ensuing exposure to dissection.Study concluded that the negative effect of dissection room on students is less than the benefits of dissection of cadaver. Anticipation felt by the students to learn dissecting the cadaver was relatively high. Keywords: Cadaver, Dissection room, Medical students.

scholarly journals Antecedents of Intention to Use E-Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 05006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairudin ◽  
Susi Herawati ◽  
Desi Ilona ◽  
Zaitul
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Plan Behaviour ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Facility Condition ◽  
Learning Concept

This study investigates the effect of Attitude toward e-learning, Facility condition, and Personalization on intention to use e-learning. theory of plan behaviour is used to understand the antecedents of intention to use e-learning. Using academic staffs as a research object and SEM-PLS, we conclude that Attitude toward e-learning and Personalization have a positive relationship with intention to use e-learning. However, Facility condition has a negative effect on intention to use e-learning. This study partially contributes to theory of plan behaviour. This finding also could be used by university to formulate e-learning concept by considering the significant antecedents in this study.

A Longitudinal Study of Iranian Fans’ Cyberbullying: The Utility of Social Learning Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1616-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat ◽  
Saeed Kabiri ◽  
Hayden Smith ◽  
John K. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory

scholarly journals THE HARMONIZED EFFECTS OF GENERIC STRATEGIES AND BUSINESS CAPABILITIES ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Zafer Acar ◽  
Cemal Zehir
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Generic Strategies

Resource‐based view and the positioning theory are the two main approaches which are considered as contrary to each other in order to achieve competitive advantage and superior business performance. In this study, the main subject is to harmonize these two theories with a research model which is based on the assumption that business strategy is more effective when pursued with related capabilities. To perform the study, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 445 owners/executives of manufacturing firms. We measured business capabilities in terms of management, production, marketing‐sales, information system, logistics and external relationship dimensions. Component factors and key variables for the constructs, which are identified through a literature review, are confirmed using AMOS 16.0. Then data have been analyzed to test the hypothesis by using SPSS 15.0. As a result, separate and harmonized effects of business capabilities (BC) and generic strategies (GS) on business performance have been examined. Santrauka Ištekliais pagristas požiūris ir pozicionavimo teorijos yra du pagrindiniai požiūriai, prieštaraujantys vienas kitam siekiant konkurencinio pranašumo ir aukščiausio verslo efektyvumo. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo objektas – minetuju teoriju suderinimas taikant tyrimo modeli, kuris grindžiamas prielaida, kad verslo strategija yra efektyvesne, kai vykdoma atsižvelgiant i verslo galimybes. Tyrimui parengta anketine apklausa. Apklausti 445 gamybos imoniu savininkai ir (arba) vadovai. Vertintos verslo galimybes pagal valdyma, gamyba, rinkodara, pardavima, informacine sistema, logistika ir išorinius santykius. Sudetiniu veiksniu ir pagrindiniu kintamuju sudetis, nustatyta remiantis literatūros apžvalga, patvirtinta taikant AMOS 16.0. Norint tai patvirtinti hipotezemis, buvo analizuojami duomenys naudojantis SPSS 15.0. Galiausiai buvo tiriamas atskiras bei darnus verslo galimybiu ir bendru strategiju poveikis verslo efektyvumui.

Automotive Components Industry and Profitability Factors: Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 097226292095500
Author(s):  
J. Vineesh Prakash ◽  
D. K. Nauriyal
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
The Past ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Negative Effect

Based upon the dataset drawn from Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database, World Bank and Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for a period 2000–2015, this article tests the persistence of profitability and checks the validity of Resource-Based View (RBV) in elucidating the variations in profitability on an industry-specific setting that is, Indian automotive components industry under a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) framework. The article finds that the persistence of profits is positive and moderate, indicating that the industry is reasonably competitive. The results further suggest that the past R&D intensity, export intensity, size, labour productivity growth, and GDP growth have a positive bearing on the current profitability, while current R&D intensity, A&M intensity, capital intensity, firm leverage and output of OEMs were found to have exercised negative effect. Since past R&D intensity is found to be positively influencing the current profitability, this article infers that RBV holds for this industry.

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