China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550021
Author(s):  
Ying CHEN ◽  
Liyong LIU ◽  
Ying ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urbanization Development ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Urbanization Pattern and Economic Recovery: An Analysis of Hubei, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9577
Author(s):  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
Xueli Wang ◽  
Keke Zhang ◽  
Zikan Ke
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In the context of the rapid development of urbanization and increasing population mobility in China, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on China’s economy and society. This article uses China UnionPay transaction data and takes Hubei, the worst-hit region by COVID-19 in China, as an example, to conduct empirical analysis using the generalized method of moments (GMM) of the impact of current urbanization patterns on the spread of the epidemic and economic recovery from the perspectives of time, industry, and regional differences. The study found that during the different stages of COVID-19, including discovery, outbreak, and subsidence, the overall impact of urbanization on the economy in Hubei Province was first positive, then became negative, and finally gradually increased. This process had significant industrial and urban heterogeneity, which was mainly manifested in losses in tourism and catering industries that were significantly greater than those in the audio-visual entertainment and digital office industries. Similarly, the recovery speed of large cities was lower than that of small and medium-sized cities. The main reason for these differences is that the one-sided problem of urbanization is more obvious in areas with higher urbanization rates. COVID-19 has drawn attention to the development of urbanization in the future, that is, the development path of one-sided economic resource agglomeration and scale expansion should be abandoned, with greater attention paid to the improvement of service functions and the development of amenities. This transformation is necessary to enhance urban economic resilience and reduce public health risks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Guo ◽  
Sidong Xie ◽  
Chulin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

Stock Market Reaction on Green-Bond Issue: Evidence from Indian Green-Bond Issuers

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110225
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Rohit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bond Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: A green bond is a financial instrument issued by governments, financial institutions and corporations to fund green projects, such as those involving renewable energy, green buildings, low carbon transport, etc. This study analyses the effect of green-bond issue announcement on the issuer’s stock price movement. It shows the reaction of the stock price after the issue of green bonds. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. Green-bond issue dates have been collected from newspaper articles from different online sources, such as Business Standard, The Economic Times, Moneycontrol, etc. The closing prices of stocks have been taken from the NSE (National Stock Exchange of India Limited) website. An event window of 21 days has been fixed for the study, including the 10 days before and after the issue date. Data analysis is carried out through the event study method using the R software. Calculation of abnormal returns is done using three models: mean-adjusted returns model, market-adjusted returns model and risk-adjusted returns model. Findings: The results show that the issue of green bonds has a significant positive effect on the stock price. Returns increase after the green-bond issue announcement. Although the announcement day shows a negative return for all the samples taken for the study, the 10-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is positive. Thus, green-bond issues lead to positive sentiments among investors. Research implications: This research article will help the government issue more green bonds so that the proceeds can be utilized for green projects. The government should motivate corporations and financial institutions to issue more green bonds to help the economy grow. In India, very few organizations have issued a green bond. It will be beneficial if these players issue green bonds, as it will increase the firms’ value and boost returns to the investors. Originality/value: The effect of green-bond issue on stock returns has been analysed in some studies in developed countries. This is the first study to examine the impact of green-bond issue on stock returns in the Indian context, to the best of our knowledge.

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

scholarly journals Energy Security Problem amid Global Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-784
Author(s):  
Yury V. Borovsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In the early 2020s the worlds transition from carbon-intensive to climate-neutral energy use has already become a discernible and a difficult-to-reverse process. With Joe Bidens election as US president, the United States have returned to the Paris Climate Agreement and have become a key driver of this process (along with the EU and China). As a result, the international community has reached a consensus on the ongoing energy transition. This process will require considerable effort and may take several decades. Nevertheless, the impact of energy transition on traditional approaches to energy security, which emerged largely as a result of the global oil crises of the 1970s and 1980s and are centered around the supply of fossil fuels, is already a relevant research topic. This problem is examined relying on the relevant terminological, theoretical and factual material. The article concludes that energy transition will ultimately undermine the carbon paradigm that has underpinned energy security policies since the 1970s. Rapid development of renewable and other low-carbon energy sources will certainly remove key energy security risks of energy importers and, possibly, allow them to achieve energy independence. However, a post-carbon era may also generate new risks. For countries that rely heavily on oil, gas and coal exports, energy transition will result in the loss of markets and revenues. It may present an energy security threat for them as well as it will require a costly and technologically complex process of the energy sector decarbonization. Some exporters, especially those with high fuel rents and insufficient financial reserves, may face serious economic and social upheavals as a result of energy transition. The EU and the US energy transition policies reflect provisions of all three fundamental international relations theoretical paradigms, including realism. This means that the EU and the US policy, aimed at promoting climate agenda, may be expected to be rather tough and aggressive. China as the third key player in energy transition is still following a liberal course; however, it may change in the future.

scholarly journals The Impact of China’s Low-Carbon Initiative on the Location Expansion of International SPA Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Zhao ◽  
Chong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

“Fast fashion” represents a short product life cycle, and international SPA enterprises are therefore criticised as representatives of high energy consumption, pollution, and emissions, which is contrary to China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality. In the context of China’s shift to a low-carbon economic development model, how should SPA enterprises breakthrough in the face of China’s large-scale market advantage and domestic demand potential? Based on the statistics of 277 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2018, this article selects 5 leading international SPA enterprises and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the impact of low-carbon initiative on the location expansion of international SPA enterprises. The results suggest that the quantity of location expansions of SPA enterprises in the pilot cities is significantly lower by approximately 0.418 units compared with the nonpilot cities, implying that the low-carbon initiative has a significant inhibitory effect on the location expansion of SPA enterprises. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is valid. The results of the heterogeneity test suggest that the suppression effect is mainly found in the subsample of central cities and cities with medium and low levels of economic development. This article proposes that SPA enterprises should reduce their carbon emissions and gradually explore a green and sustainable development path.

scholarly journals Currency liberalization and its impact on the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Valentyna Harkavenko ◽  
◽  
Galina Yershova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Examining the transformation of financial relations in Ukraine, in the previous article the authors analyzed the impact of foreign capital on the economic development of this country’s economy and found that its concentration in certain economic activities contributed to consolidating its raw material orientation. The authors conclude that due to the distorted model of Ukraine's economic development, successful practices of developed countries to attract foreign investment and reform the financial sector are ineffective in this country’s economy. Continuing the study of the transformations of financial relations in Ukraine, which are taking place under the influence of the approximation of domestic legislation to European standards, the authors could not leave aside the question of impact of the liberalization of currency legislation on the economy. Given that currency liberalization significantly affects the behavior of foreign investors, the authors conducted an in-depth analysis of legislative changes in the financial sector, and described the main results of their implementation. The positive and negative consequences of currency liberalization in Ukraine for business entities and the economy in general are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the risks associated with the liberalization of operations related to the movement of capital and the behavior of non-residents in the financial market of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine’s economy with its distorted development model belongs to the financially and institutionally weak ones, hence is not presently ready to liberalize its monetary relations, which could only deepen the deformations and reduce resilience to macroeconomic imbalances.

Based on Comparable Price Energy Input-Output Table of Xinjiang to Research Low Carbon Economic Development Strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576
Author(s):  
Yuan Sheng Huang ◽  
Lu Tong Li
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Table ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Advanced Production

Based on the input-output theory, the paper using the comparable price energy input-output table,quantitatively estimates the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department,and analyzes the growth of the implicit carbon emissions of the resident consumption through the structure decomposition.Conclusion indicates:From 1992 to 1997, the mean of the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department in Xinjiang had been rising; From 1997 to 2007, the mean of the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department had been declining;The implicit carbon emissions of Hydropower industry, the fire power and other seven similar industrial department were higher than that of each industrial department so that Xinjiang should strengthen monitoring on the high energy consumption.The implicit carbon emissions of the resident consumption was still in the trend of ceaseless growth and all of that states clearly that the economic grows at the cost of the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions.Xinjiang should introduce foreign advanced production technology,further optimizing the structure of the resident consumption.

Research on Foreign Trade Strategy of China under the Perspective of Low Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4442-4445
Author(s):  
Lei Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Global View ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Net Export

China's foreign trade implicit carbon net export country, China's huge trade surplus has brought the huge net exports implicit carbon emissions. There are quite a part of China's large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions is through exports to developed countries bear, only from a unilateral think China bring huge argument for carbon emissions is unfair. For this kind of problem, it should establish and improve the corresponding system and inspection system, and from the Angle of final consumption. It clears the main culprit of a carbon emissions and the necessary assumption of responsibility. Developed countries as an excuse and a carbon tariff on China's export products, an apparent bad intentions with trade protectionism. The international community should see China sacrifice for the development of the world, from a global view of China's carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Review of sustainable diets: are nutritional objectives and low-carbon-emission objectives compatible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Doro ◽  
Vincent Réquillart
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Food systems in developed countries face one major challenge, namely the promotion of diets that are both healthy and generate less greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). In this article, we review papers evaluating the impact of a change in diets on both health and GHGE. We address the following questions: How big are the health and environmental impacts that could be induced by a switch to healthier diets? In monetary value, what is the relative importance of the health impact and the environmental impact? Is it possible to design an economic policy to increase global welfare that also takes into account the externalities on both health and the environment? Since the way the change in diet is modeled is a key issue, we classify papers according to the methodology used for simulating diet changes: ad hoc scenarios, optimized diets, and economic modeling. We find that it is possible to design economic policies that have positive impacts on both dimension. Because the substitutions/complementarities between food products are complex, it is not granted that a policy targeting one dimension will generate positive effects on the other dimensions. However, given the diversity of substitution and the complementarity possibilities between products, it is possible to design a policy that does improve both dimensions. A carbon-based tax policy that targets the products with a high greenhouse gas content (e.g., meat products) and reinvests the revenues collected with the tax to subsidize the consumption of fruit and vegetables, is likely to have positive effects on both dimensions.

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