scholarly journals Sino-Swiss Strategic Partnership: A Model for China-Europe Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Shichen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Sensitive Issues

After signing a bilateral free trade agreement with China and joining in the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), Switzerland has become one of China’s best partners in Europe. The bilateral relationship has been upgraded from “strategic partnership” to “innovative strategic partnership,” and is regarded by the Chinese as “a model relationship for China-European countries.” Two fundamental reasons explain why Switzerland has achieved such harmonious relations with the world’s second largest economy: first, there is no historical conflict between the two countries; second, Switzerland is more pragmatic than other European countries in strengthening bilateral cooperation with China. So far, the two countries have institutionalized dialogues and other exchanges involving both elites and the public; sensitive issues have been properly handled without obstructing the development of their bilateral relations. As ever closer ties are being built between China and Europe as a whole, the Beijing-Bern relationship can serve as a model for other European countries.

scholarly journals The Firm Friendship: Turkish–Ukrainian Cooperation

2019 ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Yağmur Ahmet Güldere
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

The article examines the cooperation of Turkey and Ukraine and its future prospects. It is mentioned that Turkey defined Ukraine as a top-priority partner in 2003, and in 2011, this concept was transformed into a strategic partnership. It is noted that trade turnover between the two countries currently stands at $4,1 billion. However, a larger volume is eminently achievable, which has prompted the leaders to announce $10 billion as the new benchmark of bilateral trade. Turkish entrepreneurs firmly believe in the future of Ukraine and put huge investments into it. Telecommunications, renewable energy, construction, and agriculture are a few main sectors supported by the Turkish business community, which contributes to strengthening the Ukrainian economy. The visa free regime between the two countries has led to the upswing of tourism, where the number of visitors has increased to 1,75 million people. With this fact in mind, the two states are taking an ever-growing interest in each other and boost cooperation in the realm of culture. In October 2017, the Yunus Emre Cultural Centre was inaugurated in Kyiv with the aim of providing Turkish classes and cooperating with Ukrainian stakeholders interested in the organisation of cultural events. It is underlined that Turkey has repeatedly confirmed its respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, namely in respect of Crimea and Donbas. Turkey is also closely cooperating with Ukraine on the international arena, in particular on matters relating to Crimean Tatars. The article concludes that Turkey and Ukraine have tremendous potential for cooperation and all the necessary tools to bring their bilateral relations to a new level. There are substantial grounds for the trade turnover to reach and even exceed $10 billion, especially if the free trade agreement is concluded. Apart from trade, general bilateral cooperation will encompass more realms, running the gamut from security to culture. The reason for this ambitious statement is not only efforts of the two states in this direction but also a sincere interest of the two nations in cooperation. Key words: Turkey, cooperation, trade, culture, tourism, security.

Creative Choices: Changes to Australian Copyright Law and the Future of the Public Domain

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Moore
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Extended Duration

Changes to Australian copyright law introduced under the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement will diminish the public domain, criminalise common copyright infringing practices and locally introduce significant portions of the controversial 1998 American Digital Millennium Copyright Act. This paper examines these imminent changes to Australian copyright law, with specific attention to the potential effects of the extended duration of copyright protection and the introduction of technological anti-circumvention measures. It argues that public domain-enhancing activities are crucial for sustaining cultural creativity and technological innovation, and discusses the potential role of the Creative Commons movement in establishing economically viable and legal alternatives to the current model of trade-oriented copyright reform.

India and EU will deepen strategic partnership

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Eu

Subject India-EU relationship. Significance During a visit to India visit last month, German Chancellor Angela Merkel urged renewed attempts to negotiate an India-EU free trade agreement (FTA). In recent years, Delhi and the EU have sought to strengthen bilateral relations, building on long-standing trade ties. The EU in November 2018 published a new strategy to increase strategic cooperation with India. Impacts India will step up dialogue with Germany, its main link to the EU post-Brexit. Delhi and Brussels will increase cooperation with Tokyo to develop infrastructure in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Region. EU-China relations will be strained, but bilateral trade will grow.

scholarly journals EU-Canada Strategic Partnership: Ups and downs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Verdun
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Agreement ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Signed in 1976, the EU-Canada relationship was the first bilateral agreement that the EU signed with an industrialised third country. Modest strengthening of the ties was achieved with the 2004 EU-Canada Partnership Agenda. A fully-fledged free trade agreement was in the works at this time, but suspended in 2006. The EU-Canada strategic partnership agreement (SPA) and the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) did not materialise until more than a decade later, in 2016. This paper focuses in particular on the strategic partnership dimension. It explores why an SPA was possible in 2016, but not before. To answer this question, the paper looks at four time periods. In so doing it explores the origins of the EU-Canada agreement, how the EU-Canada relationship changed over time, and examines how a more profound strategic partnership came about when it did. In its analysis it considers institutional, domestic and geopolitical factors. It briefly speculates about the possible future of this partnership.

Relations between Brazil and Spain under the Bolsonaro’s government

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
A. L. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
South American ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Partner

In this  article the   author examines in detail the   bilateral relations between Spain and Brazil during  the  presidency of  Jair Bolsonaro. In addition, the subject of this article is the opposition of EU governments to the   environmental  policies of  the   South  American country and the  disastrous policies of the  Brazilian authorities in the  fight  against the    COVID-19   pandemic.   President   Bolsonaro’s   negligence   of climate change  and Amazon deforestation has prompted European governments to openly oppose the  ratification of the  Mercosur – EU Free Trade Agreement, which  was signed in 2019 after 20 years of negotiations. In May  2016, the   parties agreed on  reciprocal terms, resulting in signing  of the  agreement. It also  included the  exchange of goods and services, essential investments and public procurements. All this was done in the  context of a global policy of protectionism amid a weakening role of the  WTO as a supporter of the  trade liberalization process.  Despite its  success,  countries such  as France,  Austria  and the  Netherlands stand against the  Mercosur – EU trade deal, which can halt  its  ratification. The  Spanish government, on  the   contrary, is lobbying for  ratification of  the   agreement. Madrid,  interested in benefiting from the  Bolsonaro government’s liberal economic policies, maintains strong ties  with  its  South  American partner.  The  author analyzes  the   transformation  of  Spain  from   a relatively  irrelevant partner of  Brazil in the   20th century to one of  the   main  investors directing significant resources to the Brazilian economy. We also assess the  results and challenges of the  Brazil – Spain strategic partnership in a broader context of the  Brazil – EU relations.

MERCOSUR and the Brazilian Leadership Challenge in the Era of Chinese Growth: A Uruguayan Foreign Policy Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Urdinez ◽  
Camilo López Burian ◽  
Amâncio Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
South American ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Global Player ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

AbstractIn recent years, China has expanded its presence in Latin America leading to increased trade flows, foreign direct investment, and bilateral cooperation agreements. At the same time, Brazil has attempted to emerge as a global player from its belief in itself as a regional leader. While both countries are part of the emerging South, they are also competing for influence in the South American area. We hypothesize that for MERCOSUR members, deepening commercial ties with China would be a viable option to counterbalance Brazil’s regional leadership, using Uruguayan legislators preferences as a tool for our study. Using logistic models, we conclude that that the probability of supporting a hypothetical free trade agreement with China is larger when politicians viewed MERCOSUR as an obstacle to the interests of his or her country and when he or she had doubts about Brazilian

The Free Trade Agreement and the Mexican Health Sector

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Cristina Laurell ◽  
Maria Elena Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
General Context ◽  
The Public

This article presents a discussion of the probable implications for the Mexican health sector of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The authors argue that the FTA should be seen as part of neoliberal policies adopted by the Mexican government in 1983 that are based on large-scale privatization and deregulation of labor relations. In this general context the health sector, which traditionally has been dominated by public institutions, is undergoing a deep restructuring. The main trends are the decapitalization of the public sector and a selective process of privatization that tends to constitute the private health sector in a field of capital accumulation. The FTA is likely to force a change in Mexican health legislation, which includes health services in the public social security system and recognizes the right to health, and to accelerate selective privatization. The U.S. insurance industry and hospital corporations are interested in promoting these changes in order to gain access to the Mexican market, estimated at 20 to 25 million persons. This would lead to further deterioration of the public institutions, increasing inequalities in health and strengthening the private sector. The historical trend toward the integration of a National Health Service in Mexico would be interrupted in favor of formation of a dual private-public system.

India-UK relations will strengthen markedly

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Indian Students

Significance Delhi and London have a strategic partnership, but relations have for many years been lukewarm. Each side has talked up the prospect of a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA). Impacts India-UK trade will grow, even without an FTA. The number of Indian students at UK universities will increase. COVID-19 vaccine development, along with science, technology and climate change, will be key areas of focus in bilateral consultations.

South Korea in 2011

Asian Survey ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Katrin Katz ◽  
Victor Cha
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Kim Jong Il ◽  
Global Player ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Japan And China

Abstract The year 2011 saw South Korea deepen bilateral cooperation with the United States while building its status as a global player on the international stage. These developments were facilitated by broader regional dynamics—particularly with respect to Japan and China—that helped push Washington and Seoul closer together. Key issues with the potential to redirect South Korea's bilateral and global trajectories in the coming months include the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, the death of Kim Jong-il and policy toward North Korea, and election year politics in South Korea.

scholarly journals Effects of Information Provision on Responses to Opinion Polls on the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Park Jin ◽  
Chae Jong Hun
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The Government

Two deliberative polls on the Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement were conducted in 2006 and 2007. In both experiments, the respondents become more negative toward the agreement after acquiring additional information provided by a panel discussion and a question-and-answer session In particular, approval for the expected benefits of the agreement dropped significantly, while perception of its costs remained relatively stable. This experiment shows that public support for the agreement may be vulnerable to counterargument. In spite of the current majority support, the government should step up its efforts to convince the public of the benefits of the agreement in a more tangible way.

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