scholarly journals The relative taxonomic value of morphological characters in the genus <i>Nummulites</i> (Foraminiferida)

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Racey
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Ontogenetic Effects

Abstract. The main evolutionary trends in the nummulites are briefly summarised and the value of certain morphological characters in species discrimination are summarised. The degree of interdependence of each morphological character on all other characters is assessed and the characters are weighted in order of importance. Environmental and ontogenetic effects on each character are then reviewed and the characters reweighted in order of importance.

Intraspecific variability of morphological characters in the species-rich deep-sea genus Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 (Nematoda: Chromadoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Maria A. Miljutina
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Acantholaimusis a species-rich genus of deep-sea nematodes, often with dozens of species found at the same locality but each represented by single or few individuals. Species discrimination by morphological characters in this genus is therefore often difficult due to transitional forms that may be referred to several species because of lack of data on intraspecific variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraspecific variability of morphological characters that are most often used inAcantholaimustaxonomy, in order to distinguish those which are most informative for species differentiation. A reverse taxonomic approach was applied for initial species discrimination. Two loci, one each from small and large subunits of rRNA, were sequenced for 59Acantholaimusspecimens from two deep-sea locations. Twenty-seven Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTU) were identified, of which 12 were represented by more than one individual. These were then analysed for intraspecific variability in morphological characters. Some of the examined characters showed high intraspecific variability; specifically: length of cephalic setae; distance from anterior end to amphid; shape of anterior setae; position and arrangement of cervical setae. In the absence of genetic data, these characters should be used with caution for differential diagnoses or species discrimination. Other characters were more conservative within the same MOTU: body proportions; length of outer labial setae; amphidial diam.; appearance of lateral field; general arrangement of cervical setae; and shape of tail. These characters may be successfully used for species discrimination in the absence of molecular data.

Filling missing links in albuneid crab distributions (superfamily Hippoidea) in the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Kumar ◽  
Shikha Rahangdale ◽  
Subal Kumar Roul
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
First Time

Abstract Albuneid crabs are specialized and active sand-burrowing organisms. Despite their substantial diversity, their ability to avoid fishing gear leads to “under collection” and a discontinuous record of distribution. The present study documents the first distributional record of Albunea occulta Boyko, 2002 from the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean. Albunea thurstoni Henderson, 1893 is also recorded for the first time from the area, i.e., from the Gulf of Mannar, southwestern Bay of Bengal. This study further reports variation in morphological characters, especially in the carapace grooves (CG) from previous records and across specimens from different regions. Morphometric characters were found useful in species discrimination, which is explained as well.

scholarly journals Morphological Character of Local Irrigated Rice on Farmer Field in North Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Janne H.W. Rembang ◽  
Abdul W. Rauf ◽  
Joula O.M. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Leaf Character

<p>Local rice is a potential germplasm as a source of genes that control important properties in rice plants. The research aimed to characterize the morphological character of local rice cultivars of North Sulawesi. The research was conducted from January to June 2015 in North Sulawesi. The method used was the descriptive qualitative method. Exploration was done by collecting samples of local rice cultivars in North Sulawesi. Each cultivar was characterized its morphological characters according to the Characterization and Evaluation Guidelines of Rice Germplasm. The local rice found in North Sulawesi were 10 varieties, namely Pulo Sawah, Superwin, CK, Serwo, Pilihan, Sako, Sito Merah, Sito Putih, TB, and Serayu. There were similarities of the characters from all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi, such as culm (culm strength and culm habit), leaf character (basal leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, collar color, and auricle color), and flower character (panicle exsertion and panicle attitude of branches). The character of grain morphology was very diverse for all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi.</p>

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Sartika Widowati ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Dan Trikoesoemaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weight Number

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes.<br /><br />Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogenetic<br /><br />

scholarly journals Cryptic Species Discrimination in Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Based on Morphological Characters and Geometric Morphometrics

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Osiris Valerio-Mendoza ◽  
Jazmín García-Román ◽  
Moises Becerril ◽  
Francisco Armendáriz-Toledano ◽  
Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pine Beetle

The western pine beetle (WPB), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, is a major mortality agent of pines in North America. A total of 706 adults of WPB from 81 geographical sites were analyzed with traditional and geometric morphometric methods to evaluate the variation of discrete and quantitative morphological characters with particular attention to the antenna, spermatheca, and seminal rod. Principal coordinates and canonical variate analyses supported three geographical groups in WPB: (1) West, from British Columbia to southern California along the Pacific coast, Idaho, and Montana; (2) East-SMOC, including Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, and Durango; and (3) SMOR, including Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The pubescence length on the elytral declivity was a robust character for separating West specimens from the other groups. Additionally, the genitalia shape both female and male in dorsal view was a reliable character for discriminating among groups. Based on these results, which agree with genetic and chemical ecology evidence, we herein reinstate Dendroctonus barberi Hopkins (East-SMOC group) and remove it from synonymy with D. brevicomis (West group). Differences in the spermatheca and seminal rod shape of SMOR specimens suggest that these populations might be a different species from D. barberi and D. brevicomis.

scholarly journals The Diversity And Classification Of Intraspecies Of Gembolo (Dioscorea Bulbifera L.) Based On Morphological Character

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Andri Prasetia ◽  
Purnomo ◽  
Budi Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Phenetic Relationship ◽  
Special Region

Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) is a dioecious, annual, herbaceous, climbing plants and has heart-shaped leaves. Gembolo has aerial tubers (bulbil) and main tuber that has irregular shapes, as well as many rough roots at the base of the stem. The purpose of this research is to know the phenetic relationship of the germplasm of Gembolo in Special Region of Yogyakarta based on morphological character. The results of this study are expected to provide information on intraspecies diversity, phenetic relationship and Gembolo distribution. Gembolo plant samples were taken from D.I Yogyakarta. The sample was observed based on the difference of morphological character, so the number of accessions obtained from D.I Yogyakarta could be determined. Morphological characters would be described and characterized to determine the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU’s). Based on morphological character data, then the grouping analysis was done by grouping analysis method and the dendrogram was formed by the method of Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) using Multivariate Statistical Program (MVSP) software version 3.1pc. The results showed that gembolo had morphological variation in tuber shape, stem color, leaf shape, leaf base shape and leaf tip shape. Based on the morphological characters, 2 main groups with the value of similarity index of 62,8% was formed. Group I consisted of four accessions with a similarity value of 85%. Group II consisted of eight accessions with a similarity value of 75%. A high similarity based on the morphological character on gembolo accession caused the gembolo plants in Special Region of Yogyakarta did not vary.

Phylogeny of Philornis Meinert species (Diptera: Muscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1530 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
MÁRCIA SOUTO COURI ◽  
CLAUDIO JOSÉ BARROS DE CARVALHO ◽  
PETER LÖWENBERG-NETO
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Old World ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Median Width

This study presents a cladistic analysis of the Neotropical Philornis species based on morphological characters of adults and larvae, as well as biological data on larvae. Forty-one species of Philornis were used in the analysis, which was based on a total of 64 characters and included six outgroup taxa, half of which belong to Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve, an Old World genus that shows the same variety of associations with birds as Philornis. Four most parsimonious cladograms (242 steps in length; ci=30; ri=69) were produced. According to the analysis, the genus Philornis is supported by the following synapomorphies (adults): only the pre-scutellar pair of acrostichal postsutural setae developed and setulae on anepimeron present. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis (strict consensus) shows a basal polytomy that includes the species that traditionally correspond to the “aitkeni-group”. This group is mainly defined by male characters, which are known for only about half of these species. The next clade is divided into two others, the first one supported by the homoplasies: cheek hairs yellow; setulae on anepimeron black on upper half and yellow on lower half and proepimeral hairs yellow. This group traditionally corresponds to the “falsificus-group” and more data on the biology of the species will certainly clarify and/or confirm their relationships. Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken is the sister group of all the remaining Philornis species. This third clade corresponds to the “angustifrons-group”, defined in this analysis by the following synapomorphies: concave shape of posterior end of puparium and the median width of female frons. These “traditional” groups, the relationships among the species and their evolutionary trends are discussed.

Characterisation of the Australian Nacophorini using adult morphology, and phylogeny of the Geometridae based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1736 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE J. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Character Set

The Australian Nacophorini and related taxa are described using a matrix of 116 adult morphological characters. Adults of 72 species are illustrated using photographs and electron micrographs. Subsets of the characters are used to conduct a phylogenetic analysis based on cladistic principles. The adult morphological character set was augmented with 17 characters from eggs and 27 from larvae. The resulting phylogeny is poorly resolved but provides support for many of the relationships recovered by previous molecular analyses of the group, including basal derivations for characters of Larentiinae and Sterrhinae relative to those of the rest of Geometridae, and the monophyly of the Geometrinae + Oenochrominae s. str. Combining 28S D2 datawith morphological data produced a matrix of 60 taxa and 590 characters. The majority rule consensus tree produced by the combined morphological and 28S D2 data is almost identical to the majority rule consensus tree produced by the 28S D2 data alone, except that bootstrap support is lower for most nodes. Common clades obtained from the molecular and morphological trees are described in terms of morphological data. On this basis a concept of the Australian Nacophorini includes Lithinini and Australian Archiearinae. Two robust groups within the tribe also are delimited using characters from all data sources. Comparsions are made between the Nearctic and Neotropical Nacophorini on the basis of shared morphological characters. Australian Boarmiini are defined by synapomorphies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH UKURAN BRAKTEA BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
IG.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽  
SIWI SUMARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Floral Bract ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
American Bollworm ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Hingga kini teknik perakitan varietas kapas tahan hama masih<br />dilakukan secara konvensional berdasarkan beberapa karakter morfologi<br />tanaman, seperti: bulu daun, daun okra, braktea berpilin, nektar, dan<br />gosipol tinggi. Karakter-karakter ini diketahui erat hubungannya dengan<br />ketahanan terhadap hama, khususnya H. armigera. Berkaitan dengan<br />serangan H. armigera pada buah, diduga ada bagian-bagian buah kapas<br />yang berkontribusi secara langsung pada serangan hama ini, misalnya<br />braktea buah. Namun demikian, besarnya pengaruh braktea terhadap<br />kerusakan buah kapas perlu dipelajari dalam upaya meminimalkan<br />kerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran<br />braktea terhadap tingkat kerusakan buah oleh H. armigera pada beberapa<br />aksesi kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian<br />Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur<br />mulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006. Sebanyak 18 aksesi dari 50<br />aksesi kapas dengan berbagai variasi ukuran braktea digunakan sebagai<br />perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok (RAK), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Lima tanaman kapas dari<br />masing-masing aksesi ditentukan secara acak, dan sebanyak 5 buah kapas<br />muda (diameter ± 4 cm) dipetik dari masing-masing tanaman sampel,<br />kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diukur luas braktea dan buahnya.<br />Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan kerusakan buah dan hasil kapas<br />berbiji di lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran braktea<br />berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat kerusakan buah (R 2 = 0,9014), sehingga<br />braktea berukuran besar dan lebar serta menutupi buah secara total<br />berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat serangan H. armigera lebih tinggi<br />dibanding braktea berukuran kecil dan sempit. Ukuran panjang dan lebar<br />braktea pada 18 aksesi kapas bervariasi antar aksesi dan masing-masing<br />berkorelasi positif dengan luas (R 2 = 0,876; R 2 = 0,894). Hasil penelitian<br />ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam merakit varietas tahan hama, dan<br />kombinasinya dengan karakter-karakter morfologi kapas yang sudah ada<br />untuk menghasilkan varietas kapas baru dengan tingkat ketahanan yang<br />lebih tinggi terhadap hama penggerek buah H. armigera.<br />Katakunci : Braktea, Helicoverpa armigera, aksesi kapas, karakter<br />morfologi.</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effects of bract size of several cotton accessions to<br />American bollworm injury level<br />Conventional  method  by  crossing  technique  based  on<br />morphological characters of plant is now still used in providing resistant<br />varieties of cotton against insect bollworms. A number of genetic<br />characters are now available and have been studying for their assosiation<br />with insect pests resistance such as hairiness, okra leaf, frego bract,<br />nectariless, and high gossypol. Regarding to boll damage by H. armigera,<br />it can be mentioned that there are many other morphological characters of<br />cotton attributable to bollworm damage, such as floral bract. As a part of<br />boll, it is estimated that bracts assosiated with bollworm attacked due to<br />their larger size compared with boll size. Objective of the study was to find<br />out the effect of bract size in relation to bollworm damage on cotton<br />accessions. The study was conducted at Experimental Station of<br />Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute in Asembagus,<br />Situbondo, East Java from January to December 2006. Eighteen of fifty<br />cotton accessions were used as treatment and they were arranged in<br />Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Five randomly<br />cotton plants from each accession and five young bolls were sampled<br />from the selected plant with about 4 cm of diameter were brought in the<br />laboratory to collect information on bract and boll sizes. Bollworm<br />damage was determined by counting the damaged bolls in the field as well<br />as the seed cotton yield. Result showed that bract size was positively<br />correlated with boll damage (R 2 = 0.9014). Higher damaged bolls occured<br />on bolls which is covered completely by bracts. There is variation between<br />length and wide size of bracts among cotton accessions and both showed<br />positive correlation to bract area (R 2 = 0.876; R 2 = 0.894). Based on this<br />study, higher resistance of cotton variety against H. armigera will<br />possiblly be provided through combination between bract size and any<br />other morphological characters of cotton.<br />Key words : Floral bract, Helicoverpa armigera, cotton accession,<br />morphological character</p>

scholarly journals Phylogenomics and barcoding ofPanax: toward the identification of ginseng species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manzanilla ◽  
A. Kool ◽  
Nhat L. Nguyen ◽  
H. Nong Van ◽  
H. Le Thi Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractBackgroundThe economic value of ginseng in the global medicinal plant trade is estimated to be in excess of US$2.1 billion. At the same time, the evolutionary placement of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and the complex evolutionary history of the genus is poorly understood despite several molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we use a full plastome phylogenomic framework to resolve relationships inPanaxand to identify molecular markers for species discrimination.ResultsWe used high-throughput sequencing of MBD2-Fc fractionatedPanaxDNA to supplement publicly available plastid genomes to create a phylogeny based on fully assembled and annotated plastid genomes from 60 accessions of 8 species. The plastome phylogeny based on a 163 kbp matrix resolves the sister relationship ofPanax ginsengwithP. quinquefolius. The closely related speciesP. vietnamensisis supported as sister ofP. japonicus. The plastome matrix also shows that the markerstrnC-rps16, trnS-trnG, andtrnE-trnMcould be used for unambiguous molecular identification of all the represented species in the genus.ConclusionsMBD2 depletion reduces the cost of plastome sequencing, which makes it a cost-effective alternative to Sanger sequencing based DNA barcoding for molecular identification. The plastome phylogeny provides a robust framework that can be used to study the evolution of morphological characters and biosynthesis pathways of ginsengosides for phylogenetic bioprospecting. Molecular identification of ginseng species is essential for authenticating ginseng in international trade and it provides an incentive for manufacturers to create authentic products with verified ingredients.

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