scholarly journals Computer analysis of benthic foraminiferal associations in a tidal New Zealand inlet

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Hayward ◽  
Christopher M. Triggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Muddy Sand ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Faunal Distribution ◽  
Normal Salinity

Abstract. Census data on benthic foraminiferal tests in 45 surface sediment samples from Pauatahanui Inlet, Wellington, New Zealand, are analysed by Correspondence Analysis and Non-Hierarchical classification techniques. The faunas are grouped into 7 associations: (A) Trochamminita irregularis/Miliammina fusca - at high tide level in a small tidal creek at the limits of salt water influence; (B) Trochammina inflata/Jadammina macrescens - in an extreme high tidal pool, close to the mouth of a small stream; (C) Miliammina fusca/Haplophragmoides wilberti/Trochammina inflata - intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 0.6 m depth), muddy sand over a large area in the upper reaches of the inlet, where most freshwater runoff enters; (D) Elphidium excavatum/Miliammina fusca - intertidal muddy sand associated with shelly beaches on the fringe of association C; (E) Ammonia beccarii/Haynesina depressula - in a wide variety of intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 3 m depth) sediments that form a belt between the more brackish associations (A–D) and the more normal salinity associations (F–G); (F) Bolivina cf. translucens/Textularia earlandi/Bolivina subexcavata - in mud to muddy, very fine sand in a shallow basin (1–2.5 m deep) in the middle of the inlet and in a small, sheltered backwater; (G) Elphidium charlottensis/Patellinella inconspicua/Quinqueloculina seminula - in sandy mud and muddy fine sand, intertidal to 10 m depth, in the mouth, entrance channel and adjacent outer and middle parts of the inlet, where a flush of normal salinity water enters during each tidal cycle.Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the factors most influential in determining the faunal distribution are, in decreasing importance: freshwater influence (salinity), exposure to the air during tidal cycles, proximity to the open sea, tidal current strength and percentage of mud in the substrate.

The annual temperature regime of a small stream in New Zealand

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Small Stream

‘For the sake of science and country’: the Ross Sea party 1914–1917

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Harrowfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Meteorological Observations

ABSTRACTIn December 1913 Sir Ernest Shackleton released a prospectus and announced The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. His goal was to undertake the first crossing of Antarctica from the Weddell Sea via the polar plateau to McMurdo Sound on the Ross Sea. The journey had already been attempted by Wilhelm Filchner whose shipDeutschland, had become beset in the Weddell Sea ice for nine months in 1912. Shackleton aimed ‘to make all possible scientific observations on [the Trans-Antarctic] journey; to carry on similar work by parties operating from the two bases on the Weddell and Ross Seas [and] to carry on scientific work, and travel unknown portions of the coastline, by the two ships of the expedition’(Shackleton 1913: 3). WithEndurancea continental crossing party of six led by Shackleton would begin from the Weddell Sea and a supporting depot laying party led byNimrodveteran Lieutenant Aeneas L.A. Mackintosh RNR, with the auxiliary barquentineAurorabased in McMurdo Sound. Unbeknown to each party, both experienced problems beyond their control.Endurancewas holed and sank in the Weddell Sea andAuroralocked in ice, although damaged, reached New Zealand. Here the ship was repaired and then undertook a relief expedition with Shackleton as a passenger, to McMurdo Sound. In spite of these major setbacks each party conducted valuable scientific observations.When Shackleton published his bookSouth(Shackleton 1919) on the expedition, compiled with New Zealand journalist and friend Edward Saunders, with exception of accounts on the Ross Sea party sledging and drift of the shipAurora, no recognition was given to work undertaken by the four Ross Sea party scientists and an assistant. Later publications have focused on the depot-laying, while books on Antarctic science have largely overlooked the science undertaken.The purpose of this paper is to make this better known, and to give credit to the four scientists involved. The science conducted although primarily concerned with meteorological observations, also covers limited glaciological observations including the ablation of lake ice, solution of glacier ice in salt water, tidal recordings, collection of zoological and other specimens, along with the use of improvised equipment to undertake observations. The science achieved was secondary to the field work. The Ross Sea party science was done however, under conditions not normally conducive for such field work with health issues a major contributing factor. A lack of funding, equipment, personality problems, concern forAuroraand crew, uncertainty of Shackleton's Antarctic crossing and their own relief, led to depression, sleeplessness and insomnia.

The Distribution of Nucula Turgida (Bivalvia: Protobranchia) From Dublin Bay, Ireland, and the Effect of Sediment Organic Content

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Wilson ◽  
Colin Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Muddy Sand ◽  
Sediment Organic Content

Recent investigations (Walker & Rees, 1980; Davis & Wilson, 1983b) have shown that the protobranch bivalve Nucula turgida (Leckenby and Marshall) occupies an important niche in the ecology of Dublin Bay, where it is the dominant organism over much of the southern part of the outer bay. This is an area of moderately sorted fine sand (Harris, 1980) with a pelite (silt and clay) fraction of less than 10% and a consequently low percentage of organic matter of around 1% (Davis & Wilson, 1983 b). Trevallion (1965) described the N. turgida habitat as one of firm muddy sand, adding that the animals avoided mud due to their inability to maintain position or feeding and respiratory currents and also avoided gravel due to their inability to burrow in coarse substrates.

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

scholarly journals Sediment Characterization and Monsoonal Impact on Beach Morphology at the Three Beaches along the Karachi Coast, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8185
Author(s):  
Sumera Farooq ◽  
Nazia Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
West Monsoon

Sediment characteristics plays important role in the determination and functioning of coastal ecosystems. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the variability in sediment characteristics of the three beaches: Clifton, Sandspit and Buleji, at the Karachi coast. The samples were collected during pre-monsoon and south-west monsoon seasons to evaluate the seasonal differences. The sediments of the three sites showed variations in moisture content, organic matter and grain size. The highest mean moisture (27.17%) and organic contents (3.5 %) were recorded from the sediments of Clifton. The maximum fraction of sediments (> 80 %) consist of fine to very fine sand at all studied sites. The sediments of Clifton were high in very fine sand fraction and low in coarse sand fraction as compared to Sandspit and Buleji. The sediments of all the three studied sites are moderately sorted, negatively coarse-skewed and showed leptokurtic distribution. The studied beaches of Clifton, Sandspit and Buleji shows dissimilarity in sediment characteristics as indicated through Cluster and PCA analysis. The monsoonal influence on sediment characteristics was also observed at all the three studied beaches. The strong wave action during SW monsoon season results in the deposition of the coarser sediments at the high tide level thus increasing the steepness of the beaches.

Five species of polychaete new to British waters

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-280
Author(s):  
J. P. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Muddy Sand ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Pollution Research ◽  
Firth Of Forth ◽  
A New Species

In the course of benthic surveys carried out around the U.K. by the Oil Pollution Research Unit, a number of species of polychaete not previously recorded from British waters were found. A new species of Aricidea and six other species of the Paraonidae new for Britain have been described by Hartley (1981), and this note records a further five species taken either in the Firth of Forth (56° 19′ N, 3° 34.8′ W, 2–5–5 m depth, fine sand) or in the Forties oilfield (57° 44.0′ N, o° 54°0′ E, 100–130 m depth, fine to muddy sand) with 0.1 m2 Van Veen/Day grabs in September 1979 and June 1978 respectively. The sieve mesh used was 0.1 mm diameter.

2. On New Species of Marine Diatomaceæ from the Firth of Clyde and Loch Fine. Illustrated by numerous drawings, and by enlarged figures, all drawn by Dr Greville.

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Gregory
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Tidal Estuary ◽  
Water Species

In two papers, read before this Society, and subsequently published in the Microscopical Journal, I described and figured a large number of new species of Diatoms, chiefly marine, which I had found in the Glenshira sand.This sand was deposited by the Dhu Loch of Glenshira, at a period geologically recent, when that lake occupied a higher level than it now does, and extended about two miles farther up the valley. That the Dhu Loch at that period, as well as now, communicated with Loch Fine, so that at high tide the salt water flowed into the lakes, while at low water the current, as in a tidal estuary, flowed outwards, is proved by the fact, that the sand then deposited contains more marine than fresh-water species.

Adjustment of photoprotection to tidal conditions in intertidal seagrasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kohlmeier ◽  
C.A. Pilditch ◽  
J. F. Bornman ◽  
K. Bischof
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Tide ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Intertidal Seagrass ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Light adaptive strategies were studied in a comparative analysis of the congeneric seagrass species Zostera muelleri and Zostera marina at two case study areas in New Zealand and Germany. Surveys in intertidal seagrass meadows were conducted from pre-dawn until sunset on days when either low or high tide coincided with noon. The results show marked fluctuations of photophysiology (optimum and effective quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching, cycling of xanthophyll cycle (XC) pigments) over daily and tidal cycles. At both locations, we observed a near complete conversion (de-epoxidation) of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin at times with high irradiance and a rapid and complete re-epoxidation under subsequent lower light conditions. At the New Zealand site we also observed significantly larger XC-pigment pool sizes in seagrass leaves sampled in a week when low tide coincided with noon (larger daily fluence and higher maximum irradiance), compared with leaves sampled in a week when high tide was at noon. This dynamic adjustment of xanthophyll pool size has not been previously reported for intertidal seagrasses. It adds to our understanding of an important adaptive feature in a highly dynamic light environment and to the general ecology and adaptability of seagrasses.

Movements of Brook Trout in Relation to an Artificial Pond on a Small Stream

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith ◽  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Tidal Pool ◽  
Artificial Pond

A 20-year study showed that forming a pond near the mouth of Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island, did not change the seasonal pattern of brook trout movements between fresh- and salt water. Delay in movements of trout through the pond and a tidal pool below the dam resulted in heavy natural and angling mortalities in those areas. Movements between fresh- and salt water were almost eliminated. Natural seeding of stream above pond was not demonstrably affected.

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

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