ENVIRONMENTAL TENDENCIES FOR THE ARCHITECTURE FORMATION OF MODERN EXHIBITION AND EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURES

The ecological tendencies of forming of architecture of modern exhibition and educational buildings for revealing of ways of creation of ecological design decisions of this type of structures and expedient use of leading principles of eco-design of interior spaces are highlighted. The analysis of architectural decisions of existing ecological exhibition and educational institutions is carried out. It is revealed that the main task in designing buildings of this type is to ensure speed, ease and accessibility of human perception of information to initiate the process of thinking, analyzing and invoking positive feelings, as well as ensuring the predicted impact of contemporary art on the subconscious, while creating eco-safety of visitors and environment. This is achieved through the rational design of the building's multifunctionality, the use of environmentally friendly materials for construction and decoration, energy conservation, the use of alternative sources of energy, energy-saving and advanced technologies, environmental waste management, efficient use of natural lighting, design and phyto design, the location of the building on the site, to create an unbroken connection between the interior and exterior space, etc.

Socialising Church Space

<p>For hundreds of years the Christian Church stood as the pillar of occidental cities, structuring society and the urban fabric. At the time of European colonisation, the impact of the Church on New Zealand society was less significant than it had been centuries before. Social priorities were slowly shifting away from religious fanaticism, as such; the church did not influence the urban environment to the same level. Church buildings became increasingly isolated from their urban setting, with less impact on their surrounding environment. In addition, New Zealand urban development was expanding, creating the need for vehicular transport. For the majority of Christians, driving to church continues to be commonplace. What little exterior space churches have is typically used as car parking. This space surrounding many church buildings is functional and utilitarian, resulting in an uninviting exterior with no pedestrian interactivity. This has limited the potential interaction between the church and local community. To fully understand the New Zealand model, ten churches were identified and analysed in Wellington. Information and evidence were gathered on how to address the lack of inviting exterior church space. A comparative analysis model was used to identify sites with particular potential for improved design. Engagement with the respective church communities was then necessary to establish a deeper understanding of each site and the needs of the community. Comparative analysis and community engagement methods produced a set of criteria for designing in each space. By following the same process for each church space, the resulting designs propose spaces which allow opportunities for both members of the church and the general public to interact. Designs specifically focus on creating vibrant spaces with less emphasis on the architectural qualities and utilitarian programmes of church space. They are also multipurpose and flexible, taking into account weekly engagement and potential future development.</p>

Socialising Church Space

<p>For hundreds of years the Christian Church stood as the pillar of occidental cities, structuring society and the urban fabric. At the time of European colonisation, the impact of the Church on New Zealand society was less significant than it had been centuries before. Social priorities were slowly shifting away from religious fanaticism, as such; the church did not influence the urban environment to the same level. Church buildings became increasingly isolated from their urban setting, with less impact on their surrounding environment. In addition, New Zealand urban development was expanding, creating the need for vehicular transport. For the majority of Christians, driving to church continues to be commonplace. What little exterior space churches have is typically used as car parking. This space surrounding many church buildings is functional and utilitarian, resulting in an uninviting exterior with no pedestrian interactivity. This has limited the potential interaction between the church and local community. To fully understand the New Zealand model, ten churches were identified and analysed in Wellington. Information and evidence were gathered on how to address the lack of inviting exterior church space. A comparative analysis model was used to identify sites with particular potential for improved design. Engagement with the respective church communities was then necessary to establish a deeper understanding of each site and the needs of the community. Comparative analysis and community engagement methods produced a set of criteria for designing in each space. By following the same process for each church space, the resulting designs propose spaces which allow opportunities for both members of the church and the general public to interact. Designs specifically focus on creating vibrant spaces with less emphasis on the architectural qualities and utilitarian programmes of church space. They are also multipurpose and flexible, taking into account weekly engagement and potential future development.</p>

Inside / Outside and the [Inbetween]

<p>How can architecture overcome the traditional differentiation of inside and outside? Architects tend to associate our inhabitation and movement within two spatial realms, those being inside and outside. The connection between the two plays a fundamental role in our relationship and understanding of the environment in which we live in. The details of these connections are often neglected and standardised ideals and components are regularly implemented without much consideration in regards to the context in which they are being established. The fundamental act of architecture is to define one space from another. Primarily this means differentiating the inside from the outside (interactivearchitecture.org). Perceptually and practically the worlds of interior and exterior are mutually exclusive one cannot be in both at the same time, and yet traditionally they border directly on each other. (Lo, 1986) Through the exploration of the relationship between interior and exterior space a focus will be given to the boundary condition. Looking into the details and material expression which enable these connections and their ability and potential to blur the boundary. Along with material properties and capabilities aspects such as kinetic, interactive and dynamic architecture will be investigated and subsequently implemented as a response to the interior, exterior relationship established. Aim to achieve architecture, where one is able to interact with the structure and help to adapt the space surrounding in order to accommodate the activities and behaviour of the occupants whilst enabling a comfortable space in regards to the climatic conditions. With an objective to live with nature and the surrounding environment achieved through blurring the spatial boundaries, forcing one to acknowledge and establish a simultaneous relationship where one can interact and co-exist between the two realms. This will be enhanced through the integration of the building into the landscape enabling the opportunity for the building to work with the environment.</p>

Inside / Outside and the [Inbetween]

<p>How can architecture overcome the traditional differentiation of inside and outside? Architects tend to associate our inhabitation and movement within two spatial realms, those being inside and outside. The connection between the two plays a fundamental role in our relationship and understanding of the environment in which we live in. The details of these connections are often neglected and standardised ideals and components are regularly implemented without much consideration in regards to the context in which they are being established. The fundamental act of architecture is to define one space from another. Primarily this means differentiating the inside from the outside (interactivearchitecture.org). Perceptually and practically the worlds of interior and exterior are mutually exclusive one cannot be in both at the same time, and yet traditionally they border directly on each other. (Lo, 1986) Through the exploration of the relationship between interior and exterior space a focus will be given to the boundary condition. Looking into the details and material expression which enable these connections and their ability and potential to blur the boundary. Along with material properties and capabilities aspects such as kinetic, interactive and dynamic architecture will be investigated and subsequently implemented as a response to the interior, exterior relationship established. Aim to achieve architecture, where one is able to interact with the structure and help to adapt the space surrounding in order to accommodate the activities and behaviour of the occupants whilst enabling a comfortable space in regards to the climatic conditions. With an objective to live with nature and the surrounding environment achieved through blurring the spatial boundaries, forcing one to acknowledge and establish a simultaneous relationship where one can interact and co-exist between the two realms. This will be enhanced through the integration of the building into the landscape enabling the opportunity for the building to work with the environment.</p>

FORMS OF SYNTHESIS OF ARTS OF CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

The article examines the synthesis of arts on the example of Chinese architecture. General historical questions of the development of Chinese culture and various arts during historical evolution are raising. Philosophical and religious positions of culture are distinguishing, which are identifying with the development of art. The question arises of the lack of a full analysis of ancient Chinese art for all types of artistic creativity that were developing during cultural development and formation: architecture, painting, calligraphy, music, sculpture, dance, and so on. A number of scholars who have developed methods of approaches to the systematization and study of the synthesis of the arts of ancient Chinese culture throughout its development are presenting. A number of techniques in painting and calligraphy that have a direct impact on the formation of the Chinese architectural environment are analyzing. These methodical conclusions can be useful in planning the activities of various organizational departments of architectural education and science. Problem statement: it became necessary to analyze and describe the methods and principles of organizing forms of art synthesis in Chinese architecture. Objective of the article: analyze the impact of forms of art synthesis in Chinese architecture. There is describing that the most important art form in China is painting. It is thanks to its compositional, color and harmonic laws that the general cultural world of ancient China is building. Color relationships, combinations with nature - all this through painting builds the canonical laws of architecture, music, dance, calligraphy, etc., taking into account national authenticity. It becomes the central core of the synthesis of Chinese art, generating its various forms for individual regions. In architecture, the action of forms of synthesis of Chinese arts is embodying through the organization of plasticity of the building, interior and exterior space, the ratio of small and large forms, and the location of accents. Experienced predecessors should be a role model for modern architects and artists. The combination of long-standing traditions of "synthesis of arts" with modern production technologies, as well as creative ideas of architects and artists of the XXI century can give new vectors of development of Chinese architecture and art science.

A comparative analysis of self-consistent charged anisotropic spheres

This study is devoted to exploring the charged stellar structures under embedded space–time using the Karmarkar condition. For this, spherically symmetric space–time with the anisotropic source of fluid possessing an electric charge has been incorporated. Further, the Bardeen and Reissner–Nordstrom geometries have been employed as exterior space–time to calculate the values of the involved constants. The interior solutions of a stellar object have been worked out with the observational mass [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] km. It is argued that the acquired solutions accomplish all the necessary conditions for self-consistent charged stars. It has been noted through the detailed graphical analysis that our obtained solutions are physically stable and self-consistent with the best degree of accuracy for [Formula: see text], where parameter [Formula: see text] is involved in the model under discussion. Beyond this bound [Formula: see text], the realistic solutions of stellar models under discussion could not be found. After perceiving the marginal dissimilarities between our proposed models in both cases, Andreasson’s limit [Formula: see text], critically important for the stellar structures, has been achieved in both the models under investigation. Lastly, it is established that the parameter [Formula: see text] has a substantial effect on worked-out solutions under the employment of Bardeen and Reissner–Nordstrom’s stellar structures.

Analysis on the Layout Evolution and External Space Characteristics of the Red Gate Palace in Taishan

This article organizes and analyzes the historical evolution as well as the current situation of the Red Gate Palace, and probes into the artistic characteristics of the exterior space of the building. The conclusions are as follows: Relying on the unique forest environment of Mount Tai, the Red Gate Palace forms an impression of negative yin-yang where it is overlooking waters and with hills at the back. The guiding space comprising of the climbing route, the archway, and the Feiyun Pavilion which is built on the crossroad plays the role of guidance and suggestion; forming a complete spatial sequence with rhythm. The courtyard space which constitutes the east and west courtyards, in addition to the Little Taishan Temple is reasonable and ingenious in layout along with rich as well as well-proportioned spaces, and pleasant in scale.

Enclosed Exhibitions : Claustrophobia, Balloons, and the Department Store in Zola’s Au Bonheur des Dames

This chapter examines spatial confinement in the eponymous department store of Émile Zola’s Au Bonheur des Dames. A close reading of one of the novel’s sale chapters reveals that the store director mobilizes several strategies to engender a suffocating atmosphere at the temporary exhibition. Linking literary space and publicity, the chapter argues that the store’s promotional balloons act as ephemeral, yet dynamic advertisements that dismantle interior and exterior space. The balloons instantiate the ephemeral quality of the sales since, in spite of their brief duration, they produce a lasting visual effect that problematizes a spatial framework opposing interior and exterior spaces. This reading suggests that publicity contributes to the claustrophobia of commerce in Zola’s fictional ephemeral exhibitions.

Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation - the real barriers of programs at distance

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Despite the established benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), it remains significantly underutilized. Home-based CR (CR-HB) programs should offer the same core CR components as Centre-based programs (CR-CB) but several aspects need to be adapted, communication and supervision must be improved. Although CR-HB has been successfully deployed and is a valuable alternative to CR-CB, there is less structured experience with these non-uniform programs and further studies are needed to understand which patients (pts) are indicated to this type of program. Purpose To investigate pt-perceived facilitators and barriers to home-based rehabilitation exercise. Methods Prospective cohort study which included pts who were participating in a CR-CB program and accepted to participate in a CR-HB program after CR-CB closure due to COVID-19. The CR-HB consisted in a multidisciplinary digital CR program, including pt risk evaluation and regular assessment, exercise, educational and psychological sessions. The online exercise training sessions consisted of recorded videos and real time online supervised exercise training group sessions. It was recommended to do each session 3 times per week, during 60 min. A pictorial exercise training guidebook was available to all participants including instructions regarding safety, clothing and warm-up, and a detailed illustrated description of each exercise sessions. Also, for questions or difficulties regarding the exercises, an e-mail and telephone was provided. Once a month, real time CR exercise sessions was provided with a duration of 60min. Results 116 cardiovascular disease pts (62.6 ± 8.9years, 95 males) who were attending a face-to-face CR program were included in a CR-HB program. The majority of the pts had coronary artery disease (89%) and 5% valvular disease. Regarding risk factors, obesity was the most common (75%) followed by hypertension (60%), family history (42%), dyslipidaemia (38%), diabetes (18%), and smoking (13%). Almost half (47%) of the participants did at least one online exercise training session per week: 58% did 2-3 times per week, 27% once per week and 15% more than 4 times per week. Participants who did less than one exercise session per week reported as cause: lack of motivation (38%), preference of a different mode of exercise training such as exercise in the exterior space (26%), technology barrier such as impossibility to stream online videos (11%), fear of performing exercise without supervision (4%), and limited space at home (4%). Conclusions Our study based on real-life results of a CR-HB program shows a sub-optimal rate of participation in exercise sessions due to different causes, but mainly for the lack of motivation to exercise alone or preference for walking in exterior space. The knowledge of the CR-HB program barriers will facilitate to find out strategies to increase the participation rate and to select the best candidates for this type of programs.