Cultural Norms and Interpersonal Relationships

Students in Psychology, English, and Natural Science were invited to submit questions for information deemed by them pertinent to success in a course. A 13-category classification of the 1030 items collected from 194 students showed dominance of personal and teacher-related questions. Mean number of questions for upper classmen were consistently lower than those for lower classmen, this being interpreted as a normative and developmental tendency. Types of questions were restricted to cultural norms that centered on personal traits, interests, attitudes, opinions, and work of the target person, rather than on interpersonal relationships, morality, sex, and personal concerns. Analysis of class-size effects indicated that students attending a large class asked significantly more questions than those attending a small class in one of the four categories assessed, grading practices. Lower classmen tended to ask more questions about acceptable classroom behavior than upper classmen.

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Family, Intimacy, and Homicide: A Macro-Social Approach

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.5.3.195 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 195-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Robert Nash Parker ◽

Allison M. Toth

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Validity Of Results ◽

Central Cities ◽

Self Reports ◽

Causes Of Violence ◽

Social Tradition ◽

The Impact ◽

Daily Activity Patterns

The study of violence among sexual intimates and family members within sociology is currently developing along two lines that are methodologically distinct. A macrosocial approach analyzes rates of homicide for cities, metropolitan areas, and states, while a microsocial approach, which has focused largely on family violence, relies on surveys to study self-reports of assaultive violence. As the two traditions have developed, they have emphasized a different range of independent variables and types of violence. The macro-social tradition has focused on subcultures, economic deprivation, and trends in lifestyles and daily activity patterns. The micro-social researchers have emphasized the impact of social change on marital roles and expectations, conflict, power and exchange within interpersonal relationships, and the impact of historical patterns and cultural norms concerning the-patterns of violence within families and sexually intimate relationships. Similarly, one tradition focuses almost exclusively on homicide while the other has generally studied serious, but not lethal assaults. Ultimately the two traditions could lead to similar conclusions about the causes of violence among intimates. A convergence of fmdings would enhance confidence in the validity of results, while discrepant fmdings would point to flaws in theory or method. This paper begins to consider convergences and differences by using the techniques that have been developed in the macro-social tradition along with hypotheses drawn from both traditions. Data on four specific types of homicide from a sample of299 central cities are examined in a series of parallel models which include indicators of the causes of violence derived from both traditions.

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DOING YOUR HOMEWORK: THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A FRIENDSHIP FILTER

AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research ◽

10.5210/spir.v2018i0.10507 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alecea Irene Standlee

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Media ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Social Research ◽

Cultural Integration ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Desirable Outcome ◽

Use Of Social Media

This article explores the emergence of technologically integrated relationship practices among college students in two U.S. universities. This work is situated within the significant body of social research and popular cultural discourse surrounding the consequences of technology and cultural integration among young adults. Analyzing interviews with 52 participants, I explore how they construct, establish and maintain cultural practices and social norms that shape peer interaction, social networks and interpersonal relationships in offline and online settings. This paper focuses specifically on the emergence of techno-social cultural norms that impact friendship and social network construction. Findings suggest the establishment and maintenance of friendships using social networks frequently includes the use of social media profiles as means to collect social and political attitude data on potential friends. Some participants report the use of such data as essential to the decision-making process utilized while establishing and maintaining offline friendships. Motivations for this practice include safety and security, social normativity and a desire for efficiency. Furthermore, participants articulate a social and politically homogeneous friendship network as a desirable outcome to data collection. These findings contribute to our ongoing understanding of the role of informational echo chambers within a technologically integrated social environment.

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“I want you to help me, you’re family”: A relational approach to women's experience of distress and recovery in the perinatal period

Feminism & Psychology ◽

10.1177/09593535211047792 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 095935352110477

Author(s):

Abi Enlander ◽

Laura Simonds ◽

Paul Hanna

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Relational Model ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Relational Dynamics ◽

Cultural Discourses ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Practical Support

Theoretical approaches have tended to understand perinatal distress through either individual or socio-cultural factors. In contrast, Natasha Mauthner proposed a relational model that understands perinatal distress in the context of interpersonal relationships. This study aims to build on Mauthner's work to explore how women speak about their relationships in connection to their stories of perinatal distress and recovery. Eight women were interviewed for the study. All women had at least one child under the age of three and self-identified as having experienced distress in the perinatal period. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using Voice Centred Relational Analysis. Four broad themes were identified: (i) the role of practical support, (ii) the role of emotional support, (iii) relational dynamics, and (iv) the role of socio-cultural norms. Whilst some women experienced practical and emotional support in their relationships, those who did not linked a lack of support to their feelings of distress. Relationships were also found to reinforce unhelpful social norms around motherhood and mental health, as well as offering a space to resist norms and create wider discourses about what it means to be a mother. This study suggests that organizations supporting women in the perinatal period should focus on women's relational needs and consider the cultural discourses of motherhood that they perpetuate.

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Tools & Resources: Impairment and Disability Web Sites

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1999.novdec03 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 5-6

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Web Sites ◽

Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from those expected by the individual's culture; these inflexible and pervasive patterns reflect issues with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, defines two specific personality disorders, in addition to an eleventh condition, Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities; of these, Paranoid Personality Disorder probably is most common in the legal arena. Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality. Such people may suffer from frantic efforts to avoid perceived abandonment, patterns of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, an identity disturbance, and impulsivity. Legal issues that involve individuals with cluster B personality disorders often involve determination of causation of the person's problems, assessment of claims of harassment, and assessment of the person's fitness for employment. Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Two case histories illustrate some of the complexities of assessing impairment in workers with personality disorders, including drug abuse, hospitalizations, and inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy.

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Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amanda Venta ◽

Carla Sharp

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Critical Role ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

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The Relationship Between Personality and Self-Report Abilities

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julie Aitken Schermer ◽

Andrew M. Johnson ◽

Philip A. Vernon ◽

Kerry L. Jang

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Self Report ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Personality Factor ◽

Factor Scores ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

Ability Factor ◽

Genetic Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

Common Environmental Factor

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.

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