Elevated cAMP increases aquaporin-3 plasma membrane diffusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (6) ◽  
pp. C598-C606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saw Marlar ◽  
Eva C. Arnspang ◽  
Jennifer S. Koffman ◽  
Else-Merete Løcke ◽  
Birgitte M. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Egfp Expression ◽  
Membrane Diffusion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Expression Levels

Regulated urine concentration takes place in the renal collecting duct upon arginine vasopressin (AVP) stimulation, where subapical vesicles containing aquaporin-2 (AQP2) are inserted into the apical membrane instantly increasing water reabsorption and urine concentration. The reabsorped water exits via basolateral AQP3 and AQP4. Upon long-term stimulation with AVP or during thirst, expression levels of both AQP2 and AQP3 are increased; however, there is so far no evidence for short-term AVP regulation of AQP3 or AQP4. To facilitate the increase in transepithelial water transport, AQP3 may be short-term regulated via changes in protein-protein interactions, incorporation into lipid rafts, and/or changes in steady-state turnover, which could result in changes in the diffusion behavior of AQP3. Thus we measured AQP3 diffusion coefficients upon stimulation with the AVP mimic forskolin to reveal if AQP3 could be short-term regulated by AVP. k-Space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS) analysis of time-lapse image sequences of basolateral enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged AQP3 (AQP3-EGFP) revealed that the forskolin-mediated elevation of cAMP increased the diffusion coefficient by 58% from 0.0147 ± 0.0082 μm2/s (control) to 0.0232 ± 0.0085 μm2/s (forskolin, P < 0.05). Quantum dot-conjugated antibody labeling also revealed a significant increase in AQP3 diffusion upon forskolin treatment by 44% [0.0104 ± 0.0040 μm2/s (control) vs. 0.0150 ± 0.0016 μm2/s (forskolin, P < 0.05)]. Immunoelectron microscopy showed no obvious difference in AQP3-EGFP expression levels or localization in the plasma membrane upon forskolin stimulation. Thus AQP3-EGFP diffusion is altered upon increased cAMP, which may correspond to basolateral adaptations in response to the increased apical water readsorption.

scholarly journals Using kICS to Reveal Changed Membrane Diffusion of AQP-9 Treated with Drugs

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Jakob L. Kure ◽  
Thommie Karlsson ◽  
Camilla B. Andersen ◽  
B. Christoffer Lagerholm ◽  
Vesa Loitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Membrane Diffusion ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Aquaporin 9

The formation of nanodomains in the plasma membrane are thought to be part of membrane proteins regulation and signaling. Plasma membrane proteins are often investigated by analyzing the lateral mobility. k-space ICS (kICS) is a powerful image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) technique and a valuable supplement to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Here, we study the diffusion of aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in the plasma membrane, and the effect of different membrane and cytoskeleton affecting drugs, and therefore nanodomain perturbing, using kICS. We measured the diffusion coefficient of AQP9 after addition of these drugs using live cell Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence imaging on HEK-293 cells. The actin polymerization inhibitors Cytochalasin D and Latrunculin A do not affect the diffusion coefficient of AQP9. Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin decreases GFP-AQP9 diffusion coefficient in the plasma membrane. Human epidermal growth factor led to an increase in the diffusion coefficient of AQP9. These findings led to the conclusion that kICS can be used to measure diffusion AQP9, and suggests that the AQP9 is not part of nanodomains.

scholarly journals A versatile aquaporin-2 cell system for quantitative temporal expression and live cell imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. F124-F132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel R. Holst ◽  
Lene N. Nejsum
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) fine tunes urine concentration in response to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. In addition, AQP2 has been suggested to promote cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. A cell system allowing temporal and quantitative control of expression levels of AQP2 and phospho-mimicking mutants has been missing, as has a system allowing expression of fluorescently tagged AQP2 for time-lapse imaging. In the present study, we generated and validated a Flp-In T-REx Madin-Darby canine kidney cell system for temporal and quantitative control of AQP2 and phospho-mimicking mutants. We verified that expression levels can be temporally and quantitatively controlled and that AQP2 translocated to the plasma membrane in response to elevated cAMP, which also induced S256 phosphorylation. The phospho-mimicking mutants AQP2-S256A and AQP2-S256D localized as previously described, primarily intracellular and to the plasma membrane, respectively. Induction of AQP2 expression in combination with transient, low expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged AQP2 enabled expression without aggregation and correct translocation in response to elevated cAMP. Interestingly, time-lapse imaging revealed AQP2-containing tubulating endosomes and that tubulation significantly decreased 30 min after cAMP elevation. This was mirrored by the phospho-mimicking mutants AQP2-S256A and AQP2-S256D, where AQP2-S256A-containing endosomes tubulated, whereas AQP2-S256D-containing endosomes did not. Thus, this cell system enables a multitude of cell-based assays warranted to provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of AQP2 regulation and effects on cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Visualization of class A GPCR oligomerization by image-based fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Isbilir ◽  
Jan Möller ◽  
Andreas Bock ◽  
Ulrike Zabel ◽  
Paolo Annibale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Class A ◽  
Image Correlation Spectroscopy

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface receptors conveying extracellular information into intracellular signals. Many GPCRs have been shown to be able to oligomerize and it is firmly established that Class C GPCRs (e.g. metabotropic glutamate receptors) function as obligate dimers. However, the oligomerization capability of the larger Class A GPCRs (e.g. comprising the β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs)) is still, despite decades of research, highly debated.Here we assess the oligomerization behavior of three prototypical Class A GPCRs, the β1-ARs, β2-ARs, and muscarinic M2Rs in single, intact cells. We combine two image correlation spectroscopy methods based on molecular brightness, i.e. the analysis of fluorescence fluctuations over space and over time, and thereby provide an assay able to robustly and precisely quantify the degree of oligomerization of GPCRs. In addition, we provide a comparison between two labelling strategies, namely C-terminally-attached fluorescent proteins and N-terminally-attached SNAP-tags, in order to rule out effects arising from potential fluorescent protein-driven oligomerization. The degree of GPCR oligomerization is expressed with respect to a set of previously reported as well as newly established monomeric or dimeric control constructs. Our data reveal that all three prototypical GPRCs studied display, under unstimulated conditions, a prevalently monomeric fingerprint. Only the β2-AR shows a slight degree of oligomerization.From a methodological point of view, our study suggests three key aspects. First, the combination of two image correlation spectroscopy methods allows addressing cells transiently expressing high concentrations of membrane receptors, far from the single molecule regime, at a density where the kinetic equilibrium should favor dimers and higher-order oligomers. Second, our methodological approach, allows to selectively target cell membrane regions devoid of artificial oligomerization hot-spots (such as vesicles). Third, our data suggest that the β1-AR appears to be a superior monomeric control than the widely used membrane protein CD86.Taken together, we suggest that our combined image correlation spectroscopy method is a powerful approach to assess the oligomerization behavior of GPCRs in intact cells at high expression levels.

scholarly journals Measuring Lateral Diffusion of Receptors On Plasma Membrane of Macrophages Using Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1356-1357
Author(s):  
S. Makaremi ◽  
S. Ranjit ◽  
M.A. Digman ◽  
E. Gratton ◽  
D. M.E. Bowdish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Raster Image ◽  
Image Correlation Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Evidence for a fence that impedes the diffusion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate out of the forming phagosomes of macrophages

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3498-3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Golebiewska ◽  
Jason G. Kay ◽  
Thomas Masters ◽  
Sergio Grinstein ◽  
Wonpil Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Green Fluorescent

To account for the many functions of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), several investigators have proposed that there are separate pools of PIP2 in the plasma membrane. Recent experiments show the surface concentration of PIP2 is indeed enhanced in regions where phagocytosis, exocytosis, and cell division occurs. Kinases that produce PIP2 are also concentrated in these regions. However, how is the PIP2 produced by these kinases prevented from diffusing rapidly away? First, proteins could act as “fences” around the perimeter of these regions. Second, some factor could markedly decrease the diffusion coefficient, D, of PIP2 within these regions. We used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to investigate these two possibilities in the forming phagosomes of macrophages injected with fluorescent PIP2. FCS measurements show that PIP2 diffuses rapidly (D ∼ 1 μm2/s) in both the forming phagosomes and unengaged plasma membrane. FRAP measurements show that the fluorescence from PIP2 does not recover (>100 s) after photobleaching the entire forming phagosome but recovers rapidly (∼10 s) in a comparable area of membrane outside the cup. These results (and similar data for a plasma membrane–anchored green fluorescent protein) support the hypothesis that a fence impedes the diffusion of PIP2 into and out of forming phagosomes.

scholarly journals Fast Diffusion Sustains Plasma Membrane Accumulation of Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Sara Hernández-Pérez ◽  
Oscar Aguilar-Sopeña ◽  
Rocia Ramírez-Muñoz ◽  
Sandra Rodríguez-Perales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Recycling Endosomes ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Phosphatase Of Regenerating Liver

It has been proposed that the accumulation of farnesylated phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) at the plasma membrane is mediated by static electrostatic interactions of a polybasic region with acidic membrane lipids and assisted by oligomerization. Nonetheless, localization at early and recycling endosomes suggests that the recycling compartment might also contribute to its plasma membrane accumulation. Here, we investigated in live cells the dynamics of PRL-1 fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP-PRL-1). Blocking the secretory pathway and photobleaching techniques suggested that plasma membrane accumulation of PRL-1 was not sustained by recycling endosomes but by a dynamic exchange of diffusible protein pools. Consistent with this idea, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in cells overexpressing wild type or monomeric mutants of GFP-PRL-1 measured cytosolic and membrane-diffusing pools of protein that were not dependent on oligomerization. Endogenous expression of GFP-PRL-1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome edition confirmed the existence of fast diffusing cytosolic and membrane pools of protein. We propose that plasma membrane PRL-1 replenishment is independent of the recycling compartment and the oligomerization state and mainly driven by fast diffusion of the cytosolic pool.

Expression of the unconventional myosin Myo1c alters sodium transport in M1 collecting duct cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. C120-C129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Wagner ◽  
Bonnie L. Blazer-Yost ◽  
Judy Boyd-White ◽  
Anjaiah Srirangam ◽  
Janice Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Duct Cell ◽  
Unconventional Myosin ◽  
Myosin I ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Epithelial cells rely on proper targeting of cellular components to perform their physiological function. This dynamic process utilizes the cytoskeleton and involves movement of vesicles to and from the plasma membrane, thus traversing the actin cortical cytoskeleton. Studies support both direct interaction of actin with channels and an indirect mechanism whereby actin may serve as a track in the final delivery of the channel to the plasma membrane. Actin-dependent processes are often mediated via a member of the myosin family of proteins. Myosin I family members have been implicated in multiple cellular events occurring at the plasma membrane. In these studies, we investigated the function of the unconventional myosin I Myo1c in the M1 mouse collecting duct cell line. Myo1c was observed to be concentrated at or near the plasma membrane, often in discrete membrane domains. To address the possible role of Myo1c in channel regulation, we expressed a truncated Myo1c, lacking ATP and actin domains, in M1 cells and compared electrophysiological responses to control M1 cells, M1 cells expressing the empty vector, and M1 cells expressing the full-length Myo1c construct. Interestingly, cells expressing the Myo1c constructs had modulated antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-stimulated short-circuit current and showed little inhibition of short-circuit current with amiloride addition. Evaluation of enhanced green fluorescent protein-Myo1c constructs supports the importance of the IQ region in targeting the Myo1c to its respective cellular domain. These data are consistent with Myo1c participating in the regulation of the Na+ channel after ADH stimulation.

An image correlation analysis of the distribution of clathrin associated adaptor protein (AP-2) at the plasma membrane

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Brown ◽  
N.O. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Image Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Number Counts

Clathrin associated adaptor protein is involved in endocytosis at the plasma membrane (AP-2) and protein sorting at the Golgi membrane (AP-1). There is a great deal of information available on the structure, function and binding characteristics of AP-2, however, there is little quantitative data on the AP-2 distribution at the membrane. Image correlation spectroscopy is a technique which yields number counts from an autocorrelation analysis of intensity fluctuations within confocal microscopy images. Image correlation spectroscopy analysis of the indirect immunofluorescence from AP-2 at the plasma membrane of CV-1 cells shows that AP-2 is in a bimodal distribution consisting of large coated pit associated aggregates of approximately 60 AP-2 molecules, and smaller aggregates containing approximately 20 AP-2 molecules, which we propose are coated pit nucleation sites. Following hypertonic treatment 25% of the AP-2 molecules dissociate from the large AP-2 aggregates and form AP-2 dimers, leaving the remaining AP-2 as large aggregates with approximately 45 molecules. The smaller AP-2 aggregates completely dissociate forming AP-2 dimers. Dispersion of AP-2 with hypertonic treatment is not seen qualitatively because the number of large AP-2 aggregates is unchanged, the aggregates are just 25% smaller. Change in temperature from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C has no affect on the number of AP-2 aggregates or the AP-2 distribution between the two populations. These data and estimates of the coated pit size suggest that coated pits cover approximately 0.9% of the cell membrane. Combination of image correlation spectroscopy analysis and measurements of the CV-1 cell surface area show that there are approximately 6x10(5) AP-2 molecules per CV-1 cell with approximately 2x10(5) AP-2 molecules within coated pit structures.

Regulated exocytosis: Renal Aquaporin-2 3D Vesicular Network Organization and Association with F-actin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel R. Holst ◽  
Louis Gammelgaard ◽  
Jesse Aaron ◽  
Frédéric H. Login ◽  
Sampavi Rajkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Vesicle Exocytosis ◽  
A Cell

Regulated vesicle exocytosis is a key response to extracellular stimuli in diverse physiological processes; including hormone regulated short-term urine concentration. In the renal collecting duct, the water channel aquaporin-2 localizes to the apical plasma membrane as well as small, sub-apical vesicles. In response to stimulation with the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, aquaporin-2 containing vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, which increases collecting duct water reabsorption and thus, urine concentration. The nano-scale size of these vesicles has limited analysis of their 3D organization. Using a cell system combined with 3D super resolution microscopy, we provide the first direct analysis of the 3D network of aquaporin-2 containing exocytic vesicles in a cell culture system. We show that aquaporin-2 vesicles are 43 ± 3nm in diameter, a size similar to synaptic vesicles, and that one fraction of AQP2 vesicles localized with the sub-cortical F-actin layer and the other localized in between the F-actin layer and the plasma membrane. Aquaporin-2 vesicles associated with F-actin and this association was enhanced in a serine 256 phospho-mimic of aquaporin-2, whose phosphorylation is a key event in antidiuretic hormone-mediated aquaporin-2 vesicle exocytosis.

Determination of Dynamics of Plant Plasma Membrane Proteins with Fluorescence Recovery and Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Laňková ◽  
Jana Humpolíčková ◽  
Stanislav Vosolsobě ◽  
Zdeněk Cit ◽  
Jozef Lacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Raster Image ◽  
Image Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Plasma Membrane

AbstractA number of fluorescence microscopy techniques are described to study dynamics of fluorescently labeled proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and whole organelles. However, for studies of plant plasma membrane (PM) proteins, the number of these techniques is still limited because of the high complexity of processes that determine the dynamics of PM proteins and the existence of cell wall. Here, we report on the usage of raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) for studies of integral PM proteins in suspension-cultured tobacco cells and show its potential in comparison with the more widely used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching method. For RICS, a set of microscopy images is obtained by single-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fluorescence fluctuations are subsequently correlated between individual pixels and the information on protein mobility are extracted using a model that considers processes generating the fluctuations such as diffusion and chemical binding reactions. As we show here using an example of two integral PM transporters of the plant hormone auxin, RICS uncovered their distinct short-distance lateral mobility within the PM that is dependent on cytoskeleton and sterol composition of the PM. RICS, which is routinely accessible on modern CLSM instruments, thus represents a valuable approach for studies of dynamics of PM proteins in plants.

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