Adrenergic influences on rabbit oviduct: effect of muscle size and ovarian hormones

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. C96-C101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Meiri ◽  
U. Meiri ◽  
D. R. Kennedy ◽  
J. M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study attempts to distinguish between a direct action of ovarian steroids on adrenergic neurons in the oviduct and an indirect effect mediated by changes in muscle size. Mature rabbits were treated as follows: group 1, ovariectomized and a polyethylene catheter (1 mm OD) inserted into isthmus of one oviduct (CT) with contralateral oviduct as control (C); group 2, normal, estrous animals with one intubated isthmus (ET) and contralateral control (E). Fourteen days postoperatively, oviducts were removed and muscle-wall thickness, norepinephrine (NE) content, and response to nerve stimulation were measured. Although castration atrophy was prevented in CT, NE content of CT was significantly less than C, 0.032 +/- 0.07 versus 1.09 +/- 0.10 nmol. NE content of ET was also significantly less than E (1.32 +/- 0.03 versus 1.81 +/- 2.0) despite a greater wall thickness of ET. It was concluded that: a) withdrawal of ovarian hormones reduces NE contents by a direct action on nerves; b) moderate stretch, per se, increases muscle size and reduces NE content; c) nerve stimulation induces muscle contraction despite large reduction in transmitter content.

scholarly journals Hypertrophy of unaffected cardiomyocytes correlates with severity of cardiomyopathy in female patients with Fabry disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Chimenti ◽  
Romina Verardo ◽  
Andrea Frustaci
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Maximal Wall Thickness ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim To investigate the contribution of unaffected cardiomyocytes in Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. Findings Left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsies from twenty-four females (mean age 53 ± 11 ys) with Fabry disease cardiomyopathy were studied. Diagnosis of FD was based on the presence of pathogenic GLA mutation, Patients were divided in four groups according with LV maximal wall thickness (MWT): group 1 MWT ≤ 10.5 mm, group 2 MWT 10.5–15 mm, group 3 MWT 16–20 mm, group 4 MWT > 20 mm. At histology mosaic of affected and unaffected cardiomyocytes was documented. Unaffected myocytes’ size ranged from normal to severe hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of unaffected cardiomyocytes correlated with severity of MWT (p < 0.0001, Sperman r 0,95). Hypertrophy of unaffected myocytes appear to concur to progression and severity of FDCM. It is likely a paracrine role from neighboring affected myocytes.

scholarly journals Carotid Geometry and Wall Shear Stress Independently Predict Increased Wall Thickness—A Longitudinal 3D MRI Study in High-Risk Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Strecker ◽  
Axel Joachim Krafft ◽  
Lilli Kaufhold ◽  
Markus Hüllebrandt ◽  
Martin Treppner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Bifurcation Angle ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Wall ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Carotid geometry and wall shear stress (WSS) have been proposed as independent risk factors for the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, but this has not yet been demonstrated in larger longitudinal studies. Therefore, we investigated the impact of these biomarkers on carotid wall thickness in patients with high cardiovascular risk.Methods: Ninety-seven consecutive patients with hypertension, at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor and internal carotid artery (ICA) plaques (wall thickness ≥ 1.5 mm and degree of stenosis ≤ 50%) were prospectively included. They underwent high-resolution 3D multi-contrast and 4D flow MRI at 3 Tesla both at baseline and follow-up. Geometry (ICA/common carotid artery (CCA)-diameter ratio, bifurcation angle, tortuosity and wall thickness) and hemodynamics [WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI)] of both carotid bifurcations were measured at baseline. Their predictive value for changes of wall thickness 12 months later was calculated using linear regression analysis for the entire study cohort (group 1, 97 patients) and after excluding patients with ICA stenosis ≥10% to rule out relevant inward remodeling (group 2, 61 patients).Results: In group 1, only tortuosity at baseline was independently associated with carotid wall thickness at follow-up (regression coefficient = −0.52, p &lt; 0.001). However, after excluding patients with ICA stenosis ≥10% in group 2, both ICA/CCA-ratio (0.49, p &lt; 0.001), bifurcation angle (0.04, p = 0.001), tortuosity (−0.30, p = 0.040), and WSS (−0.03, p = 0.010) at baseline were independently associated with changes of carotid wall thickness at follow-up.Conclusions: A large ICA bulb and bifurcation angle and low WSS seem to be independent risk factors for the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in the absence of ICA stenosis. By contrast, a high carotid tortuosity seems to be protective both in patients without and with ICA stenosis. These biomarkers may be helpful for the identification of patients who are at particular risk of wall thickness progression and who may benefit from intensified monitoring and treatment.

scholarly journals Percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation implant provides sustained relief of chronic pain following amputation: 12-month follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Gilmore ◽  
Brian M Ilfeld ◽  
Joshua M Rosenow ◽  
Sean Li ◽  
Mehul J Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

IntroductionPeripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has historically been used to treat chronic pain, but generally requires implantation of a permanent system for sustained relief. A recent study found that a 60-day PNS treatment decreases post-amputation pain, and the current work investigates longer-term outcomes out to 12 months in the same cohort.MethodsAs previously reported, 28 traumatic lower extremity amputees with residual and/or phantom limb pain were randomized to receive 8 weeks of PNS (group 1) or 4 weeks of placebo followed by a crossover 4 weeks of PNS (group 2). Percutaneous leads were implanted under ultrasound guidance targeting the femoral and sciatic nerves. During follow-up, changes in average pain and pain interference were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form and comparing with baseline.ResultsSignificantly more participants in group 1 reported ≥50% reductions in average weekly pain at 12 months (67%, 6/9) compared with group 2 at the end of the placebo period (0%, 0/14, p=0.001). Similarly, 56% (5/9) of participants in group 1 reported ≥50% reductions in pain interference at 12 months, compared with 2/13 (15%, p=0.074) in group 2 at crossover. Reductions in depression were also statistically significantly greater at 12 months in group 1 compared with group 2 at crossover.ConclusionsThis work suggests that percutaneous PNS delivered over a 60-day period may provide significant carry-over effects including pain relief, potentially avoiding the need for a permanently implanted system while enabling improved function in patients with chronic pain.Trial registration numberNCT01996254.

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Eloin Liebano ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Sabino Neto
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to determine the role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the viability of random skin flaps. In 30 Wistar-EPM rats, a random 10×4 cm skin flap was raised and a plastic barrier was interposed between the flap and its bed. Immediately after surgery and for two subsequent days, the rats in group 1 (the control group) were anesthetized for 1 h with the electrodes positioned in the base of the flap and without the administration of the electric stimulus. The rats in group 2 (the treatment group) were submitted to TENS for 1 h immediately after the surgery and for two subsequent days. The percentage of necrotic area (averages of 43.11% in the rats in group 1 and 23.52% in the rats in group 2) was calculated on the seventh postoperative day in both groups. Statistical analysis proved that TENS was more efficient in increasing random skin flap viability than was the method used in the control group.

Further evaluation of the afferent nervous pathways from the rectum

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. G927-G933 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Loening-Baucke ◽  
N. W. Read ◽  
T. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Visceral Afferents ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Cerebral Evoked Potentials ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

To evaluate the visceral afferents from the rectum, we recorded cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) in 26 healthy subjects after electrical stimulation of the rectum, pudendal nerve, and posterior tibialis nerve. We found two distinctly different EPs after rectal stimulation, with differences in latencies and pattern. In 13 subjects (group 1), the EP after rectal stimulation had multiple prominent peaks with early onset latencies ranging from 22 to 29 ms (mean 26 ms). In 13 subjects (group 2), the EP after rectal stimulation had a trifid configuration due to a very prominent negative peak between 97 and 108 ms (mean 101 ms) and longer onset latencies ranging from 50 to 61 ms (mean 55 ms). Latencies after pudendal nerve and posterior tibialis nerve stimulation were similar in the two groups. On further study, we found that both types of afferent pathways are present in the distal colon, since both types of EPs were found in the same subjects either in the rectum or in the rectum and sigmoid. We speculate that the early onset EP is a visceral pathway using the same afferents as the pudendal nerve because the early onset EP after rectal stimulation appears similar in number of peaks and interpeak latencies to EPs recorded after pudendal nerve stimulation, and the late onset EP is a visceral pathway using afferents along the pelvic nerve. Early onset EPs were also recorded after sigmoid stimulation, suggesting that both kinds of EPs are visceral afferents.

scholarly journals Glucose autoregulation is the dominant component of the hormone-independent counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in the conscious dog

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. E273-E283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Gregory ◽  
Noelia Rivera ◽  
Guillaume Kraft ◽  
Jason J. Winnick ◽  
Ben Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The contribution of hormone-independent counterregulatory signals in defense of insulin-induced hypoglycemia was determined in adrenalectomized, overnight-fasted conscious dogs receiving hepatic portal vein insulin infusions at a rate 20-fold basal. Either euglycemia was maintained ( group 1) or hypoglycemia (≈45 mg/dl) was allowed to occur. There were three hypoglycemic groups: one in which hepatic autoregulation against hypoglycemia occurred in the absence of sympathetic nervous system input ( group 2), one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3), and one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of NE signaling to fat, muscle, and liver ( group 4). Average net hepatic glucose balance (NHGB) during the last hour for groups 1–4 was −0.7 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.01 vs. group 1), 0.7 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.01 vs. group 2), and 0.8 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.7 vs. group 3) mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Hypoglycemia per se ( group 2) increased NHGB by causing an inhibition of net hepatic glycogen synthesis. NE signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3) increased NHGB further by mobilizing gluconeogenic precursors resulting in a rise in gluconeogenesis. Lowering glucose per se decreased nonhepatic glucose uptake by 8.9 mg·kg−1·min−1, and the addition of increased neural efferent signaling to muscle and fat blocked glucose uptake further by 3.2 mg·kg−1·min−1. The addition of increased neural efferent input to liver did not affect NHGB or nonhepatic glucose uptake significantly. In conclusion, even in the absence of increases in counterregulatory hormones, the body can defend itself against hypoglycemia using glucose autoregulation and increased neural efferent signaling, both of which stimulate hepatic glucose production and limit glucose utilization.

scholarly journals Comparison of Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TTNS) Protocols for Women With Refractory Overactive Bladder (OAB), a Prospective Randomised Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan ALKIŞ ◽  
Mehmet Sevim ◽  
Ibrahim Kartal ◽  
Aykut Baser ◽  
Halil Ivelik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Prospective Randomised Trial ◽  
Tibial Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TTNS) is a non-invasive method used in OAB treatment. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of the once a week and three times a week TTNS procedure in women diagnosed with wet type refractory OAB. Methods: A total of 60 patients diagnosed with wet type OAB was refractory to medical treatment included in the study. Participants were equally and randomly divided into two groups: TTNS treatment was performed with a time duration of 30 minutes for 12 weeks, once a week to Groıp-I and three times a week to Group-II. Pre and post-treatment OAB-V8/ICIQ-SF scores and voiding frequencies recorded in the bladder diary were compared between groups. Results: Four patients in Group-1 and eight in Group-2 left the study without completing the treatment. TTNS was performed in both groups for 12 weeks. There was a significant decrease in the voiding frequency, OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF scores in both group-1 and group-2 (p<0.001). A significant decrease in the OAB-V8 score was observed in the 5th week in Group-1, and on the 3rd week in group-2. Complete response was observed in 6 patients (23.1%) in Group-1 after 12 weeks of TTNS procedure. In group-2, 10 patients (45.5%) had a complete response. After the 12-week TTNS procedure, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of treatment response. Conclusion: TTNS can be safely used before invasive treatments in resistant OAB. TTNS procedure three times a week seems more effective than performing it once a week.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION AT THE TENDER POINT OF UPPER CERVICAL AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY OF FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sania Hassan Ali ◽  
Syeda Amool Sakeena Rizvi ◽  
Muhammad Usman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Tender Point ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the tender point of upper cervical as adjunctive therapy of fibromyalgia patients. STUDY DESIGN It is a randomized control trial study design STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted on 30 participants with the age group of 20-65 years upon females with clinically diagnosed condition of fibromyalgia in tertiary health care centre. METHODS In this study, all the participants were divided in to two groups, group 1 (N=15) and group 2 (N=15). Group 1(N=15), received TENS with exercise therapy and group 2 (N=15), received only exercise therapy. Both the groups received 4 sessions per week and in whole the participants were attended 32 sessions in eight weeks of duration. RESULT TENS with exercise group 1 (N=15) had a greater pain reduction (6.0±1.13) compared with only exercise group 2 (N=15) (6.2±1.1). There was no such huge difference between both the treatments program, but group 1 shows more improvement in the pain eduction, work performance, stiffness, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION Both the groups demonstrate significant results in pain reduction, stiffness, fatigued, anxiety, work performance, and depression.

The influence of polypeepers and feather cover on starvation heat production in the laying hen

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Johnson ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Starvation heat production (SHP) of three groups, each of four crossbred hens previously held in multiple bird cages, was measured in respiration chambers at 8, 20 and 32°C, following a period of acclimation of 6 days. Group 1 hens, with polypeepers, had an average feather cover after 15 months of lay. The two other groups, without polypeepers, had either a slightly above-average (group 2) or average (group 3) feather cover after 15 months of lay. Polypeepers per se had no influence on SHP at any of the temperatures studied. The poorly feathered hens in group 3 had, on average, a 17% higher SHP at 8 and 20°C than those in group 2. Polypeepers would therefore indirectly reduce food requirement in this temperature range.

Uterine response to nerve stimulation; relation to hormonal status and catecholamines

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Miller ◽  
Jean M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Adrenergic Fibers ◽  
Group 1

Immature Dutch rabbits were treated as follows: group 1, 70 µg estradiol-17ß every other day for 4 days; group 2, 70 µg estradiol-17ß every other day for 4 days, then 5 mg progesterone daily for 5 days; group 3, untreated controls. Uterine muscles with their hypogastric nerves attached were isolated, and the responses of the uterus to hypogastric nerve stimulation were recorded. Nerve stimulation (5–50 pulses/sec) contracted uteri from untreated and estrogen-treated rabbits. Nerve stimulation inhibited the spontaneous contractions of estrogen + progesterone-treated animals. These effects were unchanged by atropine or hexamethonium but were abolished by the adrenergic blocking agents phentolamine (estrogen-treated uteri) and propranolol (estrogen + progesterone-treated uteri). Uterine catecholamine content was unaltered by hormonal treatment. Pretreatment with reserpine greatly diminished uterine catecholamine content as well as the response to nerve stimulation in all animals. The hypogastric nerves therefore contain predominantly postganglionic adrenergic fibers, and the effects of their stimulation on uterine activity depend on the hormonal status of the myometrium.

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