scholarly journals Nutritional and metabolic regulation of the metabolite dimethylguanidino valeric acid: an early marker of cardiometabolic disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. E509-E518
Author(s):  
Jibran A. Wali ◽  
Yen Chin Koay ◽  
Jason Chami ◽  
Courtney Wood ◽  
Leo Corcilius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Sugary Beverages ◽  
High Sucrose

Dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) is a marker of fatty liver disease, incident coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and incident diabetes. Recently, it was reported that circulating DMGV levels correlated positively with consumption of sugary beverages and negatively with intake of fruits and vegetables in three Swedish community-based cohorts. Here, we validate these results in the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort. Furthermore, in mice, diets rich in sucrose or fat significantly increased plasma DMGV concentrations. DMGV is the product of metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) by the hepatic enzyme AGXT2. ADMA can also be metabolized to citrulline by the cytoplasmic enzyme DDAH1. We report that a high-sucrose diet induced conversion of ADMA exclusively into DMGV (supporting the relationship with sugary beverage intake in humans), while a high-fat diet promoted conversion of ADMA to both DMGV and citrulline. On the contrary, replacing dietary native starch with high-fiber-resistant starch increased ADMA concentrations and induced its conversion to citrulline, without altering DMGV concentrations. In a cohort of obese nondiabetic adults, circulating DMGV concentrations increased and ADMA levels decreased in those with either liver or muscle insulin resistance. This was similar to changes in DMGV and ADMA concentrations found in mice fed a high-sucrose diet. Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Compared with glucose, incubation of hepatocytes with fructose significantly increased DMGV production. Overall, we provide a comprehensive picture of the dietary determinants of DMGV levels and association with insulin resistance.

Fucoidan from sea cucumber protects against high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Hu ◽  
Guanghua Xia ◽  
Jingfeng Wang ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Zhaojie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Long-term oral administration of osteocalcin induces insulin resistance in male mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (8) ◽  
pp. E662-E675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yasutake ◽  
Akiko Mizokami ◽  
Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi ◽  
Sakura Chishaki ◽  
Ichiro Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (GluOC), a bone-derived hormone, regulates energy metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell proliferation, and adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Previously, we showed that long-term intermittent or daily oral administration of GluOC reduced the fasting blood glucose level, improved glucose tolerance, and increased the fasting serum insulin concentration as well as pancreatic β-cell area in female mice fed a normal or high-fat, high-sucrose diet. We have now performed similar experiments with male mice and found that such GluOC administration induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy in those fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. In addition, GluOC increased the circulating concentration of testosterone and reduced that of adiponectin in such mice. These phenotypes were not observed in male mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet after orchidectomy, but they were apparent in orchidectomized male mice or intact female mice that were fed such a diet and subjected to continuous testosterone supplementation. Our results thus reveal a sex difference in the effects of GluOC on glucose homeostasis. Given that oral administration of GluOC has been considered a potentially safe and convenient option for the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders, this sex difference will need to be taken into account in further investigations.

scholarly journals Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) Leaf Infusion Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-fat, High-sucrose Diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Yamasaki ◽  
Yusuke Matsuyama ◽  
Rintaro Hayasegawa ◽  
Kensaku Hamada ◽  
Kazuo Nishiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Influence of Saskatoon Berry and Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on Gut Microbiota and Relationship with Metabolism and Inflammation in High Fat-High Sucrose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistant Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Ruozhi Zhao ◽  
Mi Xia ◽  
Garry Shen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Abstract Background Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has become one of most common and harmful chronic diseases worldwide. T2D is characterized as insulin resistant and is often associated with unhealthy dietary habits. The present study assessed the effects of freeze-dried Saskatoon berry powder (SBp) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G, an anthocyanin enriched in SBp) on metabolism, inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in high fat-high sucrose diet (HFHS) diet induced insulin resistant mice. Results Male C57 BL/6J mice received control, HFHS, HFHS + SBp (8.0 g/kg body weight/day) or HFHS + C3G (7.2 mg/kg/day, equal amount of C3G in 8.0 g/kg/day SBp) diet for 11 weeks. HFHS diet significantly increased the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators in plasma. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that HFHS diet increased the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) phylum bacteria and an elevated abundance of Muriculaceae family bacteria in the feces of mice. SBp or C3G supplementation attenuated HFHS diet-induced disorders in metabolism and inflammatory markers, and increased B/F ratio and Muriculaceae abundance in mouse gut compared to HFHS diet alone. The abundance of Muriculaceae in the gut microbiota negatively correlated with body weight, glucose, lipids, insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators in mice. The results of functional predication analysis suggest that HFHS diet upregulated the genes of gut bacteria involved in inflammation-related cellular processes, and inhibited bacteria involved in metabolism. SBp and C3G partially neutralized the alterations induced by HFHS diet in gut microbiota implicated in metabolism or inflammation. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that SBp is a potential prebiotic food mitigating Western diet-induced disorders in metabolism, inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and C3G possibly contributes to the beneficial effects of SBp.

Increased net hepatic glucose output from gluconeogenic precursors after high-sucrose diet feeding in male rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. R526-R531 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pagliassotti ◽  
P. A. Prach
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Output ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
High Sucrose

A high-sucrose diet reduces the ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production (hepatic insulin resistance) in rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of hepatic gluconeogenesis to sucrose-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Single-pass liver perfusions were performed on 24-h food-deprived male Wistar rats after 8 wk on either a high-corn starch (ST; 68% of energy) or high-sucrose (SU; 68% of energy) diet. Hepatic glucose output (HGO, micromol of glucose x min(-1) x g(-1)) in the presence of lactate, alanine, or dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was used as an estimate of gluconeogenic capacity, because liver glycogen levels after the 24-h fast were negligible (<1.2 mg/g). HGO was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in SU vs. ST at all concentrations of lactate, alanine, and DHA. Maximal rates of HGO were 1.9 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.3 at 10 mM lactate, 0.6 +/- 0.2 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 at 10 mM alanine, and 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 2.6 +/- 0.2 at 20 mM DHA in ST and SU, respectively. When HGO was matched between SU and ST with the use of different precursor concentrations, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the ability of insulin (175 microU/ml) to suppress HGO in SU vs. ST. These data suggest that sucrose feeding increases gluconeogenesis from lactate, alanine, and DHA and that this route of glucose production is resistant to insulin suppression.

scholarly journals Astaxanthin n-Octanoic Acid Diester Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet-Fed Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Yaoxian Chin ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Robert W. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Astaxanthin n-octanoic acid diester (AOD) is a type of astaxanthin connecting medium-chain fatty acids with a more stable structure. In this study, we examined the role of AOD in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFD) as well as its effect on modulating gut microbiota in mice, with free astaxanthin (AST) as a comparison. Four groups of male C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks old; n = 10 per group) were fed with a normal control diet (NC), HFD orally administered with AOD, AST (50 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle for 8 weeks. AOD improved glucose tolerance, IR, systematic and intestinal inflammation, and intestinal integrity better than AST. Further, both AOD and AST modulated gut microbiota. A significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides and Coprococcus was found in AOD than in AST, and the predicted pathway of carbohydrate metabolism was significantly impacted by AOD. Overall, AOD may play a role in alleviating IR and inflammation with the modulating effect on microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Our findings could facilitate the development of AOD as a bioactive nutraceutical and more stable alternative to AST.

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