Effect of gender on lipid kinetics during endurance exercise of moderate intensity in untrained subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E58-E65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We evaluated lipid metabolism during 90 min of moderate-intensity (50% V˙o 2 peak) cycle ergometer exercise in five men and five women who were matched on adiposity (24 ± 2 and 25 ± 1% body fat, respectively) and aerobic fitness (V˙o 2 peak: 49 ± 2 and 47 ± 1 ml · kg fat-free mass−1 · min−1, respectively). Substrate oxidation and lipid kinetics were measured by using indirect calorimetry and [13C]palmitate and [2H5]glycerol tracer infusion. The total increase in glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) rate of appearance (Ra) in plasma during exercise (area under the curve above baseline) was ∼65% greater in women than in men (glycerol Ra: 317 ± 40 and 195 ± 33 μmol/kg, respectively; FFA Ra: 652 ± 46 and 453 ± 70 μmol/kg, respectively; both P < 0.05). Total fatty acid oxidation was similar in men and women, but the relative contribution of plasma FFA to total fatty acid oxidation was higher in women (76 ± 5%) than in men (46 ± 5%; P< 0.05). We conclude that lipolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides during moderate-intensity exercise is greater in women than in men, who are matched on adiposity and fitness. The increase in plasma fatty acid availability leads to a greater rate of plasma FFA tissue uptake and oxidation in women than in men. However, total fat oxidation is the same in both groups because of a reciprocal decrease in the oxidation rate of fatty acids derived from nonplasma sources, presumably intramuscular and possibly plasma triglycerides, in women.

Meal composition affects postprandial fatty acid oxidation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. R1065-R1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Surina ◽  
W. Langhans ◽  
R. Pauli ◽  
C. Wenk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The influence of macronutrient content of a meal on postprandial fatty acid oxidation was investigated in 13 Caucasian males after consumption of a high-fat (HF) breakfast (33% carbohydrate, 52% fat, 15% protein) and after an equicaloric high-carbohydrate (HC) breakfast (78% carbohydrate, 6% fat, 15% protein). The HF breakfast contained short- and medium-chain fatty acids, as well as long-chain fatty acids. Respiratory quotient (RQ) and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were measured during the 3 h after the meal as indicators of whole body substrate oxidation and hepatic fatty acid oxidation, respectively. Plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and lactate were also determined because of their relationship to nutrient utilization. RQ was significantly lower and plasma BHB was higher after the HF breakfast than after the HC breakfast, implying that more fat is burned in general and specifically in the liver after an HF meal. As expected, plasma FFA and triglycerides were higher after the HF meal, and insulin and lactate were higher after the HC meal. In sum, oxidation of ingested fat occurred in response to a single HF meal.

Malonyl-CoA content and fatty acid oxidation in rat muscle and liver in vivo

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E259-E265 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chien ◽  
David Dean ◽  
Asish K. Saha ◽  
J. P. Flatt ◽  
Neil B. Ruderman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Time Point

Malonyl-CoA acutely regulates fatty acid oxidation in liver in vivo by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Thus rapid increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA, accompanied by decreases in long-chain fatty acyl carnitine (LCFA-carnitine) and fatty acid oxidation have been observed in liver of fasted-refed rats. It is less clear that it plays a similar role in skeletal muscle. To examine this question, whole body respiratory quotients (RQ) and the concentrations of malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine in muscle were determined in 48-h-starved rats before and at various times after refeeding. RQ values were 0.82 at baseline and increased to 0.93, 1.0, 1.05, and 1.09 after 1, 3, 12, and 18 h of refeeding, respectively, suggesting inhibition of fat oxidation in all tissues. The increases in RQ at each time point correlated closely ( r = 0.98) with increases (50–250%) in the concentration of malonyl-CoA in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and decreases in plasma FFA and muscle LCFA-carnitine levels. Similar changes in malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine were observed in liver. The increases in malonyl-CoA in muscle during refeeding were not associated with increases in the assayable activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) or decreases in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD). The results suggest that, during refeeding after a fast, decreases in fatty acid oxidation occur rapidly in muscle and are attributable both to decreases in plasma FFA and increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA. They also suggest that the increase in malonyl-CoA in this situation is not due to changes in the assayable activity of either ACC or MCD or an increase in the cytosolic concentration of citrate.

Excess body fat in men decreases plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation during endurance exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. E354-E362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
David A. Fields ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Exercise Induced

The effect of relative body fat mass on exercise-induced stimulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation was evaluated in 15 untrained men (5 lean, 5 overweight, and 5 obese with body mass indexes of 21 ± 1, 27 ± 1, and 34 ± 1 kg/m2, respectively, and %body fat ranging from 12 to 32%). Palmitate and glycerol kinetics and substrate oxidation were assessed during 90 min of cycling at 50% peak aerobic capacity (V̇o2 peak) by use of stable isotope-labeled tracer infusion and indirect calorimetry. An inverse relationship was found between %body fat and exercise-induced increase in glycerol appearance rate relative to fat mass ( r2 = 0.74; P < 0.01). The increase in total fatty acid uptake during exercise [(μmol/kg fat-free mass) × 90 min] was ∼50% smaller in obese (181 ± 70; P < 0.05) and ∼35% smaller in overweight (230 ± 71; P < 0.05) than in lean (354 ± 34) men. The percentage of total fatty acid oxidation derived from systemic plasma fatty acids decreased with increasing body fat, from 49 ± 3% in lean to 39 ± 4% in obese men ( P < 0.05); conversely, the percentage of nonsystemic fatty acids, presumably derived from intramuscular and possibly plasma triglycerides, increased with increasing body fat ( P < 0.05). We conclude that the lipolytic response to exercise decreases with increasing adiposity. The blunted increase in lipolytic rate in overweight and obese men compared with lean men limits the availability of plasma fatty acids as a fuel during exercise. However, the rate of total fat oxidation was similar in all groups because of a compensatory increase in the oxidation of nonsystemic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2276-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Obese Women

We evaluated plasma fatty acid availability and plasma and whole body fatty acid oxidation during exercise in five lean and five abdominally obese women (body mass index = 21 ± 1 vs. 38 ± 1 kg/m2), who were matched on aerobic fitness, to test the hypothesis that obesity alters the relative contribution of plasma and nonplasma fatty acids to total energy production during exercise. Subjects exercised on a recumbent cycle ergometer for 90 min at 54% of their peak oxygen consumption. Stable isotope tracer methods ([13C]palmitate) were used to measure fatty acid rate of appearance in plasma and the rate of plasma fatty acid oxidation, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure whole body substrate oxidation. During exercise, palmitate rate of appearance increased progressively and was similar in obese and lean groups between 60 and 90 min of exercise [3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 4.0 ± 0.3 μmol · kg fat free mass (FFM)−1 · min−1]. The rate of plasma fatty acid oxidation was also similar in obese and lean subjects (12.8 ± 1.7 vs. 14.5 ± 1.8 μmol · kg FFM−1 · min−1; P = not significant). However, whole body fatty acid oxidation during exercise was 25% greater in obese than in lean subjects (21.9 ± 1.2 vs. 17.5 ± 1.6 μmol · kg FFM−1 · min−1; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that, although plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation are similar during exercise in lean and obese women, women with abdominal obesity use more fat as a fuel by oxidizing more nonplasma fatty acids.

Endurance training decreases plasma glucose turnover and oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in men

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
R. J. Spina ◽  
D. M. Bier ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Before And After

To assess the effects of endurance training on plasma glucose kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise in men, seven men were studied before and after 12 wk of strenuous exercise training (3 days/wk running, 3 days/wk cycling). After priming of the glucose and bicarbonate pools, [U-13C] glucose was infused continuously during 2 h of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% of pretraining peak O2 uptake (VO2) to determine glucose turnover and oxidation. Training increased cycle ergometer peak VO2 by 23% and decreased the respiratory exchange ratio during the final 30 min of exercise from 0.89 +/- 0.01 to 0.85 +/- 0.01 (SE) (P less than 0.001). Plasma glucose turnover during exercise decreased from 44.6 +/- 3.5 mumol.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1 before training to 31.5 +/- 4.3 after training (P less than 0.001), whereas plasma glucose clearance (i.e., rate of disappearance/plasma glucose concentration) fell from 9.5 +/- 0.6 to 6.4 +/- 0.8 ml.kg FFM-1.min-1 (P less than 0.001). Oxidation of plasma-derived glucose, which accounted for approximately 90% of plasma glucose disappearance in both the untrained and trained states, decreased from 41.1 +/- 3.4 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1 before training to 27.7 +/- 4.8 after training (P less than 0.001). This decrease could account for roughly one-half of the total reduction in the amount of carbohydrate utilized during the final 30 min of exercise in the trained compared with the untrained state.

Fatty acid oxidation in African-American and Caucasian women during physical activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2319-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
J. Privette ◽  
K. McIver ◽  
H. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acid Oxidation

The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in physical activity-related fat oxidation exist between lean and obese African-American (LAA and OAA) and lean and obese Caucasian (LC and OC) premenopausal women. Lean AA (28.4 ± 2.8 yr, n = 7), LC (24.7 ± 1.8 yr, n = 9), OAA (30.9 ± 2.2 yr, n = 11), and OC (34.1 ± 2.5 yr, n = 9) women underwent preliminary assessment of peak aerobic capacity (V˙o 2 peak). On a subsequent testing day, participants exercised after an 8-h fast on a cycle ergometer at 15 W (∼40% V˙o 2 peak) for 10 min and then for 10 min at ∼65% V˙o 2 peak. Fatty acid oxidation was determined using the average respiratory exchange ratio and O2 consumption during minutes 5–9of the exercise session. Percent body fat and fat-free mass were lower ( P < 0.05) in LAA (25.8 ± 2.8% and 48.3 kg) and LC (26.4 ± 2.0% and 45.8 ± 1.7 kg) than in OAA (41.2 ± 1.3% and 58.8 ± 3.3 kg) and OC (39.3 ± 2.7% and 58.6 kg) women. Fat oxidation among the groups was analyzed statistically using analysis of covariance with fat-free mass andV˙o 2 peak as covariates. During exercise at 15 W, fat oxidation was as low in LAA (0.134 ± 0.024 g/min) as in OAA (0.144 ± 0.026 g/min) and OC (0.156 ± 0.020 g/min) women: all these rates of fat oxidation were lower than in LC women (0.200 ± 0.021 g/min, P < 0.05, LC vs. all other groups). Fatty acid oxidation during higher-intensity exercise (65%V˙o 2 peak) was higher in LC than in OC women but was not statistically different between African-American and Caucasian groups. Fatty acid oxidation was therefore lower during low-intensity physical activity in OAA, LAA, and OC than in LC women.

Regulation of plasma fatty acid oxidation during low- and high-intensity exercise

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. E1065-E1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Sidossis ◽  
A. Gastaldelli ◽  
S. Klein ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

In the present study we examined the hypothesis that fatty acid oxidation is less during high-intensity exercise than during moderate-intensity exercise because of inhibition of long-chain fatty acid entry into the mitochondria. Six volunteers exercised at 40% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for 60 min and at 80% VO2peak for 30 min on two different occasions. [1-13C]oleate, a long-chain fatty acid, and [1-14C]octanoate, a medium-chain fatty acid, were infused for the duration of the studies. Lipids and heparin were infused during exercise at 80% VO2peak to prevent the expected decrease in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Plasma oleate and total FFA availability were similar in the two experiments. Oleate oxidation decreased from 2.8 +/- 0.6 (40% VO2peak) to 1.8 +/- 0.2 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (80% VO2peak, P < 0.05), whereas octanoate oxidation increased from 1.0e-05 +/- 1.0e-06 (40% VO2peak) to 1.3e-05 +/- 5.1e-06 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (80% VO2peak, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of oleate uptake oxidized decreased from 67.7 +/- 2.8% (40% VO2peak) to 51.8 +/- 4.6% (80% VO2peak, P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of octanoate oxidized was similar during exercise at 40 and 80% VO2peak (84.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 89.3 +/- 2.7%, respectively). Our data suggest that, in addition to suboptimal FFA availability, fatty acid oxidation is likely limited during high-intensity exercise because of direct inhibition of long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria.

Dietary palmitate and linoleate oxidations, oxidative stress, and DNA damage differ according to season in mouse lemurs exposed to a chronic food deprivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R950-R959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Giroud ◽  
Martine Perret ◽  
Caroline Gilbert ◽  
Alexandre Zahariev ◽  
Joëlle Goudable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mouse Lemurs

This study investigated the extent to which the increase in torpor expression in the grey mouse lemur, due to graded food restriction, is modulated by a trade-off between a whole body sparing of polyunsaturated dietary fatty acids and the related oxidative stress generated during daily torpor. We measured changes in torpor frequency, total energy expenditure (TEE), linoleate (polyunsaturated fatty acid) and palmitate (saturated fatty acid) oxidation, hexanoyl-lysine (HEL; the product of linoleate peroxidation), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG; a marker of DNA damage). Animals under summer-acclimated long days (LD) or winter-acclimated short days (SD) were exposed to a 40% (LD40 and SD40) and 80% (LD80 and SD80) 35-day calorie restriction (CR). During CR, all groups reduced their body mass, but LD80 animals reached survival-threatened levels at day 22 and were then excluded from the CR trial. Only SD mouse lemurs increased their torpor frequency with CR and displayed a decrease in their TEE adjusted for fat-free mass. After CR, SD40 mouse lemurs shifted the dietary fatty acid oxidation toward palmitate and spared linoleate. Such a shift was not observed in LD animals and during severe CR, during which oxidation of both dietary fatty acids was increased. Concomitantly, HEL increased in both LD40 and SD80 groups, whereas DNA damage was only seen in SD80 food-restricted animals. HEL correlated positively with linoleate oxidation confirming in vivo the substrate/product relationship demonstrated in vitro, and negatively with TEE adjusted for fat-free mass, suggesting higher oxidative stress associated with increased torpor expression. This suggests a seasonal-dependant, cost-benefit trade-off between maximizing torpor propensity and minimizing oxidative stress that is associated with a shift toward sparing of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids that is dependent upon the expression of a winter phenotype.

Control of food intake by fatty acid oxidation

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. R1003-R1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Scharrer ◽  
W. Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Plasma Ffa

The role of fatty acid oxidation in the control of food intake was studied using mercaptoacetate (MA), an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Food intake, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and ketone bodies, and blood glucose were measured. Rats were fed either a low-fat (LF, 3.33% fat) or a medium-fat (MF, 18% fat) diet. At the onset of the dark phase of the lighting cycle, MA did not affect food intake in LF rats but increased it 74% in MF rats in comparison to control. Four hours after the injection the effect of MA on food intake disappeared. In the middle of the bright phase of the lighting cycle, MA increased food intake in MF rats approximately 120% up to 6 h postinjection. After MA, plasma FFA concentration was elevated, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration was lowered, indicating that fatty acid oxidation had been successfully reduced. MA did not affect blood glucose. These results indicate fatty acid oxidation is involved in the control of food intake, at least when the dietary fat level is relatively high.

scholarly journals Effect of acute exercise on uncoupling protein 3 is a fat metabolism-mediated effect

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. E11-E17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schrauwen ◽  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Ilonca Vaartjes ◽  
Esther Kornips ◽  
Wim H. M. Saris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Human and rodent uncoupling protein (UCP)3 mRNA is upregulated after acute exercise. Moreover, exercise increases plasma levels of free fatty acid (FFA), which are also known to upregulate UCP3. We investigated whether the upregulation of UCP3 after exercise is an effect of exercise per se or an effect of FFA levels or substrate oxidation. Seven healthy untrained men [age: 22.7 ± 0.6 yr; body mass index: 23.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2; maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max): 3,852 ± 211 ml/min] exercised at 50% V˙o 2 max for 2 h and then rested for 4 h. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken before and immediately after 2 h of exercise and 1 and 4 h in the postexercise period. To modulate plasma FFA levels and fat/glucose oxidation, the experiment was performed two times, one time with glucose ingestion and one time while fasting. UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein were determined by RT-competitive PCR and Western blot. In the fasted state, plasma FFA levels significantly increased ( P < 0.0001) during exercise (293 ± 25 vs. 1,050 ± 127 μmol/l), whereas they were unchanged after glucose ingestion (335 ± 54 vs. 392 ± 74 μmol/l). Also, fat oxidation was higher after fasting ( P < 0.05), whereas glucose oxidation was higher after glucose ingestion ( P< 0.05). In the fasted state, UCP3L mRNA expression was increased significantly ( P < 0.05) 4 h after exercise (4.6 ± 1.2 vs. 9.6 ± 3.3 amol/μg RNA). This increase in UCP3L mRNA expression was prevented by glucose ingestion. Acute exercise had no effect on UCP3 protein levels. In conclusion, we found that acute exercise had no direct effect on UCP3 mRNA expression. Abolishing the commonly observed increase in plasma FFA levels and/or fatty acid oxidation during and after exercise prevents the upregulation of UCP3 after acute exercise. Therefore, the previously observed increase in UCP3 expression appears to be an effect of prolonged elevation of plasma FFA levels and/or increased fatty acid oxidation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document