scholarly journals Inosine reduces inflammation and improves survival in a murine model of colitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. G138-G144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Mabley ◽  
P. Pacher ◽  
L. Liaudet ◽  
F. G. Soriano ◽  
G. Haskó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Inosine, a naturally occurring purine formed from the breakdown of adenosine, has recently been shown to exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. This study evaluated inosine as a potential therapy for colitis. Colitis was induced in mice by the administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Oral treatment with inosine was begun either before the onset of colitis or as a posttreatment once colitis was established. Evaluation of colon damage and inflammation was determined grossly (body wt, rectal bleeding), histologically, and biochemically (colon levels of MPO, MDA, and cytokines). DSS-induced colitis significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration into the colon. DSS-induced colitis also increased colon levels of lipid peroxidation, cytokines, and chemokines. Inosine protected the colon from DSS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation. Inosine also partially reduced these parameters in an experimental model of established colitis. Thus inosine treatment may be a potential therapy in colitis.

Colchicine attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. F200-F209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ji Li ◽  
Sun Ha Lee ◽  
Dong Ki Kim ◽  
Ri Jin ◽  
Dong-Sub Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Matrix Accumulation

Recent studies have demonstrated that an inflammatory mechanism contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is also known that colchicine (Col) can prevent various renal injuries via its anti-inflammatory action. However, the effect of colchicine on DN has never been explored. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of colchicine on inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in DN. In vivo, 64 rats were injected with diluent (C; n = 32) or streptozotocin intraperitoneally (DM, n = 32). Sixteen rats from each group were treated with Col. In vitro, rat mesangial cells and NRK-52E cells were cultured in media with 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG) with or without 10−8M Col. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and the levels of MCP-1 in renal tissue and culture media were measured by ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were also performed for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expression, respectively, and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for ICAM-1, FN, and ED-1 with renal tissue. Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion at 6 wk and 3 mo were significantly higher in DM compared with C rats ( P < 0.05), and colchicine treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats ( P < 0.05). Col significantly inhibited the increase in MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels under diabetic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. ICAM-1 and FN expression showed a similar pattern to the expression of MCP-1. IHC revealed that the number of ED-1(+) cells were significantly higher in DM compared with C kidney ( P < 0.005), and this increase was significantly attenuated by Col treatment ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, Col prevents not only inflammatory cell infiltration via inhibition of enhanced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression but also ECM accumulation in DN. These findings provide a new perspective on the renoprotective effects of Col in DN.

scholarly journals Inhibition of the lncRNA Mirt1 Attenuates Acute Myocardial Infarction by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrao Li ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Kai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cardiac Functions

Background/Aims: The expression of a novel lncRNA, myocardial infarction associated transcript 1(Mirt1), has been shown to be upregulated in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the role of Mirt1 in AMI is not clear. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the level of Mirt1 in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in AMI mice. Moreover, adenovirus mediated knockdown of Mirt1 was employed to clarify its roles in AMI mice or cultured cardiac fibroblasts. The cardiac functions and infarct size of AMI mice were examined, and tissues and cultured cells were collected and processed for histology and biochemical examination. Results: We demonstrated that Mirt1 was mainly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts, and that knockdown of Mirt1 improved cardiac functions, decreased cardiomyocytes apoptosis and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of Mirt1 in cardiac fibroblasts not only attenuated the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, but also suppressed the migration of macrophages under hypoxia in vitro. NF-κB signaling pathway, activated under hypoxia, was also inhibited by Mirt1 knockdown in fibroblasts. Conclusions: Knockdown of Mirt1 attenuates AMI injury presumably by decreasing cardiomyocytes apoptosis and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. These effects could be attributed, at least partly, to inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, resulting in decreased expression of inflammatory factors.

scholarly journals PECAM1 Combines With CXCR4 to Trigger Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Pulpitis Progression Through Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Songbo Tian
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion ◽  
Human Dental Pulp

Pulpitis is a frequent bacterially driven inflammation featured with the local accumulation of inflammatory products in human dental pulps. A GEO dataset GSE16134 comprising data of inflamed dental pulp tissues was used for bioinformatics analyses. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis suggested that chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) owned a high correlation with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1). A rat model with pulpitis was established, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) were used for in vitro experiments. Then, high expression of PECAM1 and CXCR4 was validated in the inflamed dental pulp tissues in rats and in LPS-induced HDPFs. Either downregulation of PECAM1 or CXCR4 suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in inflamed tissues as well as the inflammation and apoptosis of HDPFs. A transcription factor myocyte-enhancer factor 2 (MEF2C) was predicted and validated as a positive regulator of either PECAM1 or CXCR4, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted pulpitis progression. To sum up, this study suggested that MEF2C transcriptionally activates PECAM1 and CXCR4 to activate the B-cell and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and pulpitis progression.

scholarly journals The CD40-TRAF6 axis is the key regulator of the CD40/CD40L system in neointima formation and arterial remodeling

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 4596-4604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo M. P. C. Donners ◽  
Linda Beckers ◽  
Dirk Lievens ◽  
Imke Munnix ◽  
Johan Heemskerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Collagenolytic Activity ◽  
Neointima Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract We investigated the role of CD40 and CD40L in neointima formation and identified the downstream CD40-signaling intermediates (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]–receptor associated factors [TRAF]) involved. Neointima formation was induced in wild-type, CD40−/−, CD40L−/−, and in CD40−/− mice that contained a CD40 transgene with or without mutations at the CD40-TRAF2,3&5, TRAF6, or TRAF2,3,5&6 binding sites. Compared with wild-type mice, CD40−/− mice showed a significant decrease in neointima formation with increased collagen deposition and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Neointima formation was also impaired in wild-type mice reconstituted with CD40−/− bone marrow. In vitro, the capacity of CD40−/− leukocytes to adhere to the endothelium was reduced. Ligated carotid arteries of CD40−/− mice showed a smaller total vessel volume and an impaired remodeling capacity, reflected by decreased gelatinolytic/collagenolytic activity. Comparable results were found in mice with defects in CD40-TRAF6 and CD40-TRAF 2/3/5&6 binding, but not in mice with defects in CD40-TRAF2/3&5 binding. Neointima formation and vascular remodeling in CD40-receptor–deficient mice is impaired, due to a decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix-degrading protease activity, with CD40-TRAF6 signaling as the key regulator. This identifies the CD40-TRAF6 axis as a potential therapeutic target in vascular disease.

Quantifying Ocular Surface Inflammation and Correlating It With Inflammatory Cell Infiltration In Vivo: A Novel Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferrari ◽  
Alessandro Rabiolo ◽  
Fabio Bignami ◽  
Federico Sizzano ◽  
Alessio Palini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Surface Inflammation ◽  
Ocular Surface Inflammation

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

A Case of Bullous Amyloidosis Associated with an Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Prominent Pruritus

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Taisuke KAMIYAMA ◽  
Yoshihiro KAWAGUCHI ◽  
Masami SASAKI ◽  
Masamichi SATOU ◽  
Kumiko MIURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration
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