scholarly journals Sex differences in brain response to anticipated and experienced visceral pain in healthy subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (8) ◽  
pp. G687-G699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Kano ◽  
Adam D. Farmer ◽  
Qasim Aziz ◽  
Vincent P. Giampietro ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Brain Processing

Women demonstrate higher pain sensitivity and prevalence of chronic visceral pain conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders than men. The role of sex differences in the brain processing of visceral pain is still unclear. In 16 male and 16 female healthy subjects we compared personality, anxiety levels, skin conductance response (SCR), and brain processing using functional MRI during anticipation and pain induced by esophageal distension at pain toleration level. There was no significant difference in personality scores, anxiety levels, SCR, and subjective ratings of pain between sexes. In group analysis, both men and women demonstrated a similar pattern of brain activation and deactivation during anticipation and pain consistent with previous reports. However, during anticipation women showed significantly greater activation in the cuneus, precuneus, and supplementary motor area (SMA) and stronger deactivation in the right amygdala and left parahippocampal gyrus, whereas men demonstrated greater activation in the cerebellum. During pain, women demonstrated greater activation in the midcingulate cortex, anterior insula, premotor cortex, and cerebellum and stronger deactivation in the caudate, whereas men showed increased activity in the SMA. The pattern of brain activity suggests that, during anticipation, women may demonstrate stronger limbic inhibition, which is considered to be a cognitive modulation strategy for impending painful stimulation. During pain, women significantly activate brain areas associated with the affective and motivation components of pain. These responses may underlie the sex differences that exist in pain conditions, whereby women may attribute more emotional importance to painful stimuli compared with men.

scholarly journals Etiological Group Analysis of Cytokine Response To Influenza-Like Illnesses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Plotnikova ◽  
Sergey A. Klotchenko ◽  
Alexey A. Lozhkov ◽  
Kirill I Lebedev ◽  
Alexander S. Taraskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Cytokine Analysis ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractRespiratory infections, collectively, are one of the world’s most common and serious illness groups. As recent observations have shown, the most severe courses of acute respiratory infection, often leading to death, are due to uncontrolled cytokine production (hypercytokinemia). The research presented is devoted to assessment of mRNA expression of specific cytokines (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-λ) and MxA in whole blood leukocytes, by means of real-time PCR. This study involved 364 patients with respiratory illness being treated in clinics in St. Petersburg (Russia) in 2018-2019 and 30 healthy subjects. In 70% of patients, bacterial or viral pathogens were identified, with influenza viral infections (types A, B) prevailing. Cytokine analysis was carried out in the acute phase of illness (2-3 days from onset of initial symptoms) and in the stage of recovery (days 9-10). Significant increases in the expression of IL-18, TNF, and IL-10 were observed, relative to controls, only with influenza viral infections. We have shown a difference in IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with bacterial or viral pathogens. No significant difference was found in WBC IL-4 expression levels between patients and healthy subjects. Investigation of the nuances of systemic cytokine production, in response to specific viral and bacterial pathogens, makes it possible to: assess the risks of developing hypercytokinemia during respiratory infection with agents circulating in the human population; and to predict the pathogenicity and virulence of circulating threats.

Are there sex differences in placebo analgesia during visceral pain processing? A fMRI study in healthy subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Theysohn ◽  
J. Schmid ◽  
A. Icenhour ◽  
C. Mewes ◽  
M. Forsting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Fmri Study

TERAPI MUSIK DAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN PREOPERASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wenny Savitri ◽  
Nani Fidayanti ◽  
Paulus Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Background: Surgery is one of medical interventions which can cause fear, anxiety, and stressed because of its effects toward the integrity of body and soul. Nurses have significant roles in any preoperative care which is helping patients to decrease preoperative anxiety by using complementary therapy. The use of music therapy as one of the complementary therapies is not common in Indonesia. Therefore, scientific studies to prove the role of this therapy to decrease the level of anxiety of pre-operative patients is needed. Objective: To investigate the effects of music therapy in reducing anxiety levels of preoperative patients. Methods: A quasy experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group was applied to 50 respondents from medical ward in Panembahan Senopati Hospital of Yogyakarta who met the inclusion criteria.Dara were then analyzed by using t-test statistical analysis. Results: The control group showed the increased value of anxiety level of0.8 without music intervention (t= - 1503, df = 24, p<.05), whereas the intervention group showed the decreased value of anxiety level of -5.52 (t=5.081, df=24, p<.05). Meanwhile the independent t-test results for both groups showed a significant difference between group (t= 3,373, df=48, p<.05). Conclusion: Music therapy has significant effect in reducing preoperative anxiety levels of patients. Keywords: anxiety, preoperative, music therapy

The Y-shaped trabecular bone structure in the odontoid process of the axis: a CT scan study in 54 healthy subjects and biomechanical considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Montemurro ◽  
Paolo Perrini ◽  
Vittoriano Mangini ◽  
Massimo Galli ◽  
Andrea Papini
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Trabecular Structure ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEOdontoid process fractures are very common in both young and geriatric patients. The axial trabecular architecture of the dens appears to be crucial for physiological and biomechanical function of the C1–2 joint. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of a Y-shaped trabecular structure of the dens on axial CT and to describe its anatomical and biomechanical implications.METHODSFifty-four C2 odontoid processes in healthy subjects were prospectively examined for the presence of a Y-shaped trabecular structure at the odontocentral synchondrosis level with a dental cone beam CT scan. Length, width, and axial area of the odontoid process were measured in all subjects. In addition, measurements of the one-third right anterior area of the Y-shaped structure were taken.RESULTSThe Y-shaped trabecular structure was found in 79.6% of cases. Length and width of the odontoid process were 13.5 ± 0.6 mm and 11.2 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The mean area of the odontoid process at the odontocentral synchondrosis was 93.5 ± 4.3 mm2, whereas the mean one-third right anterior area of the odontoid process at the same level was 29.3 ± 2.5 mm2. The mean area of the odontoid process and its length and width were similar in men and women (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the mean area of the odontoid process in people older than 65 years (94 ± 4.2 mm2) compared to people younger than 65 years (93.3 ± 4.4 mm2; p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified a new anatomical entity, named the Y-shaped trabecular structure of the odontoid process, on axial CT scans. This structure appears to be the result of bone transformation induced by the elevated dynamic loading at the C1–2 level. The presence of the Y-shaped structure provides new insights into biomechanical responses of C2 under physiological loading and traumatic conditions.

Over-expression of IL-6 coding gene in the peripheral blood of migraine with aura patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ramezani ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian ◽  
Mehrdokht Mazdeh ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Migraine is a common disorder which is placed among the top ten reasons of years lived with disability. Cytokines are among the molecules that contribute in the pathophysiology of migraine. In the current study, we evaluated expression levels of IL-6 coding gene in the peripheral blood of 120 migraine patients (54 migraine without aura and 66 migraine with aura patients) and 40 healthy subjects. No significant difference was detected in expression of IL-6 between total migraine patients and healthy controls (Posterior beta = 0.253, P value = 0.199). The interaction effect between gender and group was significant (Posterior beta =-1.274, P value = 0.011), therefore, we conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Such analysis revealed that while expression of this gene is not different between male patients and male controls (Posterior beta =-0.371, P value > 0.999), it was significantly over-expressed in female patients compared with female controls (Posterior beta = 0.86, P= 0.002). Expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with aura compared with controls (Posterior beta = 0.63, adjusted P value = 0.019). However, expression of this cytokine coding gene was not different between patients without aura and healthy subjects (Posterior beta = 0.193, adjusted P value = 0.281). Therefore, IL-6 might be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine among females and migraine with aura among both sexes.

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martje G. Pauly ◽  
Annika Steinmeier ◽  
Christina Bolte ◽  
Feline Hamami ◽  
Elinor Tzvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anxiety Level of Mothers of Children with Epilepsy during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Halil Celik ◽  
Sadettin Burak Acikel ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Akif Ozdemir ◽  
Erhan Aksoy ◽  
Ulkuhan Oztoprak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

<b><i>Background and Aim:</i></b> Although anyone can be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, it may cause additional concern for people with chronic conditions. Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine anxiety levels among the mothers of children under follow-up for epilepsy in our clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study group consisted of the mothers of epilepsy patients who were under follow-up in the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic of the tertiary care center and were scheduled for a routine examination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mothers’ anxiety levels according to the Beck Anxiety Inventory and their opinions about COVID-19 in relation to their child were assessed and compared based on whether the mother/patient attended their appointments in person and whether the child had frequent or infrequent seizures. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety level between the mothers of 64 children with epilepsy who attended their appointment during the pandemic and those of the mothers of 52 who did not attend their appointment. However, the mothers of children with frequent seizures had significantly higher anxiety levels. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Anxiety level of mothers whose children have frequent seizures was significantly higher compared to mothers whose children have infrequent seizures. It is important to be aware about this point and using telemedicine approach in suitable population and postpone routine outpatient follow-up appointments as much as possible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes of patients with Jorge Lobo's disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Regina Vilani-Moreno ◽  
Luciana Moreira Silva ◽  
Diltor Vladimir Araújo Opromolla
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
And Control

Studies on host-parasite interaction in Jorge Lobo's disease are scarce, with no report in the literature on the phagocytosis of Lacazia loboi by phagocytic mononuclear cells. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes in the presence of L. loboi in patients with the disease and in healthy subjects (controls) over 3 and 24 hours of incubation. Statistical analyses of the results showed no significant difference in percent phagocytosis of the fungus between patient and control monocytes. With respect to incubation time, however, there was a significant difference, in that percent phagocytosis was higher at 3 hours than at 24 hours (p <0.01). These results suggest that monocytes from patients with the mycosis are able to phagocyte the fungus, as also observed in control individuals.

Sex Differences in Response to Absurd, Aggressive, Pro-Feminist, Sexual, Sexist, and Racial Jokes

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Ingrando
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Catholic College ◽  
Significant Difference

50 male and 50 female students attending a small Catholic college in a suburban area were given a questionnaire of 30 jokes and 20 biographical questions. The subjects rated the jokes on scale of 1 (not at all funny) through 5 (very funny). The jokes had been previously categorized by 5 male and 5 female judges independently into absurd, aggressive, profeminist, sexual, sexist, and racial. No significant difference was found between the sexes on feminist attitude and use of humor. Correlations between categories of jokes and total joke responses were significant. Results were not consistent with previous studies. Reasons for the differences were examined.

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