Relative Effectiveness of Certain Drugs Against Shock Produced in Mice From Tourniquet and Burn Trauma

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carl Millican ◽  
Edward F. Stohlman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Burn Shock ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Simultaneous Comparisons ◽  
Human Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
And Control

The therapeutic effectiveness of chlorpromazine, dibenamine, l-norepinephrine, 1-ethylsulfonyl-4-ethyl-piperazine hydrochloride, serotonin, ascorbic acid, human plasma cholinesterase and a bacterial polysaccharide (Piromen), has been studied in experimental tourniquet and burn shock in mice. Employing survival as an indication of therapeutic effect, simultaneous comparisons were made of the survival of groups of animals receiving these agents in saline and control groups receiving saline alone. Chlorpromazine pretreatment (8–20 mg/kg) produced reproducible positive effects on survival whether given alone or in conjunction with saline replacement therapy. Dibenamine pretreatment (5–25 mg/kg) produced positive effects on survival but this response was not always reproducible. No beneficial effect was demonstrable following administration of the remainder of these agents when compared to control groups given saline alone.

scholarly journals Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110000
Author(s):  
Madhava Sai Sivapuram ◽  
Vinod Srivastava ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Yoga Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

Home Visiting of Varying Frequency and Child Development

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Christine Powell ◽  
Sally Grantham-McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Developmental Quotient ◽  
Care Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Local Health Center ◽  
And Control

Two studies were made of home visiting and psychosocial stimulation with deprived urban children in Jamaica. The aim was to determine the relative effectiveness of different frequencies of visiting on the children's developmental levels and the feasibility of integrating the model into government primary health care services. Health paraprofessionals supervised by a nurse from a local health center conducted the intervention. In the first study, 152 children aged 6 to 30 months were assigned to groups visited biweekly, monthly, or not at all by area of residence. The biweekly group showed small but significant increases in scores on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (developmental quotient) and performance subscale compared with the monthly and control groups, whereas no benefit was shown in the Griffiths scores of the monthly group. In the second study, 58 children aged 16 to 30 months from the same neighborhoods were randomly assigned to weekly visited and control groups. The group visited weekly showed marked improvements in the performance and hearing and speech subscales as well as the developmental quotient scores. The results indicate that as the frequency of visiting increases from none through monthly and biweekly to weekly, the benefits increase as well.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Enalapril and the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Losartan on Fracture Healing in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Bayar ◽  
Ali Turan ◽  
Kanat Gülle ◽  
Meryem Akpolat ◽  
İnci Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fracture Callus ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Control

Purpose: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and type I angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have been shown to exert significant effects on bone tissue via a local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). The aim of our study was to delineate their influences on fracture healing process. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. After undergoing surgical femoral fracture and fixation, the ACEI group received 10 mg/kg of Enalapril, the ARB group received 10 mg/kg of Losartan and the Control group did not receive any medication. Fracture healing was evaluated at second and fifth postoperative weeks by the Lane-Sandhu radiological staging system and by histological scoring system of Huoet al. ACE expression in fracture callus was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Both ACEI and ARB groups showed less fibrous tissue in the fracture area at the second week, but the histologic score differences were significant only between Control and ARB groups. At the fifth week, however, both radiological and histological scores for the ACEI group were significantly higher than both ARB and Control groups, while the scores for ARB and Control groups were similar. The presence of ACE expression in fracture callus was also observed. Conclusion: ACEIs had significant positive effects on fracture repair. Losartan failed to display these stimulatory effects, which suggests that local RAS in bone tissue exerts its actions via alternative receptors or pathways than the AT1 receptor.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teaching Supported by Interactive Whiteboard on Students’ Mathematical Achievements in Lower Secondary Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Tunaboylu ◽  
Ergül Demir
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Interactive Whiteboard ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using the interactive whiteboard in mathematics teaching process on the 7th-grade students’ achievement. This study was conducted as experimental design. Experimental and control groups were composed of 58 7th-grade students from one school in the 2015-2016 educational year in Ankara. As a measurement tool, an achievement test developed by the researchers was used as the pre-test and post-test. An education program which included the activities with the interactive whiteboard was developed by researchers. And, this program was implemented to the experimental group 12 hours over 3 weeks. On the other hand, activities for the control group were limited to the blackboard usage. In the analysis of the data, “analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)” was used by defining the pre-test scores as “covariate” variable.According to the findings, it was observed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups pre-test average scores. When the difference of pre-test scores under control, it was observed the significant difference between the average post-test scores in favor of the experimental group. These findings show that using the interactive whiteboard in mathematics teaching process has positive effects on the students’ mathematical achievement. These results are supported by some other researchers’ findings.

scholarly journals DOES COOPERATIVE LEARNING BRING POSITIVE EFFECT ON STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACHIEVEMENT?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Eva Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Vocabulary Achievement

This study wanted to investigate the effect of cooperative learning on students’ vocabulary achievement. The subject of this study is 54 students of grade seven in one of public junior high schools in East Java Indonesia. The researcher divided the subjects into two groups; experimental and control groups which consisted of 27 students. The instruments of this study were used tests, and observation. The tests consisted of pre and posttest which delivered in the first and the last meeting. The observation was done to observe the situation of students in the classroom during the implementation of cooperative learning and conventional method. In this study, the researcher used SPSS 24 to analyze the data. The result of this study revealed that the use of cooperative learning and conventional method significantly improve students’ vocabulary achievement. It also gave positive effects for the students such as; increasing students’ motivation and cooperation and decreasing their nervous. The result also showed that there was no significant different between conventional method and cooperative learning on students’ vocabulary achievement.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbal Echinacea on Recurrent Minor Oral Aphthous Ulcer

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Khozeimeh ◽  
Zahra Saberi ◽  
Atefeh Tavangar ◽  
Fahime Fakhari Badi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Aphthous Ulcer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: The oral aphthous is a common oral ulcer with intense pain and there is no treatment for it, yet. Echinacea is an herbal medicine that moderated the immune system. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Echinacea on the treatment of aphthous ulcer. Methods: 50 patients with minor aphthous participated in our study. 25 patients take 3 tablets in a day for five weeks (case group) and 25 patients didn’t take any tablets (control group). The patients were monitored for one month before taking the tablets for six months. During this period, the number of lesions, complete improvement of ulcers, recurrence rate and intensity of pain were considered in each month. Finally, the Friedman and ANOVA tests used to analyze the obtained data. Result: Our study showed a significant difference between a number of lesions during six-month in case and control groups (p>0.001). In this way, we observed that the number of lesions was decreased significantly after six months in the case group. Hence, ANOVA analysis showed a significant decrease between each month for the intensity of pain (p=0.025), complete improvement (p<0.001) and recurrence rate (p=0.026). Conclusion: In conclusion, we showed that Echinacea tablets as an herbal medicine have positive effects on a number of lesions, intensity of pain, complete improvement and recurrence rate in patients with recurrent minor aphthous ulcers.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Direct Instruction Model On Intermediate Class Achievement And Attitudes Toward English Grammar

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Kousar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Attitudes Toward English ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Instruction Model

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the direct instruction model on intermediate class achievement and attitudes toward English grammar. It was an experimental study and the purpose was to explore the relative effectiveness of instructional methodology (independent variable) on students’ achievement and attitude (dependent variables). This study is based on Slavin’s (1987) components of Direct Instruction.  Direct Instruction (DI) refers to academically focused, teacher-directed classroom instruction using sequenced and structured materials. It refers to teaching activities where goals are clear to students, time allocated for instruction is sufficient and continuous, and feedback to students is immediate and academically oriented. On the other hand, in traditional lessons, the instructor verbalizes information to passive note-taking by students. The instructor thinks that students have empty minds which are to be filled with knowledge. Students are expected to record and absorb knowledge (Slavin, 1994).  In Pakistan, this approach is still unfamiliar to practitioners and researchers in education, including teachers of English language at the intermediate level.  The main objectives of the study were: 1) to measure the achievement of the experimental and control groups after providing treatment of direct instruction to the experimental group, 2) to measure the attitude of the experimental and control groups after providing treatment of direct instruction to the experimental group, 3) to compare the achievement of the experimental group with the control group after experiment and to compare the high achievers and low achievers of the experimental and control group, 4) to compare the attitude of the experimental and control groups toward English grammar after providing treatment of direct instruction, and 5) to compare the effect of direct instruction on the retention of students in English grammar.  To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, null hypotheses were formulated and tested.  The sample of the study comprised of 52 first year students who were matched on their ability in English grammar and placed into an experimental group or control group on the basis of specially-designed pre-tests.  The study was conducted in Cantt College for Women Wah Cantt.  A valid and reliable pre-test and post-test in English grammar were developed to measure the achievement of students in English grammar.  An attitude scale was developed to measure the attitude of the students toward English grammar, and it was administered before and after the treatment.  The experimental group was taught through direct instruction and the control group was taught, as usual, through the traditional approach for a period of three months. Chi-square and t-tests were applied to test the null hypotheses, and .05 was selected as the level of significance.  The results of Direct Instruction Model were consistently better than those of traditional instruction, both in terms of achievement and attitude.  After an interval of six weeks, the students taught through DI also showed better retention.

Effects of Writing Summaries as a Generative Learning Activity during Note Taking

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Davis ◽  
Richard E. Hult
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Summary Writing ◽  
And Control

Two experimental conditions of note taking in lecture sections of Introductory Psychology were compared for their relative effectiveness as generative-learning activities. The summary group students took notes during a 21-min lecture and wrote three lecture summaries during 4-min pauses. The pause group students took notes during lecture but only reviewed their notes during the pauses. The control group students took notes without pauses. Immediately following the lecture, students took a posttest, 12 days later they responded to a free-recall question and took another posttest. Although the pause and control groups did not differ on any measure, the summary group scored significantly higher than the control group on the free-recall question and 12-day posttest, suggesting that summary writing during lecture results in more durable learning.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effectiveness of modern antihelminthic drugs for geese capillariasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
V. О. Yevstafieva ◽  
V. I. Yeresko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Drugs

Many years of experience in fighting and preventing of helminthiasis in waterfowl shows that the successful elimination of parasitic diseases is possible under the conditions of a complex of organizational and economic, veterinary and sanitary and special anti-parasitic measures, which must necessarily include deworming of poultry. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of modern antihelminthic drugs for the spontaneous capillariasis geese. Experimental testing of antihelminthic preparations of domestic production was performed: piperazine 45% (DR – piperazine adipinat), 22% phenzole (DR – fenbendazole) and brovadazole plus (DR – piperazine adipinat, phenbendazole). The efficacy of the drugs was determined by the results of helminthic autopsy and coproscopicof the geese of the experimental and control groups. The main indicators of the action of drugs were extensiveness and intensive. It was established that according to the results of helminthocoproscopic investigations, the most effective drugs for capillariasis geese were phenzole 22% and brovadazole plus, their effectiveness at day 15 of the experiment was 100.0%. Efficiency (EE and IE) of piperazine 45% was slightly lower and at day 5 of treatment, according to the results of the coproscopy, was 40.0% and 65.0% respectively, for 10 days – 70.0% and 76.0%, for 15 days – 70% , 0 and 82.0%. At the same time, according to the results of helminthic autopsy geese in the process of their treatment, the effectiveness of the preparations of phenzole 22% and piperazine 45% were lower. EI of experimental geese for 15 days with the use of phenzole 22% was 40.0%, and II decreased from 21.20 ± 1.16 to 2.00 ± 1.00 ex./head. In the application of piperazine, 45% of the experimental poultry EI for 15 days reached 60.0%, II decreased from 22.40 ± 1.12 to 3.67 ± 0.58 ex./head. Extens- and intensefficiency of piperazine 45% was 40.0 and 86.0%, phenzole 22% – 60.0 and 92.0%, respectively. It was determined that the most effective preparation for geese capillariasis is brovadazole plus (EE, IE – 100.0%), which is confirmed by the results of coproscopic studies and helminthic autopsy. Based on the data obtained, confirmed by experimental studies, we recommend the use of the drug brovadazol plus in the control and prevention of capillariasis geese.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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