Growth of immature lung transplanted into an adult recipient

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. L60-L65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Hislop ◽  
M. Rinaldi ◽  
R. Lee ◽  
C. G. McGregor ◽  
S. G. Haworth
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Allogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Adult Recipient ◽  
Lung Transplants ◽  
Immature Lung ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Adult Number

Syngeneic (Lewis-to-Lewis) and allogeneic (Brown Norway-to-Lewis) unilateral left lung transplants were performed between immature rats aged 6 wk (donors) and adult animals aged 4 mo (recipients). Transplanted animals were killed either 2 wk or 6 mo after operation. Right and left lungs were analyzed separately by quantitative light microscopic techniques, and findings were compared with control animals matched for age and strain. The immature transplanted left lung continued to grow to achieve its predicted adult number of alveoli. Six months after transplantation the alveoli and airways were larger than controls in allogeneic animals (P < 0.001) but were of normal size in syngeneic animals. After both syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation the recipient contralateral mature native right lung showed an increase in volume after 6 mo (P < 0.001), abnormal in a mature lung, due to an increase in size (P < 0.01 in allogeneic, P < 0.05 in syngeneic) and alveolar number (P < 0.02 in both). This study indicates that in rats, transplanted immature lungs can fulfill their growth potential even when transplanted into mature recipients.

Vein Suturing Results in Worse Lung Graft Outcomes Compared to the Cuff Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Davide Zampieri ◽  
Nadia Azzollini ◽  
Stefania Vuljan ◽  
Federica Pezzuto ◽  
Sonia Fiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Warm Ischemia ◽  
Warm Ischemia Time ◽  
Donation After Cardiac Death ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Ischemia Time ◽  
Lung Transplants

Background: The rat orthotopic lung transplant model is not widely used yet because of the complexity of the procedure, in particular, venous anastomosis. Here, we performed a rat orthotopic lung transplantation using either the suture (ST) or cuff (CT) method for vein anastomosis. Objectives: To compare the vein ST and CT techniques in terms of operative time, success, recipient survival, and early histological outcomes was the objective of this study. Methods: A total of 24 left lung transplants in rats were performed. Twelve syngeneic (Lewis to Lewis) and 12 allogeneic (Brown-Norway to Lewis) lung transplants were performed using either the vein ST or the CT procedure. Arterial and bronchial anastomoses were performed with the CT technique. Graft histological damage was evaluated 3–7 days post-transplant in all rat lungs. Results: The surgical success rate was 75% in both the ST and CT groups. Failures related mainly to vein bleeding (n = 2 in the ST group) and thrombosis (n = 1 in the ST group; n = 2 in the CT group). Total ischemia time was longer in the ST group (122 ± 25 min in ST group vs. 83 ± 10 min in CT group, mean ± SD), due to prolonged warm ischemia time (60 ± 12 min in the ST group vs. 21 ± 5 min in the CT group, mean ± SD), reflecting the time required to complete the vein ST procedure. The prolonged warm ischemia time resulted in significantly higher vascular inflammation in syngeneic grafts (2.3 ± 1.2 ST group vs. 0 in the CT group, mean ± SD) and in increased severity of ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute graft rejection (3.6 ± 0.4 in the ST group vs. 2.6 ± 0.4 in the CT group, mean ± SD) in allogeneic lung transplants. Conclusions: The vein ST technique is a more time-consuming procedure than the CT method and the prolonged anastomosis time has a deleterious impact on transplant outcomes. These findings suggest that warm ischemia time – one of the modifiable transplant factors – should be considered a major risk factor in lung transplantation, particularly in the setting of donation after cardiac death.

scholarly journals A Novel Experimental Porcine Model to Assess the Impact of Differential Pulmonary Blood Flow on Primary Graft Dysfunction After Unilateral Lung Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elisabeth Frick ◽  
Michaela Orlitová ◽  
Arno Vanstapel ◽  
Sofie Ordies ◽  
Sandra Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Primary Graft Dysfunction ◽  
Graft Dysfunction ◽  
Pulmonary Flow ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Lung Transplants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a major obstacle after lung transplantation. We developed a novel approach to selectively assess reperfusion injury in transplanted lung and investigated the impact of pulmonary flow.Materials Twelve porcine left lung transplants were divided in two groups (n = 6, in low (LF) and high flow (HF) group). Donor lungs were stored for 24 hours on ice, followed by left lung transplantation. Recipient animals were observed for 6h after reperfusion with partially clamping of right PA in HF group. Results Survival at 6 hours was 100% in both groups. PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio of the transplanted lung was lower (229.1 mmHg vs 308.9 mmHg, p=0.01), mPAP was higher (34.62 mmHg vs 29.88 p=0.01) in HF versus LF group. Wet-to-dry (W/D) ratios of right native and left transplanted lung were not different after 6 h of reperfusion. Conclusions Lung transplantation in large animal settings is feasible. P/F ratio in allograft is dependent on PA flow. Our innovative approach to control blood flow to transplanted lung demonstrates that higher flows induce more PGD and allows to further study development and treatment of PGD. Our findings might have an important impact on sequential intra-operative approach during lung transplantation.

Polarity Determination in Sphalerite and Wurtzite Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Polar Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarity Determination ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The determination of the absolute polarity of a polar material is often crucial to the understanding of the defects which occur in such materials. Several methods exist by which this determination may be performed. In bulk, single-domain specimens, macroscopic techniques may be used, such as the different etching behavior, using the appropriate etchant, of surfaces with opposite polarity. X-ray measurements under conditions where Friedel’s law (which means that the intensity of reflections from planes of opposite polarity are indistinguishable) breaks down can also be used to determine the absolute polarity of bulk, single-domain specimens. On the microscopic scale, and particularly where antiphase boundaries (APBs), which separate regions of opposite polarity exist, electron microscopic techniques must be employed. Two techniques are commonly practised; the first [1], involves the dynamical interaction of hoLz lines which interfere constructively or destructively with the zero order reflection, depending on the crystal polarity. The crystal polarity can therefore be directly deduced from the relative intensity of these interactions.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

Thrombus formation on artificial surfaces: Correlative microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-841
Author(s):  
Quintin J. Lai ◽  
Stuart L. Cooper ◽  
Ralph M. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Adhesion Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Thrombus formation and embolization are significant problems for blood-contacting biomedical devices. Two major components of thrombi are blood platelets and the plasma protein, fibrinogen. Previous studies have examined interactions of platelets with polymer surfaces, fibrinogen with platelets, and platelets in suspension with spreading platelets attached to surfaces. Correlative microscopic techniques permit light microscopic observations of labeled living platelets, under static or flow conditions, followed by the observation of identical platelets by electron microscopy. Videoenhanced, differential interference contrast (DIC) light microscopy permits high-resolution, real-time imaging of live platelets and their interactions with surfaces. Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) provides information on the focal adhesion of platelets on surfaces. High voltage, transmission electron microscopy (HVEM) allows observation of platelet cytoskeletal structure of whole mount preparations. Low-voltage, high resolution, scanning electron microscopy allows observation of fine surface detail of platelets. Colloidal gold-labeled fibrinogen, used to identify the Gp Ilb/IIIa membrane receptor for fibrinogen, can be detected in all the above microscopies.

Ultrastructural Immunocytochemistry of Five Rat Pituitary Adenomas

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Conventional light and electron microscopic techniques failed to clarify the cellular composition and derivation of spontaneous and induced, intrasellar and transplanted pituitary adenomas in rats (1). In the present work, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was applied to evaluate five adenohypo-physial tumors using a technique described by Moriarty and Garner (2). Spontaneously occurring pituitary adenomas (group 1) were harvested from aging female Long-Evans rats. R-Amsterdam rats were treated with 2 x 1.0 mg estrone acetate (HogivaI) s.c. weekly for 6 months. Pituitary adenomas in excess of 30 mg were removed from these animals to make up the tumors of group 2. Groups 3 and 4 consisted of estrogen-induced autonomous transplan¬ted pituitary tumors MtT.WlO and MtT.F4. Group 5 was a radiation-induced transplanted autonomous pituitary tumor MtT.W5. The tumors of groups 3,4 and 5 were allowed to proliferate in host rats 6-8 weeks prior to removal for processing. Tissue was processed for transmission electron microscopy (glutaraldehyde fixation, OsO4 postfixation and epoxy resin embedding), and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (3% paraformaldehyde fixation and Araldite embedding).

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

Triploidy in a Live-Born Extremely Low Birth Weight Twin: Clinical Aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya Vakrilova ◽  
Stanislava Hitrova-Nikolova ◽  
Irena Bradinova
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Second Twin

AbstractTriploidy is a rare chromosomal aberration characterized by a karyotype with 69 chromosomes. Triploid fetuses usually are miscarried in early pregnancy. We present a case of a triploid twin and a genetically unaffected co-twin, conceived through in vitro fertilization. A discordant growth was registered at 20 weeks of gestation. Cesarean section was performed at 355/7 gestational week. The second twin was extremely growth restricted female (780 g) with oligohydramnios and severe respiratory distress, and died at 20 hours of age. The autopsy revealed unilobar left lung, bilobar right lung, and cysts of the terminal bronchioles. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction detected triploidy compatible pattern. So, early intrauterine growth restriction may be a sign of triploidy, which must be proven by pre or postnatal genetic testing.

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