Effect of sex on perception of rectosigmoid stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R277-R284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chang ◽  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
Jennifer S. Labus ◽  
Max Schmulson ◽  
Oh Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, the relationship between sex and sensitivity to visceral stimuli is incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of sex on perceptual responses to visceral stimulation in IBS. Fifty-eight IBS patients (mean age 42 ± 1 yr; 34 men, 24 women) and 26 healthy controls (mean age 38 ± 3 yr; 9 men, 17 women) underwent barostat-assisted distensions of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Rectal discomfort thresholds were measured using a randomized, phasic distension paradigm before and after repeated noxious sigmoid stimulation (SIG, 60-mmHg pulses). Sex had a significant effect on rectal discomfort thresholds. Women with IBS were the most sensitive (lower thresholds [27 ± 2.7 mmHg] and higher ratings), with significantly lower rectal discomfort thresholds compared with men with IBS (38 ± 2.3 mmHg) and healthy women who were the least sensitive (41.9 ± 3.2 mmHg; both P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in rectal discomfort thresholds between healthy men (34 ± 4.3 mmHg) and men with IBS. Across both IBS and control groups, women demonstrated a significant lowering of discomfort thresholds after noxious sigmoid stimulation ( P < 0.01), while men did not. Sex significantly influences perceptual sensitivity to rectosigmoid distension. Women show greater perceptual responses to this paradigm.

The Relationship Between Serum Orexin A, TGF-β, and Leptin Levels with Body Mass Index in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Moharami ◽  
Alireza Nourazarian ◽  
Masoud Nikanfar ◽  
Delara Laghousi ◽  
behrouz shademan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Backgrounds: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease linked to several inflammatory and dietary parameters. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between serum leptin, orexin-A, and TGF-β levels with BMI in MS patients.Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study, 25 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. The serum level of Leptin, Orexin-A, and TGF- were measured by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square test, and Linear regression test. A total of 65 volunteers, including 25 MS patients and 40 healthy, were enrolled in the study. The mean age of individuals in the case and control groups was 38.04 ± 7.53 and 40.23 ± 5.88. There were no statistically significant differences between the case and control groups regarding gender, age, alcohol, and cigarette use (P>0.05). The mean serum levels of Orexin-A and TGF-ß were lower among multiple sclerosis patients than in healthy controls, but leptin was higher (42.8 vs. 18.9 ng/ml, P<0.001). The relationship between BMI and serum levels of Orexin-A, TGF-ß, and Leptin among Multiple Sclerosis patients was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that the serum levels of Orexin-A and TGF-β were significantly lower. The serum level of leptin was higher among multiple sclerosis patients than among healthy controls. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and serum levels of Orexin-A, TGF-ß, and Leptin among multiple sclerosis patients.

scholarly journals Sigmoid colon mucosal gene expression supports alterations of neuronal signaling in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. G140-G157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Videlock ◽  
Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi ◽  
Jill M. Hoffman ◽  
Dimitrios Iliopoulos ◽  
Charalabos Pothoulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuronal Signaling ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Peripheral factors likely play a role in at least a subset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Few studies have investigated mucosal gene expression using an unbiased approach. Here, we performed mucosal gene profiling in a sex-balanced sample to identify relevant signaling pathways and gene networks and compare with publicly available profiling data from additional cohorts. Twenty Rome III+ IBS patients [10 IBS with constipation (IBS-C), 10 IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), 5 men/women each), and 10 age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs)] underwent sigmoidoscopy with biopsy for gene microarray analysis, including differential expression, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis, and comparison with publicly available data. Expression levels of 67 genes were validated in an expanded cohort, including the above samples and 18 additional participants (6 each of IBS-C, IBS-D, HCs) using NanoString nCounter technology. There were 1,270 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) in IBS-C vs. HCs but none in IBS or IBS-D vs. HCs. WGNCA analysis identified activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Nine of 67 genes were validated by the NanoString nCounter technology (FDR < 0.05) in the expanded sample. Comparison with publicly available microarray data from the Mayo Clinic and University of Nottingham supports the reproducibility of 17 genes from the microarray analysis and three of nine genes validated by nCounter in IBS-C vs. HCs. This study supports the involvement of peripheral mechanisms in IBS-C, particularly pathways mediating neuronal signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Peripheral factors play a role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which, to date, has been mostly evident in IBS with diarrhea. Here, we show that sigmoid colon mucosal gene expression profiles differentiate IBS with constipation from healthy controls. These profiling data and analysis of additional cohorts also support the concept that peripheral neuronal pathways contribute to IBS pathophysiology.

scholarly journals CHRONIC DIARRHEA IN SOLDIERS; FACTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Farrukh Saeed ◽  
Zafar Qureshi ◽  
Saad Ali Khan ◽  
Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control

Objective: To find out the underlying causes of chronic diarrhea in soldiers and how it differs from general population. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan and Pak Emeritus Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi, from Dec 2017 to Jan 2020. Methodology: All soldiers in active service, having diarrhea more than 4 weeks in study and non-soldiers of the same age were included in the control group. There were inquired in details about the diarrhea symptoms and investigations carried out accordingly to find out the underlying cause. The two groups were compared to find out any differences. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Seventy one in study and 50 patients in control had their mean ages of 34.61 ± 8.35 and 32.42 ± 10.28 years. Mean duration of symptoms were 18 and 15 months in study and control groups respectively. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was more common in both groups i.e. 14 (20%) and 20 (40%) in study and control groups respectively but frequency was more in second one. Seropositive celiac disease 13 (18.5%), seronegative villous atrophy 10 (14%) in study and Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD 6 (12%) in control group were second most common conditions. Conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome is common in this age group. Celiac and seronegative villous atrophy is second common conditions in the study group.

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

The relationship between disaccharidase deficiencies and irritable bowel syndrome in childre - A literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora V. Puertolas ◽  
Dianne N. Pagan ◽  
Roberto R. Andino ◽  
Amanda C. Fifi
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Intestinal barrier dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482199358
Author(s):  
Nikita Hanning ◽  
Adam L. Edwinson ◽  
Hannah Ceuleers ◽  
Stephanie A. Peters ◽  
Joris G. De Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. Sensory, motor and barrier dysfunctions are the key physiological endophenotypes of IBS. Our aim is to review studies evaluating barrier dysfunction in adults and children with IBS, as well as to link those changes with IBS symptomatology and quality of life. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic review of multiple databases was performed up to March 2020 to identify studies comparing intestinal permeability in IBS patients with healthy controls. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were considered. Results: We identified 66 studies, of which 27 used intestinal probes to quantify barrier function. The prevalence of barrier dysfunction differed between PI-IBS (17–50%), IBS-D (37–62%) and IBS-C (4–25%). At a group level, permeability was increased compared with healthy controls in IBS-D (9/13 studies) and PI-IBS (4/4 studies), but only a minority of IBS-C (2/7 studies) and not in the only IBS-M study. All four studies in children with IBS demonstrated loss of barrier function. A heterogeneous set of tight junction genes were found to be altered in small and large intestines of adults with IBS, but these have not been evaluated in children. Positive associations were identified between barrier dysfunction and bowel disturbances (6/9 studies), abdominal pain (9/13 studies), overall symptom severity (1/6 studies), depression and anxiety (1/1 study) and quality of life (1/4 studies). Fecal slurry or supernatants of IBS patients were found to induce barrier disruption in animal models (5/6 studies). Conclusions: Barrier dysfunction is present in a significant proportion of adult and all pediatric IBS studies, especially in the IBS-D and PI-IBS subtype. The majority of studies indicated a positive association between loss of barrier function and symptoms such as abdominal pain and changes in the bowel function.

scholarly journals Glutamate connectivity associations converge upon the salience network in schizophrenia and healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. McCutcheon ◽  
Toby Pillinger ◽  
Maria Rogdaki ◽  
Juan Bustillo ◽  
Oliver D. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlterations in cortical inter-areal functional connectivity, and aberrant glutamatergic signalling are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia but the relationship between the two is unclear. We used multimodal imaging to identify areas of convergence between the two systems. Two separate cohorts were examined, comprising 195 participants in total. All participants received resting state functional MRI to characterise functional brain networks and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure glutamate concentrations in the frontal cortex. Study A investigated the relationship between frontal cortex glutamate concentrations and network connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Study B also used 1H-MRS, and scanned individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls before and after a challenge with the glutamatergic modulator riluzole, to investigate the relationship between changes in glutamate concentrations and changes in network connectivity. In both studies the network based statistic was used to probe associations between glutamate and connectivity, and glutamate associated networks were then characterised in terms of their overlap with canonical functional networks. Study A involved 76 individuals with schizophrenia and 82 controls, and identified a functional network negatively associated with glutamate concentrations that was concentrated within the salience network (p < 0.05) and did not differ significantly between patients and controls (p > 0.85). Study B involved 19 individuals with schizophrenia and 17 controls and found that increases in glutamate concentrations induced by riluzole were linked to increases in connectivity localised to the salience network (p < 0.05), and the relationship did not differ between patients and controls (p > 0.4). Frontal cortex glutamate concentrations are associated with inter-areal functional connectivity of a network that localises to the salience network. Changes in network connectivity in response to glutamate modulation show an opposite effect compared to the relationship observed at baseline, which may complicate pharmacological attempts to simultaneously correct glutamatergic and connectivity aberrations.

scholarly journals DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7486
Author(s):  
Mirosław Śnit ◽  
Maciej Misiołek ◽  
Wojciech Ścierski ◽  
Anna Koniewska ◽  
Grażyna Stryjewska-Makuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AIM, DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 are the cell glycoprotein, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This study was designed to assess the association between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 SNPs and laryngeal cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study including 267 patients with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 157 controls. The relationship between genetic variations DIAPH2 (rs6620138), PTPRD (rs3765142) and HIC1 (rs9901806) and the onset of laryngeal cancer were investigated. Statistical analysis to calculate the relationship between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 genes polymorphism and pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: The results showed that rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism could increase the onset risk of laryngeal cancer. Statistically significant differences in allele distribution of rs6620138 DIAPH2 and rs9901806 HIC1 in the case and control groups subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This study results suggested that genetic variation of rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism is related to the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer. Our results provide a basis to begin basic research on the role of DIAPH2 gene in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.

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