Histomorphometric analysis of rat skeleton following spaceflight

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R252-R255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wronski ◽  
E. R. Morey-Holton ◽  
S. B. Doty ◽  
A. C. Maese ◽  
C. C. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in orbit for 7 days aboard the space shuttle. Bone histomorphometry was performed in the long bones and lumbar vertebrae of flight rats and compared with data derived from ground-based control rats. Trabecular bone mass was not altered during the 1st wk of weightlessness. Strong trends were observed in flight rats for decreased periosteal bone formation in the tibial diaphysis, reduced osteoblast size in the proximal tibia, and decreased osteoblast surface and number in the lumbar vertebra. For the most part, histological indexes of bone resorption were normal in flight rats. The results indicate that 7 days of weightlessness are not of sufficient duration to induce histologically detectable loss of trabecular bone in rats. However, cortical and trabecular bone formation appear to be diminished during the 1st wk of spaceflight.

Skeletal site-specific effects of endurance running on structure and strength of tibia, lumbar vertebrae, and mandible in male Sprague–Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten N. Bott ◽  
Sandra M. Sacco ◽  
Patrick C. Turnbull ◽  
Amanda B. Longo ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone strength are affected positively by impact activities such as running; however, there are discrepancies in the magnitude of these effects. These inconsistencies are mainly a result of varying training protocols, analysis techniques, and whether or not the skeletal sites measured are weight bearing. This study’s purpose was to determine the effects of endurance running on sites that experience different weight bearing and load. Eight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a group with a progressive treadmill running protocol (25 m/min for 1 h, incline of 10%) or a nontrained control group for 8 weeks. The trabecular structure of the tibia, lumbar vertebra (L3), and mandible and the cortical structure at the tibia midpoint were measured using microcomputed tomography to quantify bone volume fraction (i.e., bone volume divided by total volume (BV/TV)), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and cortical thickness. BMD at the proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae (L1–L3), and mandible was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The tibia midpoint strength was measured by 3-point bending using a materials testing system. Endurance running resulted in superior bone structure at the proximal tibia (12% greater BV/TV (p = 0.03), 14% greater Tb.N (p = 0.01), and 19% lower Tb.Sp (p = 0.05)) but not at other sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, mandible bone structure was altered after endurance training (8% lower BV/TV (p < 0.01) and 15% lower Tb.Th (p < 0.01)), which may be explained by a lower food intake, resulting in less mechanical loading from chewing. These results highlight the site-specific effects of loading on the skeleton.

Lack of effect of spaceflight on bone mass and bone formation in group-housed rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wronski ◽  
M. Li ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
S. C. Miller ◽  
B. M. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Space Shuttle Columbia

As part of an experiment to study the role of corticosteroids in bone changes during spaceflight, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 wk old, 165 g body weight) were placed in orbit for 17 days, in groups of six, in animal-enclosure modules (AEMs) aboard the space shuttle Columbia (STS-78). Control rats were group housed in a similar manner in ground-based AEMs or standard vivarium cages. Adrenal hypertrophy occurred in flight rats, but bone histomorphometric analyses revealed a lack of significant changes in bone mass and bone formation in these animals. Cancellous bone volume and osteoblast surface in the proximal tibial metaphysis were nearly the same in flight and ground-based rats. Normal levels of cancellous bone mass and bone formation were also detected in the lumbar vertebrae and femoral necks of flight rats. In the tibial diaphysis, periosteal bone formation rate was found to be identical in flight and ground-based rats. The results indicate that, under conditions of group housing in AEMs, spaceflight has minimal effects on bone mass and bone formation in rapidly growing rats. These findings emphasize the need to investigate the importance of rat age, strain, and especially housing conditions for studies of the skeletal effects of spaceflight.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin E on Bone Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela G. Feresin ◽  
Sarah A. Johnson ◽  
Marcus L. Elam ◽  
Jeong-Su Kim ◽  
Dania A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose

The present study examined the dose-dependent effect of vitamin E in reversing bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were either Sham-operated (Sham) or Ovx and fed control diet for 120 days to lose bone. Subsequently, rats were divided into 5 groups (n=12/group): Sham, Ovx-control, low dose (Ovx + 300 mg/kg diet; LD), medium dose (Ovx + 525 mg/kg diet; MD), and high dose (Ovx + 750 mg/kg diet; HD) of vitamin E and sacrificed after 100 days. Animals receiving MD and HD of vitamin E had increased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to the Ovx-control group. Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated a decrease in bone resorption as well as increased bone formation and mineralization in the Ovx groups supplemented with MD and HD of vitamin E. Microcomputed tomography findings indicated no effects of vitamin E on trabecular bone of fifth lumbar vertebrae. Animals receiving HD of vitamin E had enhanced fourth lumbar vertebra quality as evidenced by improved ultimate and yield load and stress when compared to Ovx-control group. These findings demonstrate that vitamin E improves bone quality, attenuates bone resorption, and enhances the rate of bone formation while being unable to restore bone density and trabecular bone structure.

scholarly journals Disruption of the p53 Gene Results in Preserved Trabecular Bone Mass and Bone Formation After Mechanical Unloading

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Sakata ◽  
Shinya Tanaka ◽  
Ryuji Okazaki ◽  
Naoki Kunugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Mechanical Unloading ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

Regulation of bone repletion in rats subjected to varying low-calcium stress

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. R190-R196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Drivdahl ◽  
C. C. Liu ◽  
D. J. Baylink
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Calcium Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Very High

Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to varying degrees of low-Ca dietary stress (depletion) showed graded increases in the rate of endosteal bone formation when normal dietary Ca was restored (repletion). There was a strong positive correlation between the rate of bone resorption in depletion and the rate of bone formation attained after 1 wk of repletion. However, bone formation declined rapidly within the first 4 wk of repletion, despite the persistence of a substantial endosteal bone volume deficit. Furthermore the medullary area (indicative of bone volume) did not by itself determine the bone formation rate. Bone volume in test groups was restored to control levels after 6 mo of repletion, and this result could be predicted by a kinetic analysis. Thus, although very high rates of formation in early repletion decline rapidly, smaller increments relative to controls must be sustained for long periods. Our data indicate that increased formation rats at all stages of repletion are a consequence of elevations in both osteoblast number and osteoblast activity.

scholarly journals Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 3 Gene Expression in Chondrocytes Is Not Essential for Bone Development in Mice

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Weirong Xing ◽  
Sheila Pourteymoor ◽  
Gustavo A. Gomez ◽  
Yian Chen ◽  
Subburaman Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

We previously showed that conditional disruption of the Phd2 gene in chondrocytes led to a massive increase in long bone trabecular bone mass. Loss of Phd2 gene expression or inhibition of PHD2 activity by a specific inhibitor resulted in a several-fold compensatory increase in Phd3 expression in chondrocytes. To determine if expression of PHD3 plays a role in endochondral bone formation, we conditionally disrupted the Phd3 gene in chondrocytes by crossing Phd3 floxed (Phd3flox/flox) mice with Col2α1-Cre mice. Loss of Phd3 expression in the chondrocytes of Cre+; Phd3flox/flox conditional knockout (cKO) mice was confirmed by real time PCR. At 16 weeks of age, neither body weight nor body length was significantly different in the Phd3 cKO mice compared to Cre−; Phd3flox/flox wild-type (WT) mice. Areal BMD measurements of total body as well as femur, tibia, and lumbar skeletal sites were not significantly different between the cKO and WT mice at 16 weeks of age. Micro-CT measurements revealed significant gender differences in the trabecular bone volume adjusted for tissue volume at the secondary spongiosa of the femur and the tibia for both genotypes, but no genotype difference was found for any of the trabecular bone measurements of either the femur or the tibia. Trabecular bone volume of distal femur epiphysis was not different between cKO and WT mice. Histology analyses revealed Phd3 cKO mice exhibited a comparable chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation, as evidenced by no changes in cartilage thickness and area in the cKO mice as compared to WT littermates. Consistent with the in vivo data, lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of Phd3 expression in chondrocytes did not affect the expression of markers of chondrocyte differentiation (Col2, Col10, Acan, Sox9). Our study found that Phd2 but not Phd3 expressed in chondrocytes regulates endochondral bone formation, and the compensatory increase in Phd3 expression in the chondrocytes of Phd2 cKO mice is not the cause for increased trabecular bone mass in Phd2 cKO mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Bone Remodeling during Experimental Tooth Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sila Mermut ◽  
Ali Osman Bengi ◽  
Erol Akin ◽  
Mehmet Kürkçü ◽  
Şeniz Karaçay
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly categorized into five groups. IFN-γ was administered in three different doses (0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 μg/20 μL) and the remaining two groups served as control. Mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups. The results were evaluated histomorphometrically, and parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were observed at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars. Results: Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the antiosteoclastic activity of IFN-γ. Conclusion: IFN-γ administration may be useful clinically for anchorage control.

Quercetin prevents experimental glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a comparative study with alendronate

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Derakhshanian ◽  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Abolghassem Djazayery ◽  
Keramat Nourijelyani ◽  
Sajad Ghadbeigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Bone Formation Marker ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, with alendronate in the prevention of GIO. Fifty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly distributed among 7 groups (8 rats per group) and treated for 6 weeks with one of the following: (i) normal saline; (ii) 40 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP)/kg body mass; (iii) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg; (iv) MP + 50 mg quercetin/kg; (v) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg + 50 mg quercetin/kg; (vi) MP + 150 mg quercetin/kg; and (vii) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg + 150 mg quercetin/kg. MP and alendronate were injected subcutaneously and quercetin was administered by oral gavage 3 days a week. At the end of the study, femur breaking strength was significantly decreased as a consequence of MP injection. This decrease was completely compensated for in groups receiving 50 mg quercetin/kg plus alendronate, and 150 mg quercetin/kg with or without alendronate. Quercetin noticeably elevated osteocalcin as a bone formation marker, while alendronate did not show such an effect. In addition, administration of 150 mg quercetin/kg increased femoral trabecular and cortical thickness by 36% and 22%, respectively, compared with the MP-treated group. These data suggest that 150 mg quercetin/kg, alone or in combination with alendronate, can completely prevent GIO through its bone formation stimulatory effect.

Trabecular bone remodeling after seven days of weightlessness exposure (BIOCOSMOS 1667)

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R243-R247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vico ◽  
D. Chappard ◽  
S. Palle ◽  
A. V. Bakulin ◽  
V. E. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Femoral Metaphysis ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

Seven male rats were exposed to 7 days of weightlessness in the Soviet mission COSMOS 1667 and compared with seven control rats by bone histomorphometric methods. In proximal tibial metaphysis, the trabecular bone volume was markedly reduced in flight animals. Trabeculae were decreased in number and thickness; this probably leads to alteration of bone mechanical properties. Formation activity (reflected by measurements of osteoid seams) was decreased at trabecular and endosteal levels. Resorption activity (estimated by count of osteoclast number and active resorption surfaces using a histoenzymologic method) remained unchanged. The imbalance between these cellular activities appears to be responsible for the loss of trabecular bone mass. In proximal femoral metaphysis, measurements were performed in an area located under the muscular insertions. The trabecular bone volume, despite a slight decrease in flight rats, was not significantly different from that of control rats. Furthermore, osteoclastic and osteoid parameters were unchanged. Differential responses between these two long bones need additional investigations. In thoracic and lumbar vertebrae no detectable change in bone mass and bone resorption parameters was found.

Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. R310-R314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Jee ◽  
T. J. Wronski ◽  
E. R. Morey ◽  
D. B. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Orbital Flight ◽  
Growth Cartilage ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

Alterations in trabecular bone were observed in growing male Wistar rats after 18.5 days of orbital flight on the COSMOS 1129 biosatellite. Spaceflight induced a decreased mass of mineralized tissue and an increased fat content of the bone marrow in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses. The osteoblast population appeared to decline immediately adjacent to the growth cartilage-metaphyseal junction, but osteoclast numbers were unchanged. These results suggested that bone formation may have been inhibited during spaceflight, but resorption remained constant. With the exception of trabecular bone mass in the proximal tibia, the observed skeletal changes returned to normal during a 29-day postflight period.

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