Ontogeny of vasoconstrictor neurohypophysial hormone function in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R263-R268 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Kullama ◽  
V. Balaraman ◽  
J. R. Claybaugh ◽  
W. M. Ichimura ◽  
K. T. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Age Related

This in vitro study examined the ontogeny of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) compared with norepinephrine (NE)-mediated contraction in rat thoracic aortas. Aortas from three age groups (2-3 days, 6-7 days, and 12 wk) of Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Ring segment resting length was adjusted to optimize tension developed to a dose that produces half-maximal tension of NE in Krebs solution (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) and gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. Cumulative dose-response curves were generated for KCl (5-100 mM), NE (10(-10)-10(-5) M), AVP, and AVT (both 10(-10)-10(-6) M) in the presence and absence of a selective V1 vasopressinergic inhibitor, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin ([d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]AVP). A progressive increase in sensitivity among all age groups was found for KCl and NE. There was a slight decrease in sensitivity to both AVP and AVT in the 1st wk. Maximum contractile response to NE increased between 2-3 and 6-7 days, whereas no change was observed for KCl, AVP, or AVT. AVP- and AVT-mediated contractions were selectively inhibited by [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]-AVP. These results suggest 1) receptor-mediated contractility is present from 2 days of age for NE, AVP, and AVT; 2) sensitivity to KCl and NE increases progressively during postnatal development, whereas sensitivity to AVP and AVT slightly decreases in the 1st wk with no progressive age-related increase by 12 wk; 3) AVP and AVT mediate contraction via a similar V1-like receptor.

scholarly journals Combination of Neuroprotective and Regenerative Agents for AGE-Induced Retinal Degeneration: In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzel Bikbova ◽  
Toshiyuki Oshitari ◽  
Takayuki Baba ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Explants

To determine the most effective combination of neuroprotective and regenerative agents for cultured retinal neurons from advanced glycation end products- (AGEs-) induced degeneration, retinal explants of 7 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were three-dimensionally cultured in collagen gel and incubated in serum-free media and in 7 media; namely, AGEs, AGEs + 100 μM citicoline, AGEs + 10 ng/mL NT-4, AGEs + 100 μM TUDCA, AGEs + 100 μM citicoline + TUDCA (doublet), and AGEs + 100 μM citicoline + TUDCA + 10 ng/mL NT-4 (triplet) were examined. The number of regenerating neurites was counted after 7 days of culture, followed by performing TUNEL and DAPI staining. The ratio of TUNEL-positive cells to the number of DAPI-stained nuclei was calculated. Immunohistochemical examinations for the active form of caspase-9 and JNK were performed. All of the neuroprotectants increased the number of neurites and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. However, the number of neurites was significantly higher, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-9- and JNK-immunopositive cells was fewer in the retinas incubated with the combined three agents. Combination solutions containing citicoline, TUDCA, and NT-4 should be considered for neuroprotective and regenerative therapy for AGE-related retinal degeneration.

Influence of age and sex on the concentrations of thyroid hormone in serum in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Segal ◽  
B. R. Troen ◽  
S. H. Ingbar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Age And Sex

Studies of the influence of age and sex on the concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) in serum and on the free T4 and free T3 indices, were conducted in Sprague–Dawley rats of the CD strain varying in age between 10 days and 12 months. Both sex- and age-related differences were found. In all age-groups studied, serum T4 concentrations were higher in the male than in the female, whereas serum T3 concentrations were higher in the female. In both sexes, concentrations of T4 and T3 in serum reached a peak early in life, between the first and second month of age, and declined thereafter. In addition, in both sexes the intensity of thyroid hormone binding, as judged from values of the in-vitro uptake of T3, did not change with age, suggesting that free T4 and T3 concentrations in the serum display the same sex differences and age-related changes as do the concentrations of total T4 and T3. It remains to be determined whether these sex-and age-related alterations in serum thyroid hormone concentration are expressed in differences in the activity of various thyroid hormone-dependent processes.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Nucleus Pulposus Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Zhao ◽  
Zhiwei Jia ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Yaohong Wu ◽  
Longgang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Age Related Changes

The functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear to decline with age due to cellular senescence, which could reduce the efficacy of MSCs-based therapies. Recently, MSCs have been identified in the nucleus pulposus, which offers great potential for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair. However, this potential might be affected by the senescence of nucleus pulposus MSCs (NPMSCs), but whether or not this exists remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in NPMSCs. NPMSCs isolated from young (3-month-old) and old (14-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro. Differences in morphology, proliferation, colony formation, multilineage differentiation, cell cycle, and expression ofβ-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and senescent markers (p53, p21, and p16) were compared between groups. Both young and old NPMSCs fulfilled the criteria for definition as MSCs. Moreover, young NPMSCs presented better proliferation, colony-forming, and multilineage differentiation capacities than old NPMSCs. Old NPMSCs displayed senescent features, including significantly increased G0/G1 phase arrest, increased SA-β-gal expression, decreased S phase entry, and significant p53-p21-pRB pathway activation. Therefore, this is the first study demonstrating that senescent NPMSCs accumulate in IVD with age. The efficacy of NPMSCs is compromised by donor age, which should be taken into consideration prior to clinical application.

scholarly journals Age-related Changes of Microbiota in Midlife Associated with Reduced Saccharolytic Potential: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Zhu ◽  
Junkui Chen ◽  
Xionge Pi ◽  
Jinjun Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota diversity and abundance are critical in maintaining human health, and subject to significantly reduce in seniors. Gut microbiota are reported to be stable across the long adulthood in general, but lack of careful examination, especially for the midlife people.Results: To characterize the gut microbiota in midlife, we investigated the faecal microbiota between two groups of healthy people, young, 20-39 years old, n=15; and midlife, 40-60 years old, n=15. Metabolic responses of the microbiota were studied through in vitro batch fermentation model. Despite no difference was observed in the diversity indies between the two age groups, a wide range taxonomic changes were found in the faecal microbiota. Furthermore, substantial Bifidobacterium reduction was also found in both faecal and fermented samples. The level of SCFAs in both faecal and starch fermented samples is similar in both groups. However, when fermentation was performed with inulin as the sole carbon source, the acetate concentration and inulin degradation rate decreased while the gas production increased in midlife group, suggesting a deficiency of saccharolytic potential in midlife, especially for non-digestible carbohydrate. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota begin to change as early as in midlife. The reduction in Bifidobacterium dominates the change of the microbiota composition in midlife resulting in attenuated saccharolytic capability of inulin, leading to insufficient acetate production which might be associated with healthy problems in this transition period from young to elderly.

scholarly journals Age-related decline in the taurine content of the skin in rodents

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Yoshimura ◽  
Yuki Inokuchi ◽  
Chikako Mutou ◽  
Takanobu Sakurai ◽  
Tohru Nagahama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractTaurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, occurs at high concentrations in the skin, and plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin. We investigated the effects of aging on the content and localization of taurine in the skin of mice and rats. Taurine was extracted from the skin samples of hairless mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and the taurine content of the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the investigation revealed that the taurine content in both the dermis and epidermis of hairless mice declined significantly with age. Similar age-related decline in the skin taurine content was also observed in rats. In contrast, the taurine content in the sole remained unchanged with age. An immunohistochemical analysis also revealed a decreased skin taurine content in aged animals compared with younger animals, although no significant differences in the localization of taurine were observed between the two age groups. Supplementation of the drinking water of aged mice with 3% (w/v) taurine for 4 weeks increased the taurine content of the epidermis, but not the dermis. The present study showed for the first time that the taurine content of the skin decreased with age in mice and rats, which may be related to the impairment of the skin homeostasis observed with aging. The decreased taurine content of the epidermis in aged animals was able to be rescued by taurine supplementation.

Smooth muscle mechanical responses in vitro to bethanechol after progesterone in male rat.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. E422 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Bruce ◽  
F M Behsudi ◽  
I E Danhof
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dose Levels

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated subcutaneously with either progesterone (3 mg/kg per day) in a vehicle or a vehicle only for 3 days. Antral and gastroduodenal junctional tissues (GJT) were excised from both groups of animals and prepared for in vitro mechanical measurements. Responses from the circular muscle axis of these tissues were recorded with strain gauge transducers over a 30-min period. Chemical stimulation of the tissue was achieved with a muscarinic agonist, bethanechol chloride. Log-dose response curves suggested that untreated antral tissue generated stronger contractile activity than untreated GJT on an equal weight basis at bethanechol dose levels of 6.4 X 10(-6) M to 1 X 10(-4) M (P less than 0.005). Antral tissue and GJT contractile activity from the progesterone pretreated animals was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) compared to the corresponding tissues from untreated animals at bethanechol dose levels of 6.4 X 10(-6) M and 1.28 X 10(-5) M. Progesterone pretreatment appeared to have little effect on the contractile frequency of either tissue. These results suggest possible progesteronic influences on contractile force in gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

Postnatal development of colonic electrolyte transport in rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. G447-G453 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. O'Loughlin ◽  
D. M. Hunt ◽  
D. Kreutzmann
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Group Transport

Postnatal changes in adrenal gluco- and mineralocorticoid secretion and colonic sodium and chloride transport were examined. New Zealand White rabbits, age 10-14, 18-22, and 25-30 days, and adult animals (6-10 wk) were studied. Serum cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and mucosal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities were measured in each age group. Transport studies were performed in vitro under short-circuited conditions in distal colon at all age groups and in proximal colon in days 10-14 and 18-22 and in adult animals. Serum glucocorticoids varied little until after day 30 when they rose to adult levels. On the other hand, serum aldosterone levels were two- to threefold higher in days 10-14 and 18-22 animals but fell to adult levels by day 25. In distal colon, amiloride-inhibitable electrogenic Na+ absorption was present at all ages but was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in days 10-14 (3.8 +/- 0.5 mu eq.cm-2.h-1) and 18-22 (4.2 +/- 0.4) rabbits compared with adults (1.9 +/- 0.4) but not day 25-30 (2.8 +/- 0.5). In proximal colon, Na+ absorption was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in day 10-14 (1.6 +/- 0.5 mu eq.cm-2.h-1) compared with day 18-22 (-0.2 +/- 0.5) and adults (0.06 +/- 0.5) and was amiloride insensitive. Neither chloride transport nor mucosal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase demonstrated significant age-related changes in either region of colon. These results indicate that both proximal and distal colonic Na+ transport undergoes postnatal changes. In distal but not proximal colon these changes appear to be regulated by circulating aldosterone probably by increasing apical membrane permeability to Na+.

scholarly journals Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261061
Author(s):  
Diego Casas-Deza ◽  
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde ◽  
Angel Nicolás Aranda-Alonso ◽  
Enrique Montil-Miguel ◽  
Ana Belen Julián-Gomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Age Related

Background Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. Methods The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. Results We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. Conclusion The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.

Age-related changes in colonic function in rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. G542-G546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. McDougal ◽  
M. S. Miller ◽  
T. F. Burks ◽  
D. L. Kreulen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Histology

Aging in humans is associated with changes in gastrointestinal function. We wanted to determine whether a similar phenomenon occurs in rats and whether rats would be a suitable model to study changes in the gastrointestinal tract with age. Intestinal transit, response in vitro of circular colon strips to bethanechol and electrical stimulation, and colonic smooth muscle histology were compared for post-pubertal (5-12 mo) and senescent (25-28 mo) male Fischer 344 rats. Colonic transit of 51Cr was decreased 45% in senescent rats in comparison with younger rats. The maximum response of circularly oriented muscle strips from senescent rats to electrical stimulation of nerves was 32% less than the maximum response of strips from postpubertal rats. Likewise, the maximum response of the muscle strips to bethanechol was 16% less in the senescent group compared with the postpubertal group. There was no difference between the two groups in the EC50 of bethanechol. The thickness of the muscle layers and the percent circular muscle of strips fixed at optimum length were the same in both age groups. The senescent rat appears to be a useful model for the study of gastrointestinal changes with aging.

Longitudinal force and stress of rat's esophagus: age-related changes.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. E580
Author(s):  
M P Zabinski ◽  
P Biancani
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Active Stress ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Difference

Longitudinal force-length relationship of the rat esophagus was studied in vitro in three age groups: 1 mo, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The length of maximum force development (MFD) occurs at 1.4-1.5 times the in vivo length for all age groups. The active force developed at MFD increases markedly with age. The difference in the active forces in the 3-mo and 12-mo age groups is due to differences in cross section because the active stress of the esophagus in the longitudinal direction is approximately equal for the two age groups. The active stress in the 1-mo-old rats is lower than in the 3-mo-old rats, suggesting an increased contractility of the esophagus with age in this period of development.

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