scholarly journals Age-related decline in the taurine content of the skin in rodents

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Yoshimura ◽  
Yuki Inokuchi ◽  
Chikako Mutou ◽  
Takanobu Sakurai ◽  
Tohru Nagahama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractTaurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, occurs at high concentrations in the skin, and plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin. We investigated the effects of aging on the content and localization of taurine in the skin of mice and rats. Taurine was extracted from the skin samples of hairless mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and the taurine content of the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the investigation revealed that the taurine content in both the dermis and epidermis of hairless mice declined significantly with age. Similar age-related decline in the skin taurine content was also observed in rats. In contrast, the taurine content in the sole remained unchanged with age. An immunohistochemical analysis also revealed a decreased skin taurine content in aged animals compared with younger animals, although no significant differences in the localization of taurine were observed between the two age groups. Supplementation of the drinking water of aged mice with 3% (w/v) taurine for 4 weeks increased the taurine content of the epidermis, but not the dermis. The present study showed for the first time that the taurine content of the skin decreased with age in mice and rats, which may be related to the impairment of the skin homeostasis observed with aging. The decreased taurine content of the epidermis in aged animals was able to be rescued by taurine supplementation.

Influence of age and sex on the concentrations of thyroid hormone in serum in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Segal ◽  
B. R. Troen ◽  
S. H. Ingbar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Age And Sex

Studies of the influence of age and sex on the concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) in serum and on the free T4 and free T3 indices, were conducted in Sprague–Dawley rats of the CD strain varying in age between 10 days and 12 months. Both sex- and age-related differences were found. In all age-groups studied, serum T4 concentrations were higher in the male than in the female, whereas serum T3 concentrations were higher in the female. In both sexes, concentrations of T4 and T3 in serum reached a peak early in life, between the first and second month of age, and declined thereafter. In addition, in both sexes the intensity of thyroid hormone binding, as judged from values of the in-vitro uptake of T3, did not change with age, suggesting that free T4 and T3 concentrations in the serum display the same sex differences and age-related changes as do the concentrations of total T4 and T3. It remains to be determined whether these sex-and age-related alterations in serum thyroid hormone concentration are expressed in differences in the activity of various thyroid hormone-dependent processes.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of TRPC6 Inactivation on Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Fibrosis in Aging Rats

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Stuart E. Dryer
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Transient Receptor

Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients and animal models, as well as in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. Aging also evokes declines in renal function owing to effects on almost every renal compartment in humans and rodents. Here, we have examined the role of TRPC6 in driving inflammation and fibrosis during aging in Sprague-Dawley rats. This was assessed in rats with non-functional TRPC6 channels owing to CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of a portion of the ankyrin repeat domain required for the assembly of functional TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats). Wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats) were used as controls. Animals were evaluated at 2 months and 12 months of age. There was no sign of kidney disease at 2 months of age, regardless of genotype. However, by 12 months of age, all rats examined showed declines in renal function associated with albuminuria, azotemia and increased urine excretion of β2–microglobulin, a marker for proximal tubule pathology. These changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. We also observed age-related increases in renal cortical expression of markers of fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin) and inflammation (NLRP3 and pro-IL−1β), and there was no detectable protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis assessed from histology also appeared equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. By contrast, glomerular pathology, blindly scored from histological sections, suggested a significant protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation, but only within the glomerular compartment.

Age-Related Differences in Throwing Techniques Used by the Catcher in Baseball

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakurai ◽  
Bruce Elliott ◽  
J. Robert Grove
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Release Speed

Three-dimensional (3-D) high speed photography was used to record the overarm throwing actions of five open-age, four 18-year-old, six 16-year- old, and six 14-year-old high-performance baseball catchers. The direct linear transformation method was used for 3-D space reconstruction from 2-D images of the catchers throwing from home plate to second base recorded using two phase-locked cameras operating at a nominal rate of 200 Hz. Selected physical capacity measures were also recorded and correlated with ball release speed. In general, anthropometric and strength measures significantly increased through the 14-year-old to open-age classifications, while a range of correlation coefficients from .50 to .84 was recorded between these physical capacities and ball speed at release. While many aspects of the kinematic data at release were similar, the key factors of release angle and release speed varied for the different age groups.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 rises after hemorrhage in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. E1065-E1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamashita ◽  
D. N. Darlington ◽  
E. J. Weeks ◽  
R. O. Jones ◽  
D. S. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

Large hemorrhage leads to hypercoagulability, a phenomenon that has never been well explained. Because an elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 increases procoagulant activity, we have determined whether plasma PAI activity and tissue PAI-1 mRNA are elevated after hemorrhage. Sprague-Dawley rats were bled (20 or 15 ml/kg) 4 days after cannulation. Plasma PAI activity was determined by the capacity of plasma to inhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator activity. Changes of PAI-1 mRNA in various tissues were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography after reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Hemorrhage (20 ml/kg) significantly elevated plasma PAI activity at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after hemorrhage and PAI-1 mRNA in liver at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after hemorrhage. The PAI-1 message was also significantly elevated in lung, heart, and kidney at 4 h after hemorrhage. The increases of PAI-1 mRNA after 20 ml/kg hemorrhage were significantly greater than those after 15 ml/kg hemorrhage. These findings indicate that large hemorrhage can induce the increases in PAI activity and PAI-1 message and suggest that induction of PAI-1 may be involved in the thrombogenic responses observed after large hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Pain Markers and Epidural Fibrosis Caused by Repeated Spinal Surgery in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Quan ◽  
Jae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Won-Ha Hwang ◽  
Young-Yul KIM
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Repeated Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Epidural fibrosis is one of the aetiologies of pain following spinal revision surgery. However, roles of epidural fibrosis caused by repeated spinal surgery and pain-related proteins in causing the post spinal surgery syndrome remain unknown. In this study, using a rat spinal surgery epidural fibrosis and adhesion model, we evaluate and investigated the relationship between pain marker and epidural fibrosis caused by repeated spinal surgery in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats that underwent repeated spinal surgery were divided into three groups: group A (single laminectomy), group B (two repeated surgeries) and group C (three repeated surgeries). Dural thickness was measured in each experimental group, and immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting of mitogen-activated protein kinases were performed (ERK, p38 and JNK). Results Dural thickness was 6.363 ± 1.911 µm in group A, 13.238 ± 2.123 µm in group B and 19.4 ± 2.115 µm in group C. In western blotting, phosphorylated ERK expression was higher in groups B (1.77 fold) and C (2.42 fold) than in group A. Phosphorylated p38 expression was higher in groups B (1.17 fold) and C (1.33 fold) than in group A. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that phosphorylated ERK and p38 expression gradually increased with the number of repeated surgeries, as evidenced by western blotting. Conclusions Repeated spinal surgery may increase dural thickness and expression of phosphorylated ERK and p38 in the spinal dorsal horn, suggesting that pain increases with repeated surgery.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Dried Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Zhuang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Renhua Miao ◽  
Shoudong Ni ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction:: Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) and dried ginger (Zingiber officinalis) (DG) are often used together in drug preparations in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat respiratory diseases including cold, bronchitis and pneumonia. Previous studies suggested that ARR and/or DG may influence the pharmacokinetics of other herbal components. In the current study, we examined pharmacokinetic interactions between ARR and DG in rats after oral administration. Methods:: We developed a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously measure serum concentrations of two active components each in ARR (L-asarinin and sesamin) and DG (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were starved overnight, then given ARR extract, DO extract, or a co-decoction of ARR and DG by gastric gavage (6 g raw material per kg body weight; n = 6 per group). Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration and at the following times (h) afterward: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 24.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using Student’s t test for independent samples. Results:: A simple, rapid, sensitive analytical method has been developed to detect four bioactive components simultaneously in the ARR-DG herbal pair. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, T1/2 and AUC(0~t) were calculated using the non-compartmental model with the DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. For L-asarinin, Tmax was 2.00 ± 0.00 h in ARR animals and 1.67±0.26 h in ARR-DG animals (P<0.05), T1/2 was 8.58 ± 1.75 h in ARR and 11.93 ± 2.13 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-gingerol, Cmax was 350.48 ± 23.85 ng/mL in DG animals and 300.21 ± 20.02 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.83 ± 0.41 h in DG and 2.17 ± 0.41 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05) and AUC(0~t) was 1.93 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR and 1.70 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-shogaol, Cmax was 390.28 ± 26.02 ng/mL in DG animals and 455.63 ± 31.01 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.93 ± 0.10 h in DG and 1.92 ± 0.10 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), T1/2 was 3.74 ± 0.29 h in DG and 3.28 ± 0.22 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), and AUC(0~t) was 2.15 ± 0.18 mg/mL•h in DG and 2.73 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.01). Conclusions:: Pharmacokinetic interations between ARR and DG decrease Tmax, increase T1/2 but do not affect overall bioavailability of L-asarinin in ARR. The interactions in ARR-DG decrease Cmax and Tmax but increase T1/2 and AUC(0~t) of 6-gingerol in DG. The interactions increase Cmax and AUC(0~t) but decrease Tmax and T1/2 of 6- shogaol in DG. Interactions in ARR-DG do not affect the pharmacokinetics of sesamin.

Long Term Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in the Offspring from Maternal Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Burrage ◽  
Eiman Aboaziza ◽  
Lance Hare ◽  
Sarah Reppert ◽  
Joshua Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Old Adult

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been promoted as harm-free or less-risky than smoking, even for women during pregnancy. These claims are made largely on E-cig aerosol having fewer number of toxic chemicals compared to cigarette smoke. Given that even low levels of smoking are found to produce adverse birth outcomes, we sought to test the hypothesis that vaping during pregnancy (with or without nicotine) would not be harm-free, and would result in vascular dysfunction that would be evident in offspring during adolescent and/or adult life. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to E-cig aerosol (1-hour/day, 5 days/week, starting on gestational day 2 until pups were weaned) using e-liquid with 0 mg/ml (E-cig0) or 18 mg/ml nicotine (E-cig18) and compared to ambient air exposed controls. Body mass at birth and at weaning were not different between groups. Assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity revealed a 51-56% reduction in endothelial-dependent dilation response to acetylcholine (ACh) for both E-cig0 and E-cig18 in 1-month, 3-month (adolescent), and 7-month old (adult) offspring (p<0.05 compared to air, all time points). MCA response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and myogenic tone were not different across groups suggesting that endothelial-independent responses were not altered. The MCA vasoconstrictor response (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was also not different across treatment and age groups. These data demonstrate that maternal vaping during pregnancy is not harm-free and confers significant cerebrovascular health risk/dysfunction to offspring that persists into adult life.

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