Effect of dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei knife cuts on ingestive behavior

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. R1772-R1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry L. Bellinger ◽  
Lee L. Bernardis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Previous findings show that rats with electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) are hypophagic and hypodipsic and have reduced ponderal and linear growth but normal body composition. DMN-lesioned (DMNL) rats also show altered ingestive responses to naloxone. The present study investigated the intrahypothalamic nerve pathways involved in these DMNL effects and the response of the pathways to deprivation challenges by placing knife cuts posterior (Post), lateral (Lat), ventral (Vent), dorsal, or anterior to the DMN or by administering sham operations. One major finding was that rats with Post or Vent were hypophagic ( P < 0.05) and had reduced body weight but responded normally to deprivation challenges. Post and Lat groups were hypodipsic ( P < 0.05), but plasma Na+, K+, and osmolality and 24-h post-water-deprivation drinking responses were similar in all groups. Naloxone did not suppress the intake of Post rats. It appears that the hypophagia and the reduced body weight after DMNL involve fibers entering or leaving the DMN from ventral and posterior directions, and they may be part of an opioid feeding system.

scholarly journals Low Dose Leptin Administration Reverses Effects of Sustained Weight-Reduction on Energy Expenditure and Circulating Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 2391-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rosenbaum ◽  
Ellen M. Murphy ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
Dwight E. Matthews ◽  
Rudolph L. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Reduced State

Maintenance of a reduced body weight is associated with decreased 24-hour energy expenditure, and decreased circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones. To determine whether these adaptive metabolic and endocrine changes are partly leptin-mediated, we measured body composition, aspects of energy expenditure, and circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones in 4 subjects at 3 time points: 1.) Usual body weight; 2.) While stable at 10% reduced body weight; and 3.) During a 5-week period at 10% reduced body weight while receiving twice per day leptin injections that restored 8 AM circulating leptin concentrations to those seen at usual body weight. During maintenance of a 10% reduced body weight, circulating T3, T4, and leptin concentrations were decreased. All of these endocrine changes were reversed by administration of “replacement” doses of leptin (r-metHuLeptin). Indirect calorimetry, and subtle changes in body composition associated with leptin administration, were used to calculate the net change in stored calories and in 24-hour energy expenditure. Total energy expenditure increased in all subjects during r-metHuLeptin administration. These data indicate that decrease leptin concentrations resulting from loss of fat mass account for some aspects of the endocrine/metabolic phenotype associated with the weight-reduced state.

Body composition in vivo. IV. Comparisons of the antipyrine and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces in goats

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
JT Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

The effects of feed and water deprivation on the antipyrine (AP) spaces were studied in five goats. Generally there was no good relationship between loss in body weight, following 24 or 48 hr of feed and water deprivation, and changes in the AP space. The AP spaces were variable and the rates at which AP disappeared from the circulations of our animals also varied. No satisfactory explanation could be given. Estimates of body water made with N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine (NAAP) were always smaller than the simultaneous AP spaces in any animal. Two experiments were made to study these differences in the volumes of distribution of AP and NAAP when both chemicals were injected simultaneously. Both chemicals yielded anomalous spaces in the first experiment when the ruminal contents had been augmented with water, while better results were obtained when the ruminal contents had been augmented with rumen fluid in the second experiment. Intravenously administered AP appeared in the rumen contents of the goats at greater concentration than NAAP which had been given at the same time, and the differences between the two spaces appeared to be due to this. The rates at which both substances disappeared from the circulation of these animals are given, and the relationship between their disappearance from the blood and appearance in the rumen is discussed.

Ingestive behavior of rats with ibotenic acid lesions of the dorsomedial hypothalamus

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (5) ◽  
pp. R938-R946 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bellinger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Food And Water Intake

Rats with electrolytic or kainic acid (KA) lesions of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus area (DMHA-L) are hypophagic, hypodipsic, and have a reduced body weight (BW) compared with controls. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral ibotenic acid (IBO) lesions of the DMHA (3 micrograms in 0.3 microliter) or sham (S) operations. During the next 32 days the IBO DMHA-L rats showed reduced (P less than 0.01) food and water intake, BW, and linear growth (P less than 0.03), although having a normal Lee obesity index. After a 24-h fast both groups became hyperphagic (P less than 0.01) with the DMHA-L group eating the most (P less than 0.01) during the 1st h; lost BW was regained at the same rate. In the absence of food, DMHA-L rats took less (P less than 0.01) water (data normalized) than S rats. During 24 h of water deprivation, both groups ate similar amounts of food (data normalized); following deprivation the groups were hyperdipsic. Both groups increased their food intake when given 300 mg/kg of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which contrasts rats with electrolytic or KA DMHA-L rats. Both groups decreased their food intake when given cholecystokinin (3 micrograms/kg ip), which contrasts rats with electrolytic DMHA-L. The DMHA-L rats were not deficient in plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, or plasma Na+ and K+. Histology revealed many, but not all neurons, were destroyed in the DMN after IBO. The data indicate that IBO, electrolytic, or KA lesions of the DMHA produce similar but not identical physiological changes.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Insulin Resistance and Mediators of Appetite and Energy Homeostasis in Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A825-A825
Author(s):  
Avinash Patil ◽  
Suresh Vaikkakara ◽  
Alok Sachan ◽  
P Varma Buddharaju
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Hyperthyroidism is associated with reduced body weight despite an increase in appetite; due mainly to an increase in energy production. While appetite is regulated by the balance of orexogenic and anorexogenic peripheral signals like Ghrelin and Leptin respectively, energy expenditure is profoundly influenced by thyroxine itself as well as mediators like FGF 21 and Leptin. Hyperthyroidism offers a good model to study the impact of thyroid hormones on the above mediators. Materials & Methods: 35 adult patients with overt hyperthyroidism were evaluated for leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, FGF21 levels & insulin resistance as well as the body composition by DEXA both at baseline and a minimum of two months following normalization of serum thyroxin on carbimazole treatment. Results: Correction of hyperthyroidism was associated with an increase in body weight including both the lean body (p&lt;0.001) and the fat mass (p&lt;0.001), but with no change in percentage of total body fat (p=0.516). Accompanying the weight gain, there was no change in adiponectin (p=0.98), while a paradoxical decrease in insulin resistance was observed (p&lt;0.001). Correction of hyperthyroidism was also associated with a decrease in FGF21 (p&lt;0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.03) and an increase in ghrelin (p=0.05). Conclusion: Thyrotoxic state is associated with high leptin & FGF21 levels - both known to be thermogenic. Despite a lower weight and fat mass, thyrotoxicosis is associated with insulin resistance- possibly a direct effect of thyroxine. Ghrelin levels are low in thyrotoxicosis; which together with raised leptin is an unexpected finding, given the increased appetite observed in this condition.

Adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in response to hypothalamic injections of 2-deoxy-D-glucose

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. R875-R881 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yoshimatsu ◽  
M. Egawa ◽  
G. A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Adrenal sympathetic nerve activity after microinfusion of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) into various hypothalamic nuclei was investigated in anesthetized rats. Infusion of 2-DG into the ventrolateral portion of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) induced a large and long-lasting increase (greater than 60 min) in adrenal nerve activity. In contrast, infusion into the dorsal or medial portion of the LHA tended to produce a small decrease with a return to baseline within approximately 60 min after the end of the infusion. The direct administration of 2-DG into either the paraventricular nucleus or the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus produced a strong inhibition of adrenal nerve activity. Infusions into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus induced either a decrease of adrenal nerve activity or were without effect. These findings provide evidence that induction of glucoprivation in the hypothalamus with 2-DG can excite or inhibit adrenal nerve activity, depending on the hypothalamic region. These data also indicate that the ventrolateral portion of the LHA plays an important role in the regulation of adrenal catecholamine secretion in response to glucoprivic conditions in the central nervous system.

Central infusion of melanocortin agonist MTII in rats: assessment of c-Fos expression and taste aversion

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. R248-R254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Thiele ◽  
Gertjan Van Dijk ◽  
Keith A. Yagaloff ◽  
Stewart L. Fisher ◽  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Taste Aversion Learning ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Ob Protein

Like leptin (OB protein), central infusion of the nonspecific melanocortin agonist MTII reduces food intake for relatively long periods of time (i.e., 12 h; W. Fan, B. A. Boston, R. A. Kesterson, V. J. Hruby, and R. D. Cone, Nature: 385: 165–168, 1997). To test the hypothesis that MTII may influence ingestive behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin, we infused a single dose of MTII into the third ventricle (i3vt) of Long-Evans rats and examined three dependent measures that have been studied following i3vt infusion of leptin: 1) effects on long-term food intake and body weight (48 h), 2) patterns of c-Fos expression in the brain, and 3) conditioned taste aversion learning. Similar to leptin, MTII reduced 48-h food intake (1.0 nmol dose), reduced body weight at 24 and 48 h (0.1 and 1.0 nmol doses, respectively), and induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala. In contrast to leptin, MTII was found to produce conditioned taste aversions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MTII may influence regulatory behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin.

Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Obesity among Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Md Rizwanul Ahsan ◽  
Sabrina Makbul ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Family Based

Background: Now a days unhealthy lifestyle primarily responsible for the dramatic increase obesity among children and adolescents. Objective: The purpose of the study is to see the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention to reduce obese children and adolescents. The main outcome was cardiometabolic risk based on the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) measurement. Secondary outcomes were (1) changes in body composition; (2) adherence to a Mediterranean diet; and (3) physical performance. Methods: The study involved 64 overweight/obese children or adolescents conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital from October 2017 to September 2018. The intervention was multidisciplinary including nutrition, exercise, and psychological aspects based on a family-based approach; it was delivered for six months for children and three months for adolescents. Before and after the intervention, several anthropometric measures height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition, cardiometabolic risk index waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and dietary habits of the participants and their families were evaluated. In addition, a set of functional motor fitness tests was performed to evaluate physical performance measures. Results: After the intervention both children and adolescents showed a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and WHTR index and an improvement of fat-free mass, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness performance. Conclusion: A short term family-based multidisciplinary approach is effective in ameliorating the health status, dietary habits, and physical performance in children and adolescents. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 111-118

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