Disorder of salivary secretion in inbred polydipsic mouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R817-R823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Hamada ◽  
Kiyotoshi Inenaga ◽  
Shuichi Nakamura ◽  
Masamichi Terashita ◽  
Hiroshi Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inbred Strain ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

To find mechanisms of an extreme polydipsia in an inbred strain of mice, STR/N, this study was undertaken using Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice as a control. During food deprivation, daily water intake of both strains decreased. The decrement in the STR/N mice was larger than that in the ICR mice. During dehydration, daily food intake of the STR/N mice was smaller than that of the ICR mice. These data indicate that prandial drinking was more severely affected for the STR/N mice. Under anesthesia, the stimulated salivary secretion by pilocarpine of the STR/N mice was significantly smaller than that of the ICR mice. The submandibular gland of the STR/N mice was lighter and harder than that of the ICR mice. After desalivation from the major three salivary glands, the ICR mice drank as much as the STR/N mice. Young STR/N mice with undeveloped polydipsia did not show different salivary secretion stimulated by pilocarpine from the young ICR mice. These findings indicate a dysfunction with age in the salivary glands of the STR/N mice, and they suggest that the decreased saliva induces thirst and triggers extraordinary drinking in the polydipsic mice.

Regulatory and secondary water intake in rats with lesions of the zona incerta

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Evered ◽  
GJ Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Daily Water

Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the zona incerta (ZI) permanently reduced daily water intake of rats by 20-30%. Lesioned rats did not differ from controls in daily food intake, body weight, hematocrit, or serum osmolality, Na+ or K+ levels. The hypodipsia was not caused by changes in water requirements or excretory function or by a nonspecific depression of behavior. Compensatory reductions in water losses maintained fluid balance. Lesioned rats drank as much water as controls in response to intracellular and extracellular dehydration, but unlike controls, appeared to restrict their daily water intake to these regulatory responses. Lesions of the ZI attenuated the ingestion of extra water observed when rats were maintained on a liquid diet adequate to meet fluid requirements, and daily water intake of lesioned but not control rats closely followed changes in water needs. It was concluded that lesions of the ZI reduce daily water intake towards minimal requirements for fluid balance by attenuating secondary drinking (drinking independent of water needs for fluid homeostasis.

scholarly journals TOXIC EFFECTS OF LARGE DOSE OF QUASSIN IN NORMAL AND DEPRIVED MICROFLORA RAT GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Duraid A.Abbas ◽  
O.M.S. Al—Shaha,
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Control Food Intake ◽  
Intake Water

Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups. The first group was closed orally with quassin, the second group was dosed with quassin after the gut flora were suppressed by difierent antibiotics, and the third group was served as a control. Food intake, water intake, and change in body weight were measured daily before dosing, during two weeks of dosing, and during one week after stopping dosing. Two eats from each group were killed at the end of each week, and stomach, liver, and kidney were collected for histopathologic examination. The results show a significant decline in daily food intake and daily change in body weight, and a significant increase in daily water intake in both dosed groups during the dosing period. Microscopic lesions were seen in the kidneys of both dosed rats group killed at the end of first and second week

Limits to sustained energy intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
S. C. Thomson ◽  
J. R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

SUMMARYTo determine whether mice were limited in their capacity to absorb energy during late lactation, we attempted to increase the energy burden experienced by a group of female mice during late lactation by mating them at the postpartum oestrus, hence combining the energy demands of pregnancy and lactation. These experimental mice were therefore concurrently pregnant and lactating in their first lactation, and were followed through a normal second lactation. In a control group, females also underwent two lactations but sequentially, with the second mating after the first litter had been weaned. Maternal mass and food intake were measured throughout the first lactation, second pregnancy and second lactation. Maternal resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured prior to the first mating and then at the peak of both the first and second lactations. Litter size and litter mass were also measured throughout both lactations. In the first lactation, experimental mice had a lower mass-independent RMR (F1,88=5.15, P=0.026) and raised significantly heavier pups (t=2.77, d.f.=32, P=0.0093) than the control mice. Experimental mice delayed implantation at the start of the second pregnancy. The extent of the delay was positively related to litter size during the first lactation (F1,19=4.58, P=0.046) and negatively related to mean pup mass (F1,19=5.78, P=0.027) in the first lactation. In the second lactation, the experimental mice gave birth to more (t=2.75, d.f.=38, P=0.0092) and lighter (t=−5.01, d.f.=38, P<0.0001) pups than did the controls in their second lactation. Maternal asymptotic daily food intake of control mice in the second lactation was significantly higher (t=−4.39, d.f.=37, P=0.0001) than that of the experimental mice and higher than that of controls during their first lactation. Despite the added burden on the experimental females during their first lactation, there was no increase in their food intake, which suggested that they might be limited by their capacity to absorb energy. However, control females appeared to be capable of increasing their asymptotic food intake beyond the supposed limits estimated previously, suggesting that the previously established limit was not a fixed central limitation on food intake. As RMR increased in parallel with the increase in food intake during the second lactation of control mice, the sustained energy intake remained at around 7.0×RMR.

scholarly journals A Study of the Nutritional Behavior and Body Mass Indexes for Students of Age (17-25) Years In Baghdad, Iraq.

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Personal Meeting

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status for samples at the age of 17-15 years. These samples were taken from secondary schools and universities in Baghdad area, 123 of them were male and 261 were female. Data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in each individual. Smaller sample of 215 individuals (male and female) from the original sample was taken in order to record their nutritional behavior and daily food intake during the 24 hours prior to the visit through personal meeting using special questionnaire. The results showed that the weight and the height were within the range of the people of neighboring Arab countries, who are in the same age. Beside 44.4- 55.95% of these samples were within the normal weight using body mass index. Percentages of obesity and overweight were between 43.5- 6.5% for male and female respectively. There was an increase in daily food intake in general for essential diet and energy indeed, as recorded in nutritional behavior. 67% of samples have their breakfast every day. There were 51% of the samples having snacks (additional meal) between the major meals everyday and 62% have beverages every day. Also high percentage of samples were having milk and its products, vegetables, fruits (as nutritional sources) every day and the percentages were 47%, 67%, 78% respectively. In general their nutritional behavior and daily food intake were within the limits which showed by American recommended daily dietary, still there was some incorrect nutritional behavior which need more education and learning about nutrition.

scholarly journals A study on frequency of daily food intake at rural population in Malaysia

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki TOYOKAWA ◽  
Yuko MIYAKE ◽  
Eiji MARUI
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food

Effect of water temperature on stomach evacuation rates, and estimation of daily food intake of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Evacuation Rate ◽  
Daily Food

Field experiments were conducted over the summer of 1983 to determine food-evacuation rate and measure stomach fullness of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). A combination of these data gave estimates of daily food intake of fish. Fish were captured and held in large holding pens in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, and periodically subsampled over 24 h to monitor changes in mean weight of stomach contents. Stomach-evacuation rates obtained in this way increased significantly with water temperature over the range 10–25 °C. However, variation in stomach-evacuation rate was considerable, reducing the utility of water temperature as a predictor of stomach-evacuation rate. It is suggested that the simple field methods employed here to estimate stomach evacuation and food intake are more useful in the estimation of daily ration than the more commonly employed laboratory-based methods.

Effects of bombesin on food intake and gastric acid secretion in cats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R181-R186
Author(s):  
A. Bado ◽  
M. J. Lewin ◽  
M. Dubrasquet
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Heidenhain Pouch ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Daily Food

The brain and gut peptide bombesin has been reported both to stimulate gastric secretion and to induce satiety. To understand how the peripheral administration of bombesin affects food intake and whether gastric mechanisms are involved, a comparative study of the doses of bombesin active on gastric secretion, gastric emptying, and food intake was undertaken in cats provided with a gastric fistula and a denervated Heidenhain pouch. The smallest dose of intravenous bombesin that stimulated significantly basal acid secretion (20 pmol.kg-1.h-1) by the gastric fistula also enhanced meal-stimulated acid secretion by the Heidenhain pouch (+138%, P less than 0.01), delayed gastric emptying of a liquid protein meal (-30%, P less than 0.01), and suppressed food intake when the test meal was allowed to reach the stomach (-15%, P less than 0.01). Conversely, in sham-feeding experiments, the same dose of bombesin increased food intake (+35%, P less than 0.01). In full-day experiments conducted in nonfasted cats, bombesin decreased both the food intake in the 4-h period after the infusion and the daily food intake, whereas octapeptide cholecystokinin induced a transient satiety but did not decrease daily food intake. These results indicate that in cats the interaction of bombesin with "pregastric" mechanisms is not sufficient to induce satiety and that a relation could exist between the effects of bombesin on gastric secretion, emptying, and food intake. A single class of receptors might be involved in these peripheral effects of bombesin.

Serum leptin concentration in pigs selected for high or low daily food intake

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron ◽  
J.C. Penman ◽  
E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Seven Generations

Leptin is synthesised and secreted from adipocytes into the blood stream and transported to the brain, where it acts to cause a release of factors which can reduce food intake (Houseknecht et al., 1998). There are two murine mutations of the recessive gene coding for leptin which are associated with obesity. The Lepob allele determines synthesis and secretion of leptin, while the Lepdb allele determines responsiveness to leptin. In the Edinburgh lean growth experiment in pigs, selection for high and low daily food intake (DFI) has been practiced for seven generations in a Large White herd, which provides the experimental resource to determine if the correlated response in fat deposition is consistent with insufficient leptin production or with insensitivity to leptin.

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