scholarly journals Hepatic glucokinase is induced by dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1164-R1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panserat ◽  
F. Médale ◽  
C. Blin ◽  
J. Brèque ◽  
C. Vachot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
High Level

Glucokinase (GK) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in mammals. The absence of an inducible GK has been suggested to explain the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout. In this context, we analyzed GK expression in three fish species (rainbow trout , gilthead seabream, and common carp) known to differ in regard to their dietary carbohydrate tolerance. Fish were fed for 10 wk with either a diet containing a high level of digestible starch (>20%) or a diet totally deprived of starch. Our data demonstrate an induction of GK gene expression and GK activity by dietary carbohydrates in all three species. These studies strongly suggest that low dietary carbohydrate utilization in rainbow trout is not due to the absence of inducible hepatic GK as previously suggested. Interestingly, we also observed a significantly lower GK expression in common carp (a glucose-tolerant fish) than in rainbow trout and gilthead seabream, which are generally considered as glucose intolerant. These data suggest that other biochemical mechanisms are implicated in the inability of rainbow trout and gilthead seabream to control blood glucose closely.

Intestinal adaptations of rainbow trout to changes in dietary carbohydrate

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. G489-G496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Buddington ◽  
J. W. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
And Function ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Structure And Functions ◽  
Different Levels

Although omnivores are able to alter the structure and functions of their digestive system in response to changes in dietary carbohydrate content, it is unclear whether carnivores are capable of such adaptive flexibility. Hence we recorded growth rates, intestinal morphometrics and histology, and nutrient uptake rates and concentrations of disaccharidases in the intestines of a carnivorous fish, the rainbow trout, fed different levels and types of carbohydrate. The trout is unable to adaptively regulate digestive system structure and function to increase glucose availability in response to increasing levels of dietary carbohydrates, even to easily digestible forms such as glucose. Paradoxically, a reduction in the concentrations of enzymes associated with carbohydrate digestion in response to elevated levels of easily digested carbohydrates suggests that carnivores may actually try to repress carbohydrate digestion when glucose is available in high quantities. Thus the lower levels of carbohydrate in the diet of trout throughout their evolution has resulted in a reduced ability to phenotypically regulate the digestion of carbohydrates.

Dietary carbohydrates induce changes in glucosensing capacity and food intake of rainbow trout

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R478-R489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Polakof ◽  
Jesús M. Míguez ◽  
José L. Soengas
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
First Time

We hypothesize that variations in dietary carbohydrate levels produce changes in glucosensor parameters in previously characterized glucosensing areas (hypothalamus and hindbrain) related with the regulation of food intake of a carnivorous fish species like rainbow trout. Therefore, we fed trout with standard, carbohydrate-free (CF) or high-carbohydrate (HC) diets for 10 days to assess changes in glucosensing system and food intake. Fish fed CF diet displayed hypoglycemia and increased food intake. Fish fed a HC diet displayed hyperglycemia and decreased food intake. Changes in food intake due to dietary carbohydrates were accompanied in hypothalamus and hindbrain of fish fed with HC diet by changes in parameters involved in glucosensing, such as increased glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and glycogen levels and increased glucokinase (GK), glycogen synthase, and pyruvate kinase activities as well as increased GK and GLUT2 expression. All those results address for the first time in fish, despite the relative intolerance to glucose of carnivorous species, that dietary carbohydrates are important regulators of the glucosensing system in carnivorous fish, suggesting that the information generated by this system can be associated with the changes observed in food intake.

In Vivo and In Vitro Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE 209) by Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Common Carp

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 4653-4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Stapleton ◽  
Brian Brazil ◽  
R. David Holbrook ◽  
Carys L. Mitchelmore ◽  
Rae Benedict ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bde 209

Digestibility and Utilization of Canola Meal in Practical-Type Diets for Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
High Level

The digestibility study indicated that dry matter digestibility of canola meal (CM) was low (56.2–60.4%), probably due to the high fiber content of this product and its relatively high level of complex carbohydrates. Energy and protein digestibility of CM were 72.4 and 83.2%, respectively, and the essential amino acid digestibilities were similar to those of protein in the CM. CM cannot successfully replace either soybean meal or fish meal in practical-type diets for young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) without sacrificing growth. Supplementation with additional arginine, lysine and zinc, or energy to CM-based diets did not overcome the growth depressing effects. CM supplementation to the trout diet affected the thyroid gland of the fish, producing a diffuse, microfollicular hyperplasia that increased in severity with increasing CM supplementation. Young rainbow trout appear to be more sensitive to dietary glucosinolates than chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and total glucosinolate levels of 158 μg/g or more are deleterious to these fish. We conclude that CM should not, at this time, be included as a feed ingredient in commercial trout diets for young rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout with different amino acid nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kondratiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Juvenile Trout ◽  
High Level

The article considers the efficiency of using complete compound feeds with different levels of lysine and methionine in rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the effect of different amino acid levels in nutrition of juvenile trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 35 days and was divided into two periods: equalizing (5 days) and main (30 days). During the equalizing period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the levels of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.9 to 3.3% and from 0.95 to 3.15%, respectively. It is proved that increasing the content of lysine and methionine in feed for larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, promotes increase in their weight by 10.7% (p <0.01) and growth intensity - by 6.4-11.1%, while further increase in these amino acids content in the feed reduces the productivity of fish. Polynomial equations for determining the juvenile fish weight at any stage of rearing at a high level of determination for each of the experimental groups have been calculated. It was found that with an increase in the content of lysine and methionine in feed to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, reduces feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain in trout larvae and juveniles by 4.1%, and a further increase in levels of these amino acids to 3.3 and 1.15%, respectively, increase this index by 1.1%. The experimental fish survival ranged from 83.9 to 85.1%. In the production of trout according to the criteria of maximum productivity and to the economic optimization criteria, it is recommended to use complete feed with the level of lysine - 3.2% and methionine - 1.1% for feeding trout larvae and juveniles.

scholarly journals Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition among children

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1657-1663
Author(s):  
Sehrish Naveed ◽  
Taisa Venäläinen ◽  
Aino-Maija Eloranta ◽  
Arja T Erkkilä ◽  
Henna Jalkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
The Cross

AbstractObjective:To investigate the cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition in mid-childhood.Design:Dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes were assessed using 4-d food records, and cognition was evaluated using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) score. The cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition were investigated using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body fat percentage, household income, parental education and daily energy intake.Setting:The baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study.Participants:A population-based sample of 487 children (250 boys, 237 girls) aged 6–8 years living in the city of Kuopio, Finland.Results:A higher dietary intake of fructose (standardised regression coefficient, β = 0·24, P < 0·001), total fibre (β = 0·16, P = 0·02) and soluble fibre (β = 0·15, P = 0·02) was associated with a higher RCPM score in boys. Other dietary carbohydrates and fatty acids, including total carbohydrates, glucose, sucrose, starch, insoluble fibre, total fat, SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), linoleic acid (C18:2), α-linoleic acid (C18:3), arachidonic acid (C20:4), EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-6), were not associated with the RCPM score in boys. Dietary carbohydrates or fatty acids were not associated with the RCPM score in girls.Conclusions:Higher dietary fructose and fibre intakes were associated with better cognition in boys, but not in girls. Dietary fatty acids were not related to cognition in boys or in girls.

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