Body temperature and heat exchange during treadmill running in dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Young ◽  
R. Mosher ◽  
P. Erve ◽  
H. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
The Relationship

Body temperature during treadmill running was studied in six dogs at seven different grades from 0–22 degrees of inclination. The replicate variability in the work rectal, skin and fur temperature was ±0.5℉, ±1.4℉ and ±1.3℉, respectively. At grades up to 12 degrees of inclination there is a prolonged steady state in the rectal temperature. At higher grades there is a progressive increase in rectal temperature with running time. Body surface temperatures show little affect at the lower grades. At higher work intensities there is an increase in skin and fur temperature. Maximum heat storage varied from 21.3–41.3 Cal. during short term exhaustive work. This type of calculation is discussed critically. The relationship between rate of rise in rectal temperature and maximum performance time was studied. Without regard to work load a product-moment correlation coefficient of +0.991 was found. Submitted on September 17, 1958

Effect of salicylates on elevation of body temperature during exercise

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Downey ◽  
Robert C. Darling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Before And After

An attempt was made to determine the effect of orally ingested acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in moderate amounts for varying periods of time, on temperature response of ten healthy young men walking on a power-driven treadmill with a work load of approximately 6 mets. Three experiments were conducted, ranging from one dose of 1.8–2.4 g ASA to 3.6–4.8 g/day in divided doses for 48 hr, and the same amount in divided doses for 5–7 days, the dose in the first experiment and the last dose in those following being given 1frac12–2 hr before exercise. Rectal temperature was measured at rest, during exercise, and for 20–45 min of recovery. Blood levels of salicylate were determined, hematocrits were recorded, and total proteins were determined; each subject was weighed before and after exercise. It was found that rise in body temperature was not modified by ASA in any of the various dosages, nor was significant hemodilution of the blood caused. Suggestive, but not conclusive, evidence emerged indicating that salicylates accelerate the early stages of the fall in body temperature after exercise. Submitted on October 5, 1961

Effect of time after feeding and carbohydrate or water supplement on work in dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Young ◽  
A. Iacovino ◽  
P. Erve ◽  
R. Mosher ◽  
H. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity ◽  
Water Supplementation

Effects of proximity of the last meal and post-absorptive supplementation with water or carbohydrate were examined in reference to aerobic work performance in the dog. In the first series, performance was measured utilizing a standard 40-minute period of treadmill running adjusted to a work load of 202.9 kg-m/min. administered 1 ½, 4, 6 and 24 hours following the intake of a normal meal. On the average, minute pulse rate was significantly nine beats higher and body temperature 0.75°F higher at 4 and 6 hours following the meal. There was no significant effect on energy expenditure due to specific dynamic action of the food. Maximum aerobic work capacity was studied. Provision of 1.5 liters of water during work markedly improved (+80%) performance, whereas provision of carbohydrate just prior to work was without immediate benefit. Increased work capacity due to water supplementation is mediated by the maintenance of a relatively normal state of hydration, improvements in temperature regulation and a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. Submitted on April 2, 1959

Collaborative working in South African construction: contractors’ perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Emuze ◽  
John Julian Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of collaborative working among project partners in South African construction. The construction industry is made up of a plethora of entities trading as consultants, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and manufacturers. The effort and contributions of these entities with the input of clients result in completed projects. However, the performance of the industry has continued to generate more negative, rather than positive, headlines. Typical headlines include defects, rework, delays, injuries and accidents, all of which are mostly blamed on the endemic fragmented nature of the industry. Design/methodology/approach – The assessment was undertaken through a quantitative survey conducted among general contractor (GC) members of the Master Builders South Africa. Findings – Selected findings relative to the research include short-term objectives and price-oriented approach are prevalent in the industry; poor problem-solving mechanisms exist between project partners; poor use of modularisation; significant numbers of irregular clients and rigid adherence to contents of contract data. Research limitations/implication – The research findings provide an insight rather than definitive information due to the limited response rate of the survey. Originality/value – The paper concludes that contractors should embrace collaborative procurement methods to improve performance and promote innovation in the industry.Recommendations include the availability of a consistent work load for the supply chain members as well as the improvement of the relationship between project partners, especially between contractors and their subcontractors/suppliers.

Influence of water temperature on heart rate and rectal temperature of swimming rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Baker ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The heart rate and rectal temperature of 12 adult male hooded rats were studied during 10-min swims in water of 37, 20, and 42 C. Both the heart rate and the rectal temperature stabilized in water of 37 C, suggesting that swimming in thermoneutral water is a submaximal exercise for rats. In water of 20 C, rectal temperature and heart rate of swimming animals fell exponentially to 28 C and 251 beats/min, respectively. The relationship of heart rate to rectal temperature in these swimming, cooling animals was not different from that reported in the literature for unanesthetized, inactive, hypothermic rats. It appeared that exercise had no effect on the heart rate of rats when the body temperature was dropping. In water of 42 C the rectal temperature rose exponentially to 42.2 C. The heart rate rose to 521 beats/min at the 8th min of swimming and remained stable thereafter. It is suggested that inadequate cardiac output resulting from severe changes in body temperature may be one factor which limits swimming capacity of small animals in hot and cold water.

scholarly journals Leadership of a High Performance Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Smith
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Servant Leader ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Taking Care

In a service profession, such as the field of strength and conditioning, in the management of the athlete as well as the administration of the high performance sport development staff, servant leadership is necessary to effectively motivate performance through the wearisome day to day work load, which is of utmost importance for executing short term tasks, mid-range goals and in long-term mission completion.  Dierendonck (2011), describes servant leadership as displayed in the empowerment and the development of people, conveyed by authentically providing direction, demonstrating stewardship with the act of taking care of your staff and the organization, by being humble with the understanding that no work within the organization is beneath you, and through interpersonal acceptance, established by taking ownership of anything that will eventually go wrong.  A servant leader understands there is reciprocity in the strong affiliation with individuals within the organization and builds the relationship through trust and fairness. 

scholarly journals Acclimation to humid heat lowers resting core temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. R1295-R1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Buono ◽  
Jay H. Heaney ◽  
Katherine M. Canine
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a reduction in resting rectal temperature (Tre) is partially responsible for the attenuation in the rise of core temperature during heat exposure following acclimation to humid heat. Nine male volunteers completed 7 days of acclimation, performing 2 h of exercise per day in a hot, humid environment (35°C, 75% relative humidity). Mean (±SD) ending Tre significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased from 38.9 ± 0.5°C on day 1 to 38.3 ± 0.4°C on day 7. Likewise, mean (±SD) resting Tre significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased from 37.0 ± 0.3 to 36.7 ± 0.4°C. In fact, all nine men showed a decrease in resting Tre from day 1to day 7, ranging from −0.1 to −0.5°C. In addition, resting Tre and ending Tre were significantly correlated ( r = 0.68). However, the mean increases in Tre (ending Tre minus resting Tre) and heat storage that occurred on each of the 7 acclimation days were not significantly different. These results support the hypothesis that a reduction in resting Tre is partially responsible for the attenuation in ending Tre during heat exposure following short-term acclimation to humid heat.

scholarly journals Relationship between Rectal Temperature and Vaginal Temperature in Grazing Bos taurus Heifers

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lees ◽  
Jim Lea ◽  
Hannah Salvin ◽  
Linda Cafe ◽  
Ian Colditz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal temperature (TVAG, °C) in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of the reliability of these measures as estimates of core body temperature. Nineteen Angus heifers (BW = 232.2 ± 6.91 kg) were implanted with intra-rectal and intra-vaginal data loggers. Rectal temperature and TVAG were simultaneously recorded at 20 s intervals over 18.5 h. Heifers were housed as a singular cohort on grazing pastures for the duration of the study. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.0001) between the measurement sites was identified. The mean difference between TREC and TVAG was small, in which TVAG was on average 0.22 ± 0.01 °C lower than TREC. Individual twenty second TREC and TVAG data were used to determine the pooled mean TREC and TVAG and then to highlight the within measure variation over time. The coefficient of variation was, on average, lower (p < 0.001) for TVAG (0.38%) than TREC (0.44%), indicating that TVAG exhibited less variation. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a strong relationship exists between TREC and TVAG, and that TVAG may be a more reliable estimate of core body temperature than TREC in grazing Bos taurus heifers.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivananda B Nayak ◽  
Dharindra Sawh ◽  
Brandon Scott ◽  
Vestra Sears ◽  
Kareshma Seebalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

Plebiscitary Politics and the Threats to Legality

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Claudius Härpfer
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Face ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

In recent times we find many plebiscitary acts that seek to democratically legitimize political processes in any direction. They have in common that they interrupt the normal routine of representative democracies to a certain degree and create an extra-daily state of affairs, which entails not only direct but also indirect consequences. The text attempts to systematize some of these mechanisms from a Weberian perspective using Brexit as an example. After a brief overview of Weber’s short-term politically inspired statements on plebiscitary democracy, the text systematizes Weber’s understanding of the state as a bureaucratic apparatus that requires any kind of leader to be controlled. Subsequently, the text discusses the relationship between domination, legality, and rationality in order to finally point out the danger of erosion of truth and legality through the emergence of competing consensus communities in the face of competing conceptions of order.

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