Renal clearances during prolonged supine exercise at different loads

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity ◽  
Male Subjects

Clearance of inulin (CIn) and para-aminohippuric acid (CPAH), cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and arterial blood pressure were measured in 15 healthy male subjects at rest and during supine exercise of 45 min duration on a bicycle ergometer. Work loads between 150 and 900 kpm/min were chosen. CPAH decreased with increasing work intensity (heart rate). At an oxygen uptake corresponding to half of the aerobic work capacity it was about 70% and at heavy work 35–45% of the value at rest. The renal fraction of the cardiac output averaged, at rest, 17% and decreased with increasing work loads to 2.5–5% as a minimum. CIn did not change significantly until heavy exercise was performed. The filtration fraction increased during exercise. clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid; cardiac output Submitted on May 28, 1965

Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof Åstrand ◽  
T. Edward Cuddy ◽  
Bengt Saltin ◽  
Jesper Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Heart Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Maximal Cardiac Output ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity

In the present study oxygen uptake, cardiac output, stroke volume (dye-dilution technique) and oxygen content of arterial blood were determined in 11 women and 12 men, 20–31 years of age, at rest, and when performing submaximal and maximal work. At rest plasma volume (T-1824) and heart volume were determined. Sitting on the bicycle ergometer the stroke volume was 40–90% (mean 63%) of the maximum attained during exercise. Maximal stroke volume was essentially reached at a workload with an oxygen uptake of about 40% of the maximum and a heart rate about 110. No tendency to a decrease in stroke volume was noticed when maximal work was performed. The variation in stroke volume was ±4% during exercise in the range from 40 to 100% of the individual's aerobic work capacity. The maximal cardiac output was 18.5 liters/min for women and 24.1 liters for men. The correlation between heart volume on one side and maximal stroke volume and cardiac output on the other side was high and the expected one from the dimension of the individual. On submaximal as well as maximal exercise the women had a higher cardiac output per liter oxygen uptake than the men, and this can be explained by the lower concentration of hemoglobin in the women's blood. cardiac function during exercise; cardiac output stroke volume; cardiac output and arterial O2 content Submitted on October 3, 1963

Use of respiratory quotients in assessment of aerobic work capacity

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Issekutz ◽  
N. C. Birkhead ◽  
K. Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Better Than

Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output were measured in 32 untrained subjects during exercise on the bicycle ergometer. It was shown that the work respiratory quotient (RQ) under standardized conditions can be used as a measure of physical fitness. ΔRQ (work RQ minus 0.75) increases logarithmically with the work load and maximal O2 uptake is reached at a ΔRQ value of 0.40. This observation offered the possibility of predicting the maximal O2 uptake of a person, based on the measurement of RQ during a single bicycle ergometer test at a submaximal load. For each work RQ between 0.95 and 1.15 a factor was presented, together with the aid of a simple equation, which gave a good approximation (generally better than ±10%) of the maximal O2 uptake.

Renal clearances at rest and during physical exercise after injection of bacterial pyrogen

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Bacterial Pyrogen

Clearance of inulin (CIn) and para-aminohippuric acid (CPAH), cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and arterial blood pressure were measured in five healthy subjects at rest and during supine exercise on a bicycle ergometer before and after injection of a bacterial pyrogen (purified lipopolysaccharide, Pyrexal). CPAH was 45–145% higher at rest during the flush phase than in the normal condition. The increase in CIn, was less. Cardiac output increased also. The renal fraction of the cardiac output was larger than in the normal condition. During moderate exercise in the flush phase, CPAH decreased from the values before work. This decrease was usually larger than in the normal condition. The pyrogen-induced increase in cardiac output was less during exercise than at rest. A pronounced renal vasoconstriction during exercise is demonstrated even after the injection of bacterial pyrogen. clearance of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid; cardiac output; extraction ratio Submitted on May 4, 1964

Maximal heart rate during work in older men

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Åstrand ◽  
Per-Olof Åstrand ◽  
Kaare Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity ◽  
Male Subjects

Nine 56–68-year-old male subjects performed muscular work up to maximal loads on a bicycle ergometer while breathing both ambient air and oxygen. Heart rate increased to an average maximum of 163/min. The maximal O2 intake averaged 2.24 l/min. and the blood lactic acid concentration 85 mg/100 ml. In no case was the maximal heart rate higher when breathing O2 than when breathing air. This low maximal heart rate in older people probably limits the capacity for O2 intake. Four subjects were able to work for about 1 hour without any sign of exhaustion on a work load requiring an O2 consumption of about 50% of their maximal aerobic work capacity. Submitted on October 3, 1958

Aerobic work capacity in middle-aged Norwegian men

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lange Andersen ◽  
Lars Hermansen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity

Maximal oxygen uptake and related respiratory and circulatory functions were measured in sedentary and well-trained middle-aged men. Maximal oxygen uptakes averaged 2.63 liter/min in sedentary men and 3.36 liter/min in well-trained men, the latter value being essentially the same as found in young untrained students. The heart rate/ oxygen uptake relationship was found to be the same for sedentary-living men, regardless of age, but maximal heart rate was lower in older men. The maximal heart rate is probably the same in well-trained as in sedentary middle-aged men, this in contrast to what has been observed in younger age groups, where training reduces maximal heart rate. The exercise-induced hyperventilation takes place at an oxygen uptake corresponding to 70–80% of the capacity, this being the same in trained and untrained, and essentially the same as found in young adult subjects. maximal O2 uptake Submitted on March 23, 1964

Ventilatory responses to cardiac output changes in patients with pacemakers

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Jones ◽  
W. French ◽  
M. L. Weissman ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
End Tidal

Cardiac output changes were induced by step changes of heart rate (HR) in six patients with cardiac pacemakers during monitoring of ventilation and gas exchange, breath-by-breath. Mean low HR was 48 beats/min; mean high HR was 82 beats/min. The change of oxygen uptake immediately after the HR change was used as an index of altered cardiac output. After HR increase, oxygen uptake (V02) rose by 34 +/- 20% (SD), and after HR decrease, Vo2 fell by 24 +/- 11%. There was no change in arterial blood pressure. After HR increase, ventilation increased, after a mean delay of 19 +/- 4 s; after HR reduction, ventilation fell, after a mean delay of 29 +/- 7 s. In the period between HR increase and the resulting increase in ventilation, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) rose by 2.6 +/- 2.0 Torr, and in the period between HR decreases and the fall in ventilation, PETCO2 dropped by 2.9 +/- 2.2 Torr. The response time and end-tidal gas tension changes implicate the chemoreceptors in the reflex correction of blood gas disturbances that may result from imbalances between cardiac output and ventilation.

Effect of exercise on epinephrine turnover in trained and untrained male subjects

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kjaer ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
B. Sonne ◽  
E. A. Richter ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Work Load ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Secretory Capacity

The kinetics underlying plasma epinephrine concentrations were studied. Six athletes (T) and six sedentary males (C) were given intravenous infusions of 3H-labeled epinephrine, after which arterial blood was drawn. They rested sitting and bicycled continuously to exhaustion (60 min at 125 W, 60 min at 160 W, 40 min at 200 W, and 240 W to the end). Work time was 154 +/- 13 (SE) (T) and 75 +/- 6 (C) min. At rest, epinephrine clearance was identical [28.4 +/- 1.3 (T) vs. 29.2 +/- 1.8 (C) ml . kg-1 . min-1], but plasma concentration [1.42 +/- 0.27 (T) vs. 0.71 +/- 0.16 (C) nmol . l-1] and, accordingly, secretion [2.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.4 nmol . min-1] were higher (P less than 0.05) in T than C subjects. Epinephrine clearance was closely related to relative work load, decreasing from 15% above the basal level at 30% of maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) to 22% below at 76% of VO2 max. Epinephrine concentrations increased much more with work intensity than could be accounted for by changes in clearance and were, at exhaustion, higher (P less than 0.05) in T (7.2 +/- 1.6) than in C (2.5 +/- 0.7 nmol . l-1) subjects despite similar glucose, heart rate, and hematocrit values. At a given load, epinephrine clearance rapidly became constant, whereas concentration increased continuously. Forearm extraction of epinephrine invalidated use of blood from a cubital vein or a hand vein arterialized by hot water in turnover measurements. During exercise, changes in epinephrine concentrations reflect changes in secretion rather than in clearance. Training may increase adrenal medullary secretory capacity.

MEDICAL EFFECT OF SPORTS ON IMPROVING THE MAXIMUM OXYGEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-743
Author(s):  
Hua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Arterial Blood

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maximum oxygen uptake is an effective indicator of the level of human cardiopulmonary function and aerobic work capacity. Observing the effects of aerobic training and formulating scientific training plans are of considerable value. Objective: To observe the effect of physical exercise on the human body's maximum oxygen uptake and arterial blood ketone body ratio. Methods: Before and after 4 weeks of physical exercise, the maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid and heart rate changes, and ketone body content in the incremental load exercise experiment was measured in the human body. Results: The subjects’ maximum oxygen uptake, maximum exercise load, heart rate, and blood lactic acid levels increased significantly after physical exercise. Conclusion: The human body's maximum oxygen uptake is enhanced under sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

THE CHANGES IN AEROBIC WORK CAPACITY OF THE STUDY PROGRAM "HEALTH CARE SPECIALIST" DURING THE ELEVEN YEARS PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Voldemārs Arnis ◽  
Evita Bole ◽  
Irēna Upeniece ◽  
Indra Vīnberga ◽  
Maruta Hoferte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Care Specialist ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity

Aerobic work capacity is one of the main indicators of physical fitness and health. Aerobic work capacity depends on many factors, both physical activity level and age and gender and other factors. Aerobic work capacity falls down under the influence of sedentary lifestyle, but it can also decrease as a result of over-intensity loads. Applicants for the study program are young people who have recently graduated from the high school and people of different ages with different sporting experiences. The purpose of the research: to explore applicants aerobic work capacity of Rīga Stradiņš University study program "Health Care Specialist” and their relation to various factors and changes in the dynamics of 11 years. A total of 731 participants (268 males and 473 women) conducted the World Health Organization Bicycle ergometer test. The average level of aerobic work capacity for health care specialist applicants will increase from 2007 to 2013, but declines relatively fast between 2014 and 2017. Over the last 6 years, aerobic work capacity has fallen sharply for men as women. Body mass index does not change significantly over 11 years. The correlation between body mass index and aerobic capacity is weak. Over the last 3 years aerobic work capacity downturn trend has been particularly pronounced for women aged 20- 29. 

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