Cardiorespiratory responses of sedentary college women as a function of training intensity

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Kearney ◽  
G. A. Stull ◽  
J. L. Ewing ◽  
J. W. Strein
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
College Women ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Training Response ◽  
O2 Pulse ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required

Twenty-seven sedentary college women trained on a treadmill 3 times weekly over a 9-wk experimental period. Subjects exercised at a heart rate (HR)of either 50 or 65% of the HR reserve added to the resting HR with the duration of each session limited to the time required to elicit 1,000 beats above the resting value. Treadmill speed was adjusted automatically to maintain the prescribed exercise heart rate (EHR) within +/- 5 beats-min(-1). A comparison of the pretraining and posttraining results revealed that both training intensities caused significant increases in VO2max (1-min(-1) and ml-kg(-1)-min(-1)), V at VO2max, and O2 pulse at VO2max, and a significant decrease in VEO2 at VO2max. There was no alteration in EHR at VO2max for either intensity. For every dependent variable in which training effects were noted, the absolute gain made by the subjects training at the 65% intensity was greater than for those exercising at 50%. In no instance, however, was the difference between groups statistically significant. It was concluded that training at an EHR of either 50 or 65% of the HR reserve plus resting HR is sufficient to elicit a training response.

scholarly journals Comparison of heart rate recovery between normotensive young adults with and without a parental history of hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Satyajit Bagudai ◽  
Hari Prasad Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Recovery Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Studies have reported that off springs of hypertensive parents are more likely to develop hypertension. Affection of target organ starts even before the diagnosis of hypertension. Autonomic dysfunction may be the initial cardiac effects in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Till now very few studies have been done to find the early outcomes in the cardiac autonomic functions in the normotensive siblings of hypertensive patients. Heart rate recovery after exercise is a useful marker for cardiac autonomic function. Since the etio-pathogenesis of hypertension is expected to affect the autonomic cardiovascular parameters even before the prehypertensive stage, the following study was carried out to analyze the heart rate recovery, in the descendent non- hypertensive young adults with and without parental history of hypertension. Aim and objective: This research study was aimed to study the quantify and compare the difference (if any) of heart rate recovery in response to 3minute step test between non hypertensive children of non- hypertensive and hypertensive parents within an age group of 18-22 years. Material &Methods: A total of 63 normotensive students were divided into one hypertensive parents(HP) group containing students with parental history of hypertension) and one non hypertensive parents group (NHP) having students without parental history of hypertension). Each student was subjected to 3 minute Master step test. Recordings of heart rate were made before and after exercise. Heart rate recovery index (HRRI) of 1minute (HRRI1), as well as in 2, 3 and 4 minute (HRRI2, HRRI3, HRRI4) were calculated and analyzed. Results: The resting (basal) heart rate as well as 1st minute heart rate recovery index (HRRI1) was not significantly different in the two groups. Likewise, the 2nd minute (HRRI2), 3rd minute (HRRI3), and 4th minute HRRI (HRR4) respectively were also not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no significant difference in heart rate recovery among non-hypertensive young adults, with and without parental history of hypertension.

scholarly journals 84 Effects of incremental conditioning and supplemental dietary tryptophan on pre, mid, and post-exercise heart rate and respiratory rate in sled dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Emma Thornton ◽  
James Templeman ◽  
Michael Bower ◽  
John Cant ◽  
Graham Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acid ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Repetitive bouts of resistance and aerobic exercise can have dramatic effects on whole body physiology. Dietary tryptophan supplementation supports protein turnover and serotonin production, which assist in responses to exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week incremental exercise regimen and supplemental dietary tryptophan on pre-, mid-, and post-exercise heart rate and respiratory rate in sled dogs. Sixteen dogs (mean age of 4.8 ± 2.5 years, body weight 24.3 ± 4.3 kg) were blocked for sex, age, and body weight, and randomly allocated to a control diet or the control plus tryptophan diet (tryptophan to large-neutral-amino-acid ratio of 0.075:1). All dogs participated in a 12-week conditioning regimen with controlled exercise challenges at week -1 and subsequently every 3 weeks. Electrocardiogram electrodes and thoracic rib bands were worn to record heart rate and respiratory rate (EMKA Tech., Falls Church, VA, USA) prior to, during, and following each exercise challenge. A trans regression, mixed, and correlation model were used where appropriate to assess the fixed effects of treatment and week, and explore linear relationships between recovery time and week in SAS (v 9.4). No differences were found in heart rate between treatment groups for any training level (P > 0.10). Working, recovery, and time required for heart rate to recover post-exercise decreased from week -1 to week 11 (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that treatment dogs recovered respiratory rate faster post-exercise compared to control (r = -0.421, P < 0.05). Resting, recovery and time required for respiratory rate to recover post-exercise decreased from baseline to week 11 (P < 0.05). This data suggests improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was observed over 12 weeks of training and that tryptophan may support respiratory function during exercise recovery.

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate Recovery in Children with Spina Bifida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Maia Leonardi-Figueiredo ◽  
Gabriela Barroso de Queiroz Davoli ◽  
Amanda Evangelista Avi ◽  
Julio Cesar Crescêncio ◽  
Silvia Cristina Moura-Tonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
O2 Pulse ◽  
Analysis System

AbstractWe aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic control by assessing the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and physical fitness in children and adolescents with spina bifida (SB), compared to participants with typical development. A total of 124 participants, 42 with spina bifida (SB group) and 82 typical developmental controls (CO group) performed the arm cranking exercise test with a gas analysis system. HRR was determined at the first (HRR_1) and second (HRR_2) minute at recovery phase. Data are shown as [mean difference (95% CI)]. The SB group showed reduced HR reserve [14.5 (7.1–22.0) bmp, P<0.01], slower HRR_1 [12.4 (7.4–17.5) bpm, P<0.01] and HRR_2 [16.3 (10.6–21.9) bpm; P<0.01], lower VO2peak [VO2peak relative: 7.3 (4.2–10.3) mL·min−1·kg−1, P<0.01; VO2peak absolute: 0.42 (0.30–0.54) L·min−1, P<0.01], and lower O2 pulse [2.5 (1.8–3.2) mL·bpm, P<0.01] and ventilatory responses [13.5 (8.8–18.1) L·min−1, P<0.01] than the CO group. VE/VO2 was not different between groups [−2.82 (−5.77– −0.12); P=0.06], but the VE/VCO2 [−2.59 (−4.40–0.78); P<0.01] and the values of the anaerobic threshold corrected by body mass [−3.2 (−5.8– −0.6) mL·min−1·kg−1, P=0.01] were higher in the SB group than in the CO group. We concluded that children and adolescents with SB have reduced physical fitness and a slower HRR response after maximal effort.

Hypoxia increases exercise heart rate despite combined inhibition of β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. H1540-H1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Siebenmann ◽  
P. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Sørensen ◽  
T. C. Bonne ◽  
M. Zaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Receptor Inhibition ◽  
Adrenergic Transmission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response To Exercise

Hypoxia increases the heart rate response to exercise, but the mechanism(s) remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the tachycardic effect of hypoxia persists during separate, but not combined, inhibition of β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Nine subjects performed incremental exercise to exhaustion in normoxia and hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 = 12%) after intravenous administration of 1) no drugs (Cont), 2) propranolol (Prop), 3) glycopyrrolate (Glyc), or 4) Prop + Glyc. HR increased with exercise in all drug conditions ( P < 0.001) but was always higher at a given workload in hypoxia than normoxia ( P < 0.001). Averaged over all workloads, the difference between hypoxia and normoxia was 19.8 ± 13.8 beats/min during Cont and similar (17.2 ± 7.7 beats/min, P = 0.95) during Prop but smaller ( P < 0.001) during Glyc and Prop + Glyc (9.8 ± 9.6 and 8.1 ± 7.6 beats/min, respectively). Cardiac output was enhanced by hypoxia ( P < 0.002) to an extent that was similar between Cont, Glyc, and Prop + Glyc (2.3 ± 1.9, 1.7 ± 1.8, and 2.3 ± 1.2 l/min, respectively, P > 0.4) but larger during Prop (3.4 ± 1.6 l/min, P = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that the tachycardic effect of hypoxia during exercise partially relies on vagal withdrawal. Conversely, sympathoexcitation either does not contribute or increases heart rate through mechanisms other than β-adrenergic transmission. A potential candidate is α-adrenergic transmission, which could also explain why a tachycardic effect of hypoxia persists during combined β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor inhibition.

Maximum heart rate responses to exercise and isoproterenol in the trained rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. R834-R839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Bolter ◽  
K. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Maximum Exercise ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
The Difference

Male rats were assigned to light (C) or strenuous (T) running programs. Both groups ran at 30 m/min, 8% elevation. Over 16 wk, T and C completed 2,939 +/- 72 and 507 +/- 7 min (mean +/- SE). In a graded running test, maximum exercise heart rates for T and C were 542 +/- 7 and 554 +/- 6 beats/min (P greater than 0.05). Heart rates elicited by maximum effective concentrations of isoproterenol (ISO) in vivo and in vitro were 483 +/- 8 and 489 +/- 11 beats/min for T and 499 +/- 5 and 502 +/- 5 beats/min for C (no difference between groups or treatments). A lower heart rate was recorded in T for both resting (353 +/- 7 vs. 373 +/- 4 beats/min) and in vitro intrinsic states (231 +/- 22 vs. 299 +/- 22 beats/min) (P less than 0.05 for both conditions). The difference between maximum ISO-stimulated and maximum exercise heart rates was attributed to a temperature difference. In a separate group of lightly trained rats, ISO was administered intravenously during hard exercise when heart rate approached exercise maximum. Heart rate after ISO did not increase beyond the maximum heart rate observed in a control run. It was concluded that the maximum chronotropic response to sympathetic stimulation can be elicited during hard exercise and that maximum exercise heart rate reflects this limit rather than a saturation of cardiac sympathetic activity.

scholarly journals Heritability of submaximal exercise heart rate response to exercise training is accounted for by nine SNPs

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Yun Ju Sung ◽  
Mark A. Sarzynski ◽  
Treva K. Rice ◽  
D. C. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Training Response

Endurance training-induced changes in hemodynamic traits are heritable. However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of our study was to perform a genome-wide association study to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. Heart rate was measured during steady-state exercise at 50 W (HR50) on 2 separate days before and after a 20-wk endurance training program in 483 white subjects from 99 families. Illumina HumanCNV370-Quad v3.0 BeadChips were genotyped using the Illumina BeadStation 500GX platform. After quality control procedures, 320,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for the genome-wide association study analyses, which were performed using the MERLIN software package (single-SNP analyses and conditional heritability tests) and standard regression models (multivariate analyses). The strongest associations for HR50 training response adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and baseline HR50 were detected with SNPs at the YWHAQ locus on chromosome 2p25 ( P = 8.1 × 10−7), the RBPMS locus on chromosome 8p12 ( P = 3.8 × 10−6), and the CREB1 locus on chromosome 2q34 ( P = 1.6 × 10−5). In addition, 37 other SNPs showed P values <9.9 × 10−5. After removal of redundant SNPs, the 10 most significant SNPs explained 35.9% of the ΔHR50 variance in a multivariate regression model. Conditional heritability tests showed that nine of these SNPs (all intragenic) accounted for 100% of the ΔHR50 heritability. Our results indicate that SNPs in nine genes related to cardiomyocyte and neuronal functions, as well as cardiac memory formation, fully account for the heritability of the submaximal heart rate training response.

scholarly journals Prototipe Sistem Deteksi Jantung Manusia dan Lokasi Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

AVITEC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almira Budiyanto ◽  
Ardymas Jati Putu Mardana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
To Receive

Based on data from The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2016), it shows that deaths in the world caused by heart and blood vessel diseases reached 17.7 million people or around 32.26 percent of total deaths in the world. The representation of heart health can be seen from the number of heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2). The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the human body through the number of heartbeats and SpO2 using the MAX30100 sensor and to be able to find out the location of the patient via GPS Adafruit Ultimate Breakout. GPS calibration uses two calculation methods, namely using the Haversine formula and using the distance measurement feature on Google Earth. The method is then compared to get the difference between the coordinates obtained by the smartphone GPS as a reference with the patient's GPS (Adafruit Ultimate Breakout). The HR measurement calibration on the MAX30100 sensor is then compared with the pulse on the left wrist for accuracy. The value of the sensor is calculated every time when it detects a beat/pulse, while the manual count is calculated every 60 seconds. Therefore, the value on the sensor is taken using an average of 10 data to find the accuracy value. The results of this study indicate the level of coordinate accuracy obtained by GPS Adafruit is not more than 5 meters. The average HR accuracy value is 98,23 percent and the SpO2 calibration results get an accuracy of 98,99 percent. The waiting time required for the GPS to receive coordinates from the satellite with the GPS condition uncovered by the casing is about 7 to 13 minutes, while when the casing is closed the GPS cannot get the coordinates. MAX30100 can work optimally and obtain accurate values when the patient is in a relaxed position and does not do too much movement.

scholarly journals Endurance Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Responses in Sedentary Females During Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R Dalui
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
O2 Pulse

Background Alteration in physical work capacity of females during different phases of menstrual cycle has been reported in different populations. Pertinent data is unavailable in Eastern Indian population. Objectives The present study was aimed to determine the endurance capacity and cardiorespiratory responses during different phases of menstrual cycle in young sedentary females of Eastern region of India. Methods Forty five unmarried young healthy sedentary females (21–25 years) were recruited in the present investigation. Duration of their menstrual cycle was 28–30 days. Cardiorespiratory parameters including the endurance capacity was determined by treadmill running with constant monitoring of heart rate by Polar heart rate monitor. Results The pre-exercise heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.02) in the luteal phase. The peak heart rate was significantly lower (P<0.02) in the flow phase than the follicular and luteal phases. VO2max, O2 pulse, maximum pulmonary ventilation and endurance capacity were significantly lower in the follicular phase. However, the endurance capacity was significantly lower in the flow phase. Pre-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not exhibit any significant variation in different phases of menstrual cycle. Conclusion Therefore, from the present observations it may be concluded that pre-exercise heart rate and respiratory rate are significantly higher in the luteal phase whereas VO2max, O2 pulse, maximum pulmonary ventilation, endurance capacity and peak heart rate were significantly lower in the follicular phase. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i4.10990 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012;10(4):25-29

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Heart rate reveals the difference between disgust and anger in the domain of morality.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Konishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Himichi ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
The Difference
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