Increases in plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin immunoreactivity after treadmill running in humans

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Farrell ◽  
W. K. Gates ◽  
M. G. Maksud ◽  
W. P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radio Immunoassay

Six well-trained endurance athletes were studied to determine if submaximal treadmill exercise results in increased plasma levels of beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin (Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH) immunoreactivity. Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH immunoreactivity was measured by radio immunoassay in plasma from six experienced runners before and after 30-min treadmill runs at a self-selected pace, 60 and 80% VO2 max, and a control experiment of 30 min rest. All tests were randomized and occurred during the same time of day for a given subject (0600--1500 h). Preexercise Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH values averaged between 10 and 20 pg/ml and increased two- to fivefold after each run. The increase was statistically significant (P less than 0.05) only after the 60% run when Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH increased to a mean of 58.3 pg/ml. A large individual variation in the Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH response to running was noted. Mood state and perceptual data were also collected, and no significant relationship with Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH was evident. These data suggest that the stress of treadmill running acts as a stimulus to greater Bh-Ep/Bh-LPH secretion, a reduction in its degradation, or a combination of these, which leads to increased levels of these ligands in venous blood. The physiological significance of these increased plasma levels is not clear.

Prolactinotrophic effect of endogenous and exogenous heat loads in human male adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1351-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Brisson ◽  
F. Peronnet ◽  
H. Perrault ◽  
P. Boisvert ◽  
D. Massicotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Heat Loading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Hormones ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Face Cooling

Factors associated with heat-induced increase in blood prolactin (PRL) were investigated. Ten male volunteers (23.7 +/- 2.2 yr) were exposed to exogenous heating (head-out immersion) in 41 degrees C water (control 37 degrees C) for 30 min with and without face fanning and cooling. In seven of the subjects, endogenous heating was produced by a 45-min exercise in a warm environment (41 degrees C; control 10 degrees C) with and without selective face fanning. Venous blood was collected before and after each trial; blood hormones were analyzed by radioimmunologic techniques. Heat loading, whether exogenous or endogenous in origin, induced significant increases in blood PRL, beta-endorphin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels. Blood thyrotropin (TSH) level decreased significantly during water immersion and more significantly with face cooling. From measurement in peripheral blood, the differential beta-endorphin, VIP, and TSH responses to selective face ventilation during exogenous and endogenous heat exposures suggest that blood PRL released in heat derives from secretory stimuli that are independent of these prolactinotropic factors.

The interrelationship of beta endorphin, ACTH and cortisol in depressive illness: a controlled study

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Ball ◽  
Trevor Howlett ◽  
Trevor Silverstone ◽  
Lesley Rees
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

SynopsisPlasma cortisol, ACTH and beta endorphin were measured before and after dexamethasone in 8 severely depressed patients and 8 age- and sex-matched controls to examine the relationship of ACTH and endogenous opioids to cortisol in depression. Despite having significantly higher plasma levels of cortisol than the controls, the depressed patients did not have correspondingly elevated plasma levels of ACTH. Beta-endorphin levels were also similar in the two groups. All three hormones suppressed to some degree after dexamethasone, but cortisol suppressed less in patients than controls. Our findings suggest that in severe depressive illness abnormalities exist in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis peripherally as well as centrally.

Effective Prophylactic Treatments of Migraine Lower Plasma Glutamate Levels

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ferrari ◽  
L Spaccalopelo ◽  
D Pinetti ◽  
R Tacchi ◽  
A Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T

The role of glutamate in migraine treatment has not been much studied, even if this amino acid seems to be crucial in the pathogenesis of migraine. Our aim was to determine if there were differences in the plasma levels of glutamate between migraine patients and control subjects and if plasma levels of glutamate in migraine patients modified after 8 weeks of prophylactic treatment. We studied 24 patients with diagnosis of migraine without aura according to International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn criteria, and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, as controls. In migraineurs the level of glutamate was measured before and after 8 weeks of prophylactic treatment (topiramate 50 mg/ day, five patients; amitriptyline 20 mg/day, seven patients; flunarizine 5 mg/day, seven patients; propranolol 80 mg/day, five patients). Venous blood samples were taken in the morning, after overnight fasting, and at least 3 days after the last migraine day. Glutamate levels were measured by means of a fluorimetric detector high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. Plasma levels of glutamate were significantly higher in migraine patients—either before (61.79 ± 18.75 μmol/l) or after prophylactic treatment (17.64 ± 5.08 μmol/l)— than in controls (9.36 ± 2.1 μmol/l) ( P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls' test). After prophylactic treatment, with headache frequency reduced, plasma glutamate levels were significantly lower in the same patient with respect to the prior baseline level ( P < 0.0001, Student's t-test for paired data), without any differences depending on the kind of prophylactic drug. Effective prophylactic treatments reducing high glutamate plasma levels found in migraine patients could act on the underlying mechanism that contributes to cause migraine. Plasma glutamate level monitoring in migraine patients might serve as a biomarker of response to treatments and as an objective measure of disease status.

Carotid sinus baroreflex control of beta-endorphin release in anesthetized dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. R408-R412
Author(s):  
M. J. Brunner ◽  
K. E. Wehberg ◽  
J. C. Williams ◽  
C. A. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

A quantitative assessment of the carotid sinus baroreflex release of endogenous plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive material has been established. The carotid sinuses of 12 pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs were isolated bilaterally and perfused with a constant pressure maintained by infusion or withdrawal of normal saline. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Carotid sinus pressure (CSP) was changed from 200 to 50 mmHg in 25 mmHg steps before and after vagotomy. At each interval of CSP, 10 ml mixed venous blood were collected, and beta-endorphin-like peptides were extracted from plasma and assayed. Concentrations of plasma beta-endorphin-like material were determined by radioimmunoassay. Sigmoidal responses of MAP and HR were revealed during changes in CSP. No significant differences in beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-END-L-I) were measured at CSP of 200 and 50 in the intact condition (35.9 +/- 3.9 and 35.0 +/- 6.4 fm/ml, respectively). However, after vagotomy, beta-END-L-I measured at 50 mmHg CSP was significantly elevated to 53.3 +/- 5.2 fm/ml compared with the value of 35.5 +/- 7.2 fm/ml at CSP of 200 mmHg. The results suggest that the release of beta-endorphin is modulated by the action of the carotid baroreflex as a normal component of an integrated efferent response. However, this response is normally buffered by reflexes with vagal afferents.

EFFECT OF VENOUS STASIS ON THE RELEASE OF VON WILLEERAND FACTOR ANTIGEN (VWF:AG) AND PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (PA) IN PATIENTS WITH THROMBOEMBOLISM

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Uchiyama ◽  
M Matsumoto ◽  
N Narahara ◽  
H Tanaka ◽  
N Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function ◽  
Before And After

Plasma levels of vWF:Ag and PA (both activity and antigen) present in the venous blood were studied in 114 patients with arterial thromboembolic disease and 30 age matched healthy individuals. In 29 cases of the patient group (patients) and 7 cases of the control group (controls), turnover of intravenously injected 1-125-fibrinogen was studied. Venous blood was obtained from the antecubital vein of subjects before and after 5 minutes0' of venous occlusion. vWF:Ag was determined by electroimmunodiffusion (Laurell0's method). PA activity was measured by the method of Campbell et al, and PA antigen was assayed by ELISA kit purchased from BioPool Co. And the following results were obtained : 1) Mean plasma level of vWF:Ag was significantly higher (p<0.001) and mean plasma level of PA activity was significantly lower (p<0.05) in patients than in controls both before and after the venous occlusion. 2) Mean plasma level of PA antigen was significantly higher (p<0.01) in patients (mean+SD; 4.05j±1.58 ng/ml) than in controls (2.95±1.11 ng/ml) before the venous occlusion. The mean specific acitivity of PA was significantly lower (p<0.01) in patients than in controls both before and after the venous occlusion. 3) Plasma half life (T/2) of fibrinogen was significantly shorter (p<0.001) and catabolic flux (J3X) of fibrinogen was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients tahn in controls. 4) Significant relationship was observed between T/2 of fibrinogen and plasma levels of vWF:Ag before and after the venous occlusion, PA activities after the occlusion, and levels of PA antigen before the occlusion. 5) Significant relationship was also observed between J3X of fibrinogen and plasma levels of vWF:Ag before and after the verous occlusion, PA activities after the occlusion, and levels of PA antigen before the occlusion. These results suggests that the changes in endothelial cell function might be a common mechanism responsible for the abnormal findings in plasma levels of both vWF:Ag and PA and for the acceleration of fibrinogen metabolism.

Rats with regenerating adrenals are more hypertensive in the morning than afternoon

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
pp. R1025-R1031
Author(s):  
R. Foulkes ◽  
S. M. Gardiner ◽  
T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tail Cuff ◽  
Diurnal Rhythmicity

In rats following unilateral nephroadrenalectomy and contralateral adrenal enucleation, adrenocortical tissue regenerates and secretes some steroids in abnormal amounts but with a diurnal rhythmicity. This study investigated whether the level of blood pressure (BP) in these rats also varies with the time of day. Systolic BP was measured by the tail-cuff method twice daily [between 0700 and 1000 h (A.M.) and again between 1400 and 1700 h (P.M.)] in conscious Wistar rats before and after unilateral nephroadrenalectomy and either contralateral adrenal-enucleation (AE) or sham-operation (SO); all rats were given 1% NaCl to drink postoperatively. During the 4th wk after surgery, systolic BP in AE rats was higher than in SO rats at both times of day, but the difference was greater A.M. (SO = 142 +/- 2 mmHg, AE = 176 +/- 4 mmHg) than P.M. (SO = 138 +/- 2 mmHg, AE = 150 +/- 2 mmHg). The hypertension and the A.M.-P.M. changes in BP in AE rats were also seen with intra-arterial recording. These phenomena were not directly associated with changes in plasma volume, plasma Na+ concentration, or in the plasma levels of corticosterone or 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone.

Skin darkening, a potential social signal in subordinate arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): the regulatory role of brain monoamines and pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hoglund ◽  
P.H. Balm ◽  
S. Winberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Before And After

Arctic charr were allowed to interact in groups of three for 5 days. Skin darkness was quantified by measuring the mean brightness of individual fish before and after social interaction. Brain levels of monoamines and monoamine metabolites and plasma concentrations of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), N-acetyl-(beta)-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) were analysed. The results show that social subordination resulted in a significant skin darkening. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of alpha-MSH, ACTH and cortisol were elevated in subordinates, and these fish also displayed elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the telencephalon. The ratio of [5-HIAA] to serotonin [5-HT] was increased in several brain areas. In addition, the ratio of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) to norepinephrine (NE) concentrations was significantly increased in the optic tectum of subordinate fish. Skin darkness following social interaction showed a significant positive correlation with plasma levels of alpha-MSH. Plasma levels of ACTH and alpha-MSH were both positively correlated with that of cortisol. Brain [5-HIAA]/[5-HT] ratios were positively correlated with circulating plasma levels of ACTH, and a similar positive correlation was seen between [MHPG]/[NE] ratios in the optic tectum and plasma levels of ACTH, alpha-MSH and N-acetyl-beta-endorphin. In contrast, hypothalamic [MHPG]/[NE] ratios displayed a negative correlation with plasma alpha-MSH concentrations. The present study demonstrates that social stress induces skin darkening in Arctic charr and that this effect could be mediated by a stress-induced increase in the levels of alpha-MSH in the circulation. Furthermore, the results suggest that 5-HT and NE in the central nervous system could be factors regulating the pituitary release of ACTH and alpha-MSH.

Effects of a fatiguing run in popliteal vein flow using sports compression socks

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-978
Author(s):  
FJ Oficial-Casado ◽  
I Aparicio ◽  
I Julian-Rochina ◽  
M Blanes ◽  
P Perez-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Trained Runners

Introduction Although the use of sports compression socks is becoming more popular, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the helpfulness of these garments for physical movement or sports use. One of the main effects attributed to the use of compression sock is the facilitation of venous blood flow return which is thought to improve performance and recovery. Methodology In this study, 10 trained runners performed 2 treadmill running tests for 30 min to 75% of their maximum aerobic speed, without sports socks (control) and with different sports compression socks. We measured popliteal vein flow volume before and after each test using magnetic resonance imaging. Results and discussion No differences were observed between the conditions before the test ( p > 0.05), but there were differences between the high compression socks condition and the control after the test ( p < 0.05). Exercise increased the venous flow in both legs in the control ( p < 0.001) as well as in the right leg with the high compression sock type ( p < 0.01) but there were no differences in the behaviour of the different sock compression levels ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The use of sports compression socks with different levels of compression does not increase the volume of venous blood return via the popliteal vein in trained athletes after running for 30 min.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

Lack of Effect of Exercise Time of Day on Acute Energy Intake in Healthy Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona J.M O’Donoghue ◽  
Paul A. Fournier ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Although the manipulation of exercise and dietary intake to achieve successful weight loss has been extensively studied, it is unclear how the time of day that exercise is performed may affect subsequent energy intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute bout of exercise performed in the morning compared with an equivalent bout of exercise performed in the afternoon on short-term energy intake. Nine healthy male participants completed 3 trials: morning exercise (AM), afternoon exercise (PM), or control (no exercise; CON) in a randomized counterbalanced design. Exercise consisted of 45 min of treadmill running at 75% VO2peak. Energy intake was assessed over a 26-hr period with the participants eating ad libitum from a standard assortment of food items of known quantity and composition. There was no significant difference in overall energy intake (M ± SD; CON 23,505 ± 6,938 kJ, AM 24,957 ± 5,607 kJ, PM 24,560 ± 5,988 kJ; p = .590) or macronutrient preferences during the 26-hr period examined between trials. Likewise, no differences in energy intake or macronutrient preferences were observed at any of the specific individual meal periods examined (i.e., breakfast, lunch, dinner) between trials. These results suggest that the time of day that exercise is performed does not significantly affect short-term energy intake in healthy men.

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